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Daniel arap Moi

Daniel Toroitich arap Moi CGH (/ˈm/ MOH-ee; 2 September 1924 – 4 February 2020)[2] was a Kenyan politician who served as the second president of Kenya from 1978 to 2002. He is the country's longest-serving president to date. Moi previously served as the third vice president of Kenya from 1967 to 1978 under President Jomo Kenyatta, becoming the president following the latter's death.[3]

Daniel arap Moi
Moi in 1979
2nd President of Kenya
In office
22 August 1978 – 30 December 2002
Vice President
Preceded byJomo Kenyatta
Succeeded byMwai Kibaki
Chairperson of the OAU
In office
24 June 1981 – 6 June 1983
Preceded bySiaka Stevens
Succeeded byMengistu Haile Mariam
3rd Vice President of Kenya
In office
5 January 1967 – 22 August 1978
PresidentJomo Kenyatta
Preceded byJoseph Murumbi
Succeeded byMwai Kibaki
Minister for Home Affairs
In office
28 December 1964 – 9 April 1978
PresidentJomo Kenyatta
Member of Parliament
In office
5 December 1963 – 20 December 2002
Succeeded byGideon Moi
Constituency
Personal details
Born
Toroitich arap Moi

(1924-09-02)2 September 1924
Sacho, Baringo, Kenya Colony
Died4 February 2020(2020-02-04) (aged 95)
Nairobi, Kenya
Political party
Spouse
Lena Bomett [simple]
(m. 1950; sep. 1974)
[1]
Children8, including Gideon
Alma materTambach TTC
ProfessionTeacher
AwardsSilver World Award (1981)
Signature

Born into the Tugen sub-group of the Kalenjin people in the Kenyan Rift Valley, Moi studied as a boy at the Africa Inland Mission school before training as a teacher at the Tambach teachers training college, working in that profession until 1955. He then entered politics and was elected a member of the Legislative Council for Rift Valley. As independence approached, Moi joined the Kenyan delegation which travelled to London for the Lancaster House Conferences, where the country's first post-independence constitution was drafted. In 1960, he founded the Kenya African Democratic Union (KADU) as a rival party to Kenyatta's Kenya African National Union (KANU). Following independence in 1963 Kenyatta, who became Prime Minister and later President of the new nation, convinced Moi to merge the two parties. Kenyatta appointed Moi to his government in 1964 and then promoted him to vice-president in 1967. Despite opposition from a Kikuyu elite known as the Kiambu Mafia, Kenyatta retained Moi as his Vice President. Moi took over as president when Kenyatta died in 1978.

Initially popular both nationally and in Western countries, who saw his regime as countering against influences from the Eastern Bloc-aligned governments of Ethiopia and Tanzania, Moi's popularity fell around 1990 as the economy stagnated after the end of the Cold War. Following the agitation and external pressure, he was forced to allow multiparty elections in 1991; he then led his party, KANU, to victory in the 1992 and 1997 elections,[4] both of which have generally been regarded as neither free nor fair by independent observers.[5][6][7][8] Constitutionally barred from seeking a third term, Moi chose Uhuru Kenyatta as his successor, but Kenyatta was defeated by opposition leader Mwai Kibaki in the 2002 general election and Kibaki replaced Moi as president. Kenyatta would eventually win the presidency in the 2013 election.

Moi's regime was deemed dictatorial and autocratic, especially before 1992, when Kenya was a one-party state. During this time Moi’s close confidant was tycoon business man Tahir Sheikh Said famously known as TSS, who was the first to import large grain consignments to Kenya during Moi’s regime, which was a huge milestone for Kenya’s grain economy. Tahir Sheikh Said also controlled local politics (Nation, 2014) for Moi in the coast region lining the pockets of hundreds, building schools, and contributing philanthropic acts. The Billionaire businessman was known for his kindness and to his demise in 2017, he succumb to illness, at his height TSS accumulated total net worth of over $1.5 billion USD. His legacy lives on, running school in Mombasa and the famous TSS mosque.[citation needed]

