The Krakatoa Archipelago is a small uninhabited archipelago of volcanic islands formed by the Krakatoastratovolcano located in the Sunda Strait, nestled between the much larger islands of Java and Sumatra. As of 2018, the archipelago consists of four main islands: Verlaten (aka Sertung), Lang (aka Rakata Kecil, or Panjang), Rakata, and the currently volcanically active Anak Krakatoa. Together, the islands are a part of the Indonesian island arc system, created by the northeastward subduction of the Indo-Australian Plate. As part of a dynamic volcanic system, the islands have been continuously reshaped throughout recorded history, most notably in the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa.
Krakatoa Archipelago
Satellite view of the Krakatoa Archipelago, with Anak Krakatoa in the centre.
Krakatoa is an active stratovolcano located in Indonesia, and lying on the far western rim of the Pacific Ring of Fire. Krakatoa is a notably powerful volcano, with the 1883 eruption being one of the deadliest and most destructive volcanic events in all of recorded history.
Geographyedit
Current islandsedit
Verlaten Island (aka Sertung) – Verlaten is a rather low island with a hill in the middle. Other than some minor collapse in the southeast (closest to the main island of Krakatoa), Verlaten suffered little damage in the 1883 eruption. Instead, it grew almost 3 times in area due to pumice fall, although most of the gain was quickly eroded away. After the 1883 eruption, Verlaten developed a low spit of land to the north-east with a brackish lake near the end. This lake became a waterfowl haven, but has since been breached by wave erosion.
Lang Island (aka Lesser Krakatoa, or Panjang) – Lang, by contrast, is quite hilly. It suffered only slightly in the 1883 eruption; it actually grew in area from massive pumice fall, although most of the additional area washed away within several years.
Rakata (aka Greater Krakatoa) – Standing 813 metres (2,667 ft) tall, it was the largest and southernmost of three volcanoes that formed the now destroyed island of "Krakatoa" (the others being Danan and Perboewatan) and the only one not obliterated in the eruption of 1883. However, Rakata did lose its northern half in that eruption, leaving just its southern half. The exposed cliff is quite striking visually, partially of a large exposed dike terminating in a large lenticular extrusion at the middle of the almost vertical cliff. The feature has been called "the Eye of Krakatoa."
Anak Krakatoa – Following the 1883 eruption, Krakatoa's lava dome was entirely beneath the surface of the ocean. However, in December 1927, an eruption led to a new island that rose above the waterline. The eruptions were initially of pumice and ash, and that island and the two islands that followed were quickly eroded away by the sea. Eventually a fourth island named Anak Krakatau (meaning "child of Krakatoa" in Indonesian) broke water in August 1930, and produced lava flows more quickly than the waves could erode them.
Former islandsedit
Poolsche Hoed (Dutch: "Polish Hat") – a former small rocky islet between Krakatoa Island and Lang Island, which was destroyed in the 1883 eruption. The name was apparently derived from its appearance from the sea: a sharply angled point, similar to the old-styled caps worn by Poles.
Calmeyer (sometimes spelled Calmejer) – a former island created from volcanic products from the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa, in the Sebesi Channel between Krakatoa Island and Sebesi, which was a fairly shallow area (about 20 meters before the eruption). Calmeyer was somewhat higher than Steers, at about 6.5 meters at the highest spot. The two rather quickly were eroded away by wave action; Calmeyer had broken up into about half a dozen smaller islets by the time of Rogier Verbeek's visit in October 1883, and was gone within two years. Sandbanks bearing the names still remain.
Steers (island) – a former island created from volcanic products from the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa, in the Sebesi Channel between Krakatoa Island and Sebesi. Steers was the slightly larger of the two, but never was more than three meters above the waterline. They were rather quickly eroded away by wave action, and were gone within two years. Sandbanks bearing the names still remain.
Quammen, David (1996). The Song of the Dodo: Island Biogeography in an Age of Extinctions. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 141–151. ISBN0-684-82712-3.
