Krasnaya Polyana, Sochi, Krasnodar Krai
Krasnaya Polyana (Russian: Кра́сная Поля́на, IPA: [ˈkrasnəjə pɐˈlʲanə]; Abkhaz: Гәбаадәы, Gâbaadây; Adyghe: Ӏаткъуадж, Hatquac, Greek: Κράσναγια Πολιάνα/Krasnagia Poliana) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Krasnopolyansky Settlement Okrug, which is under the administrative jurisdiction of Adlersky City District of the City of Sochi in Krasnodar Krai, Russia. Population: 4,598 (2010 Census);[1] 3,969 (2002 Census);[6] 3,300 (1989 Census).[7]
Krasnaya Polyana Красная Поляна | |
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General view of the Krasnaya Polyana from the Psekhako Ridge. In the foreground is a mountain Olympic village. | |
Krasnaya Polyana Location of Krasnaya Polyana Krasnaya Polyana Krasnaya Polyana (European Russia) Krasnaya Polyana Krasnaya Polyana (Europe) | |
| Coordinates: 43°40′43″N 40°12′19″E / 43.67861°N 40.20528°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Krasnodar Krai |
| Settlement okrug | Krasnopolyansky Settlement Okrug |
| Founded | 1869 |
| Urban-type settlement status since | 1950 |
| Elevation | 533 m (1,749 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 4,598 |
| • Estimate (2018)[2] | 4,789 (+4.2%) |
| • Subordinated to | City of Sochi |
| • Capital of | Krasnopolyansky Settlement Okrug |
| • Urban okrug | Sochi Urban Okrug |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK [3]) |
| Postal code(s)[4] | 354392 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 8622[5] |
| OKTMO ID | 03726000056 |
Located in the Western Caucasus, it is home to the new Rosa Khutor alpine ski resort, with a base elevation of 560 meters (1,840 ft) along the Mzymta River, 39 kilometers (24 mi) from its influx into the Black Sea in Adlersky City District of Sochi. The lift-served summit climbs to 2,320 meters (7,610 ft), giving a vertical drop of over a mile at 1,760 meters (5,770 ft). The resort hosted the Alpine and Nordic events of the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, having previously hosted World Cup alpine events from February 2012, two years earlier.[citation needed]
Etymology
The name "Krasnaya Polyana" (lit. Red Glade) was given by the Greek settlers in 1878 because of the thick overgrowth of fern, the leaves of which had a reddish-brown color in fall.[8] Walter Richmond, a historian of the Circassian genocide, notes that Krasnaya Polyana was named after the last stand by the Abkhaz Akhchipsou tribe, of whom many died there in 1864.[9]
History
Although the vicinity is rich in prehistoric dolmens and contains ruins of about twenty medieval forts, the settlement first appears in recorded history in 1835, when a Russian spy, Baron Fyodor Tornau, visited the Sadz Abkhazian village of Artquaj in the guise of a Circassian mountaineer. Having spent several days in the village, he recorded his observations in a journal.
By the 1860s, the village was known as Kbaade and became populated with the Akhchipsou branch of the Sadz. In 1864, the area was the scene, significant in Circassian history, of the last battles of the Russian–Circassian War. The area was conquered by four main Russian armies and the end of the prolonged Caucasian War declared (on June 2, 1864). The area became a part of the Russian Empire and those residents who did not swear allegiance to the Empire were removed to the Ottoman Empire. The abandoned aul was replaced with the new settlement of Krasnaya Polyana in 1869.
On June 19, 1899, Krasnaya Polyana was visited by an official commission under Nikolay Abaza, with a view to transforming it into Tsarskaya Polyana, Nicholas II's hunting ground in the Western Caucasus. A royal hunting lodge was erected in 1901, followed by the chalets of Counts Sheremetev and Bobrinsky, among other nobles and high-placed dignitaries. Although it was never visited by the Tsar, the village was renamed Romanovsk (Романовск), after the ruling imperial dynasty.
Following the October Revolution of 1917, the retreat reverted to its former name and status and gradually dwindled into obscurity. The proximity to Sochi, the "summer capital" of Russia, eventually revived its fortunes in the last quarter of the 20th century, when it achieved a modicum of popularity across the former Soviet Union, despite limited hotel capabilities and installations, and difficulty of access through narrow mountain passes.