Human rights organisations such as Amnesty International, as well as a special investigation by the United Nations, accused Moi of human rights abuses during his presidency. Inquiries held after the end of his presidency found evidence that Moi and his sons had engaged in significant levels of corruption, including the 1990s Goldenberg scandal.[9]

Early life and entry into politics edit

Moi was born Toroitich arap (son of) Moi, Toroitich meaning "welcome home the cattle" in the Rift Valley village of Kuriengwo, which is now in the Sacho division of Baringo County,[10] Moi's father, Kimoi arap Chebii, died in 1928. Moi was only four then and little is known about his mother, Kabon. What is known is that his elder brother, Tuitoek, became his guardian and that he was one of the herdsboys from Sacho location recommended to join the new Africa Inland Mission (AIM) School at Kabartonjo in 1934 before it was shifted to Kapsabet.[11] He was from the Tugen sub-group of the Kalenjin people.[12]

At the African Mission School at Kabartonjo, Moi became a Christian and adopted the name Daniel.[10] Moi attended Tambach Teachers Training College, after its relocation from Kabartonjo, from 1945 to 1947. This is after the colonial government denied him a chance to enroll at Alliance High School. He later attended Kagumo Teacher's College.[11] and taught classes at Tambach Teacher's Training College. Later he became the headmaster of a school in the Keiyo District. He worked as a teacher from 1946 until 1955.[11]

In 1955 Moi entered politics when he was elected Member of the Legislative Council for Rift Valley. He was the chosen replacement of Dr. John ole Tameno, the former representative who had had to quit due to heavy drinking and suspected connections to the freedom movement.[13] In 1957 Moi was re-elected Member of the Legislative Council for Rift Valley. Moi was part of the Kenyan delegation at the Lancaster House Conferences in London, which drafted the country's first post-independence constitution, and in 1961 became Minister of Education in the pre-independence government.[14]

In 1960 he founded the Kenya African Democratic Union (KADU) with Ronald Ngala as a political alternative to the Kenya African National Union (KANU) led by Jomo Kenyatta. KADU pressed for a federalist constitution, while KANU was in favour of a centralized government. The advantage lay with the numerically stronger KANU, and the first post-independence constitution emphasised national unity, structuring the country as a unitary state.[15]

Vice-Presidency edit

 
Paul Kiplimo Boit with Daniel arap Moi during his sons wedding in 1972 which was held in Kapkong Primary School

After Kenya gained independence on 12 December 1963, Kenyatta convinced Moi that KADU and KANU should be merged to complete the process of decolonisation. Accordingly, KADU dissolved and joined KANU in 1964. The only real challenge to KANU's dominance came from the Kenya People's Union, starting in 1966. That party was banned in 1969, and from that point onward Kenya was a de facto one-party state dominated by the Kĩkũyũ-Luo alliance. However, with an eye on the fertile lands of the Rift Valley populated by members of Moi's Kalenjin tribe, Kenyatta secured their support by first promoting Moi to Minister for Home Affairs in 1964, and then to Vice-President in 1967. As a member of a minority tribe Moi was also an acceptable compromise for the major tribes. Moi was elected to the Kenyan parliament in 1963 from Baringo North. From 1966 until his retirement in 2002 he served as the MP for Baringo Central in addition to his various other offices.[16]

However, Moi faced opposition from the Kikuyu elite known as the Kiambu Mafia, who would have preferred one of their own to accede to the presidency. This resulted in an attempt by the constitutional drafting group to change the constitution to prevent the vice-president automatically assuming power in the event of the president's death.[17] However, many senior Kikuyu politicians, including Mwai Kibaki and Charles Njonjo, as well as Kenyatta himself, opposed such a change to the order of succession, fearing it might lead to political instability if Kenyatta died, given his advanced age and perennial illnesses. Thus, Moi's position as successor to Kenyatta was safeguarded.[18]