April 18, 2024
krakatoa, archipelago, this, article, includes, list, references, related, reading, external, links, sources, remain, unclear, because, lacks, inline, citations, please, help, improve, this, article, introducing, more, precise, citations, december, 2018, learn. This article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations December 2018 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Krakatoa Archipelago is a small uninhabited archipelago of volcanic islands formed by the Krakatoa stratovolcano located in the Sunda Strait nestled between the much larger islands of Java and Sumatra As of 2018 the archipelago consists of four main islands Verlaten aka Sertung Lang aka Rakata Kecil or Panjang Rakata and the currently volcanically active Anak Krakatoa Together the islands are a part of the Indonesian island arc system created by the northeastward subduction of the Indo Australian Plate As part of a dynamic volcanic system the islands have been continuously reshaped throughout recorded history most notably in the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa Krakatoa ArchipelagoSatellite view of the Krakatoa Archipelago with Anak Krakatoa in the centre Krakatoa ArchipelagoGeographyLocationSunda StraitCoordinates6 06 07 S 105 25 23 E 6 102 S 105 423 E 6 102 105 423Total islands4Administration IndonesiaPolitically the Krakatoa Archipelago lies entirely within Lampung province of Indonesia and forms a part of Ujung Kulon National Park Contents 1 Geology 2 Geography 2 1 Current islands 2 2 Former islands 3 Gallery 4 See also 5 ReferencesGeology edit nbsp The change in topology after the 1883 eruptionFurther information Krakatoa Krakatoa is an active stratovolcano located in Indonesia and lying on the far western rim of the Pacific Ring of Fire Krakatoa is a notably powerful volcano with the 1883 eruption being one of the deadliest and most destructive volcanic events in all of recorded history Geography editCurrent islands edit Verlaten Island aka Sertung Verlaten is a rather low island with a hill in the middle Other than some minor collapse in the southeast closest to the main island of Krakatoa Verlaten suffered little damage in the 1883 eruption Instead it grew almost 3 times in area due to pumice fall although most of the gain was quickly eroded away After the 1883 eruption Verlaten developed a low spit of land to the north east with a brackish lake near the end This lake became a waterfowl haven but has since been breached by wave erosion Lang Island aka Lesser Krakatoa or Panjang Lang by contrast is quite hilly It suffered only slightly in the 1883 eruption it actually grew in area from massive pumice fall although most of the additional area washed away within several years Rakata aka Greater Krakatoa Standing 813 metres 2 667 ft tall it was the largest and southernmost of three volcanoes that formed the now destroyed island of Krakatoa the others being Danan and Perboewatan and the only one not obliterated in the eruption of 1883 However Rakata did lose its northern half in that eruption leaving just its southern half The exposed cliff is quite striking visually partially of a large exposed dike terminating in a large lenticular extrusion at the middle of the almost vertical cliff The feature has been called the Eye of Krakatoa Anak Krakatoa Following the 1883 eruption Krakatoa s lava dome was entirely beneath the surface of the ocean However in December 1927 an eruption led to a new island that rose above the waterline The eruptions were initially of pumice and ash and that island and the two islands that followed were quickly eroded away by the sea Eventually a fourth island named Anak Krakatau meaning child of Krakatoa in Indonesian broke water in August 1930 and produced lava flows more quickly than the waves could erode them Former islands edit Poolsche Hoed Dutch Polish Hat a former small rocky islet between Krakatoa Island and Lang Island which was destroyed in the 1883 eruption The name was apparently derived from its appearance from the sea a sharply angled point similar to the old styled caps worn by Poles Calmeyer sometimes spelled Calmejer a former island created from volcanic products from the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa in the Sebesi Channel between Krakatoa Island and Sebesi which was a fairly shallow area about 20 meters before the eruption Calmeyer was somewhat higher than Steers at about 6 5 meters at the highest spot The two rather quickly were eroded away by wave action Calmeyer had broken up into about half a dozen smaller islets by the time of Rogier Verbeek s visit in October 1883 and was gone within two years Sandbanks bearing the names still remain Steers island a former island created from volcanic products from the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa in the Sebesi Channel between Krakatoa Island and Sebesi Steers was the slightly larger of the two but never was more than three meters above the waterline They were rather quickly eroded away by wave action and were gone within two years Sandbanks bearing the names still remain Gallery editMaps and photographs of the Krakatoa Archipelago nbsp Map of the Sunda Strait Indonesia nbsp Evolution map of the Krakatoa Archipelago between 1880 and 2018 nbsp Birth of Anak Krakatoa in c 1928 nbsp Biogeographical map French of the vegetation in the Krakatoa Archipelago in 1992See also editSebesiReferences editSimkin Tom and Richard S Fiske 1983 Krakatau 1883 the volcanic eruption and its effects Smithsonian Institution Press ISBN 0 87474 841 0 Rupert Furneaux 1964 Krakatoa Prentice Hall ISBN 1111751633 Quammen David 1996 The Song of the Dodo Island Biogeography in an Age of Extinctions New York Simon amp Schuster pp 141 151 ISBN 0 684 82712 3 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Krakatoa archipelago amp oldid 1214731589, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