Climate
| Climate data for Krasnaya Polyana (1991–2020, extremes 1936–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.1 (64.6) | 22.4 (72.3) | 27.8 (82.0) | 35.6 (96.1) | 33.4 (92.1) | 35.7 (96.3) | 38.5 (101.3) | 35.9 (96.6) | 35.1 (95.2) | 30.8 (87.4) | 27.7 (81.9) | 21.4 (70.5) | 38.5 (101.3) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 5.5 (41.9) | 7.3 (45.1) | 10.9 (51.6) | 16.7 (62.1) | 21.0 (69.8) | 24.5 (76.1) | 27.1 (80.8) | 27.6 (81.7) | 23.4 (74.1) | 18.4 (65.1) | 12.6 (54.7) | 7.2 (45.0) | 16.8 (62.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.2 (34.2) | 2.1 (35.8) | 5.1 (41.2) | 10.1 (50.2) | 14.6 (58.3) | 18.3 (64.9) | 20.9 (69.6) | 21.0 (69.8) | 16.8 (62.2) | 12.1 (53.8) | 6.6 (43.9) | 2.8 (37.0) | 11.0 (51.7) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −1.3 (29.7) | −1.1 (30.0) | 1.5 (34.7) | 5.5 (41.9) | 9.8 (49.6) | 13.4 (56.1) | 15.8 (60.4) | 15.8 (60.4) | 12.0 (53.6) | 7.8 (46.0) | 3.1 (37.6) | 0.2 (32.4) | 6.9 (44.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −22.5 (−8.5) | −18.1 (−0.6) | −15.6 (3.9) | −10.6 (12.9) | −0.4 (31.3) | 2.6 (36.7) | 7.7 (45.9) | 5.2 (41.4) | −1.0 (30.2) | −6.1 (21.0) | −13.2 (8.2) | −15.3 (4.5) | −22.5 (−8.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 200 (7.9) | 170 (6.7) | 182 (7.2) | 141 (5.6) | 145 (5.7) | 119 (4.7) | 103 (4.1) | 99 (3.9) | 144 (5.7) | 206 (8.1) | 205 (8.1) | 216 (8.5) | 1,930 (76.2) |
| Source: Pogoda.ru.net[10] | |||||||||||||
Location and facilities
Krasnaya Polyana is sited against the scenic backdrop of the Caucasus Mountains, which exceed 2,000 meters (6,600 ft) in elevation, at a distance of 67 kilometers (42 mi) from the center of Sochi by road and 40 kilometers (25 mi) from the Adler-Sochi International Airport. The settlement has been plagued by transport problems: in order to improve this for the 2014 Winter Olympics, a railway line was built, connecting the area with the airport, Sochi Olympic Village, and central Sochi.
Structures
- An electricity pylon looking like a snow leopard [1].
Economy
The economic activity in the village is based on serving tourists and visitors in winter and summer. Krasnaya Polyana is a skiing and snowboarding center.
2014 Olympics venues
- Sanki Sliding Center, luge, bobsled, and skeleton (moved to Rzhanaya Polyana in May 2009)
- Laura Cross-Country ski and Biathlon Center, biathlon, cross-country skiing, and Nordic combined
- Rosa Khutor Alpine Resort, alpine skiing
- Rosa Khutor Extreme Park, freestyle skiing, snowboarding
- RusSki Gorki Jumping Center, ski jumping and Nordic combined
References
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ (Worldwide Phone Codes)
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ "Знай свой край. Словарь географических названий Краснодарского края." Составитель: И. П. Лотышев. Краснодарское книжное издательство, 1974.
- ^ Walter Richmond, The Circassian Genocide, Introduction, Kindle location 36
- ^ (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Archived from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
- ^ Guidebook "Sochi Olympic Games" by Federal Agency for tourism
- (in Russian) on the Alpika Service website
- (in Russian) in the Sankt-Peterburgskiye Vedomosti
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Cable car
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Gorki Gorod and Gornaya Karusel
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Ski-biathlon complex Laura on the Psekhako Ridge
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Sledge-bobsleigh track
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Summer at Krasnaya Polyana
External links
- (in German) Krasnaya Polyana
- (in Russian) Красная Поляна
- (in Swedish)
- (in French and English)