Presidency edit

 
Presidential Standard of Daniel Toroitich arap Moi

When Jomo Kenyatta died on 22 August 1978, Moi became acting president. Per the Constitution, a special presidential election for the balance of Kenyatta's term was to be held on 8 November, 90 days later. However, a Cabinet meeting decided that no-one else was interested in running for president and thus various politicians began campaigning across the country for Moi to be declared unopposed. He was therefore sworn in as the second President of Kenya on 14 October 1978 as a result of the walkover electoral process.[19][20]

 
Moi with Queen Juliana and Prince Bernhard during his state visit to the Netherlands in June 1979

In the beginning, Moi was popular, with widespread support all over the country. He toured the country and came into contact with the people everywhere, which was in great contrast to Kenyatta's imperious style of government from behind closed doors. However, political realities dictated that he would continue to be beholden to the system of government that Kenyatta had created and to whose headship he had acceded, including the nearly dictatorial powers vested in his office. Despite his popularity, Moi was still unable to fully consolidate his power. From the beginning, anti-communism was an important theme of Moi's government; speaking on the new President's behalf, Vice-President Mwai Kibaki bluntly stated, "There is no room for Communists in Kenya."[21]

On 1 August 1982, lower-level Air Force personnel, led by Senior Private Grade-I Hezekiah Ochuka and backed by university students, attempted a coup d'état to oust Moi. The revolt was quickly suppressed by military and police forces commanded by Chief of General Staff Mahamoud Mohamed.[22] There may have been two or even three independent groups attempting to seize power at the same time, for differing reasons, but the most serious was led by prominent Kikuyu politicians and members of the police and armed forces.[23]

Moi took the opportunity to dismiss political opponents and consolidate his power. He reduced the influence of Kenyatta's men in the cabinet through a long-running judicial enquiry that resulted in the identification of key Kenyatta men as traitors. Moi pardoned them but not before establishing their traitor status in the public view. The main conspirators in the coup, including Ochuka, were sentenced to death, marking the last judicial executions in Kenya.[24] He appointed supporters to key roles and changed the constitution to formally make KANU the only legally permitted party in the country. However, this made little practical difference to the political situation, as all significant opposition parties had been outlawed since 1969. Kenya's academics and other intelligentsia did not accept this and educational institutions across the country became the site of movements that sought to introduce democratic reforms. However, Kenyan secret police infiltrated these groups and many members moved into exile. Marxism could no longer be taught at Kenyan universities. The remaining opposition at home went underground.[25]

 
Moi welcoming Hastings Banda to Kenya

Starting in the late 1980s, Moi's regime faced the end of the Cold War, as well as a national economy stagnating under rising oil prices and falling prices for agricultural commodities. Western governments also became more hostile to the KANU regime, a change of policy from the time of the Cold War, when Kenya had been viewed as an important regional stabilizer, preventing the spread of Soviet influence beyond Ethiopia, Somalia, and Tanzania. During that time, Kenya had received much foreign aid, and the country was accepted as a stable, if authoritarian, regime with Moi and the KANU firmly in charge. Western allies overlooked the increasing degree of political repression, including the use of torture at the infamous Nyayo House torture chambers. Some of the evidence of these torture cells was exposed in 2003 after opposition leader Mwai Kibaki became president.[26]

 
Daniel arap Moi of Kenya is welcomed upon his arrival for a visit to the United States on 28 September 1981.

With the fall of the Soviet Union and a lessening need to counter socialist influence in the region, Western policymakers changed their policy towards Moi, increasingly regarding him as a despotic ruler rather than an important regional stabilizer. Foreign aid was withheld pending compliance with economic and political reforms. One of the key conditions imposed on his regime, especially by the United States through fiery ambassador Smith Hempstone, was the restoration of a multi-party system. Despite his own lack of enthusiasm for the reintroduction of a multi-party system, Moi managed to win over his party who were against the reform. Moi announced his intention to repeal Section 2(A) of the constitution, lifting the ban on opposition parties, at a KANU conference in Kasarani in December 1991. Despite fierce debate and opposition from many delegates, the conference passed the motion unanimously.[27]

Despite the presence of opposition parties, Moi and the KANU were returned to power in the first multi-party elections in 1992 and once again in 1997. Both elections were marred by political violence on the part of both the government and opposition forces. Moi skilfully exploited Kenya's mix of ethnic tensions in these contests, gaining a plurality in both elections through a mix of picking up votes across the country while his opponents' support was more concentrated, attracting votes a wide of smaller tribes and the Luhya, and taking advantage of fears of Kikuyu domination over the non-Kikuyu majority.[28] In the absence of an effective and organised opposition, Moi had no difficulty in winning. Although it is also suspected that electoral fraud may have occurred, the key to his victory in both elections was a divided opposition. In 1992 he polled 36.3% of the votes, and in 1997 he received 40.4%, but both were comfortable victories due to vote-splitting between the various opposition groups, which failed to field a unity opposition candidate.[28]

Criticism and corruption allegations edit

 
Nyayo Monument, located in Central Park in Nairobi, was built in 1988 to commemorate the 10-year anniversary of Daniel Arap Moi's presidency.

In 1999 the findings of NGOs like Amnesty International and a special investigation by the United Nations were published which indicated that human rights abuses were prevalent in Kenya under the Moi regime.[29][30]

Reporting on corruption and human rights abuses by British reporter Mary Anne Fitzgerald from 1987 to 1988 resulted in her being vilified by the government and finally deported.[31] Moi was implicated in the 1990s Goldenberg scandal and subsequent cover-ups, where the Kenyan government subsidised exports of gold far in excess of the foreign currency earnings of exporters. In this case, the gold was smuggled from Congo, as Kenya has negligible gold reserves. The Goldenberg scandal cost Kenya the equivalent of more than 10% of the country's annual GDP.[32]

 
International environmental conference in the Peace Palace in The Hague, 11 March 1989

Half-hearted inquiries that began at the request of foreign aid donors never amounted to anything substantial during Moi's presidency.[33][34] Although it appears that the peaceful transfer of power to Mwai Kibaki may have involved an understanding that Moi would not stand trial for offences committed during his presidency, foreign aid donors reiterated their requests, and Kibaki reopened the inquiry. As the inquiry has progressed, Moi, his two sons, Philip and Gideon (now a Senator), and his daughter, June, as well as a host of high-ranking Kenyans, have been implicated. In testimony delivered in late July 2003, Treasury Permanent Secretary Joseph Magari recounted that, in 1991, Moi ordered him to pay Ksh34.5 million ($460,000) to Goldenberg, contrary to the laws then in force.[35]

 
President Moi with U.S. President George W. Bush in New York in 2001

Wangari Maathai discusses Moi's actions during the 1980s and early 1990s in systematically attempting to dismantle the Greenbelt Movement after Maathai voiced displeasure at the government's attempts to build an office tower in Uhuru Park. According to Maathai, Moi's actions included removing the Greenbelt Movement from government provided office space and attempting to cut off funding from international donors by limiting funding through government sanctioned bodies.[36] Maathai also discusses Moi's tactics during the beginning of the multiparty movement in the 1990s (see Forum for the Restoration of Democracy) whereby Moi announced the military would take over the government before the December 1992 elections. Maathai received communication during that time that an assassination list had been drawn up, and noted the mysterious deaths of Bishop Alexander Muge and Robert Ouko.[37] The Release Political Prisoners party was also formed in the early 1990s to secure the release of political prisoners of the Moi regime and to protest state-sanctioned torture and random imprisonment. The police dispersed the protestors and many of the mothers of these political prisoners from Freedom Corner in Uhuru Park on March 3, 1992. After a yearlong vigil and hunger strike by many of the mothers of these political prisoners in the Anglican All Saints Cathedral near Uhuru Park, the government released 51 prisoners en masse in early 1993.[37]

In October 2006, Moi was found by the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes to have taken a bribe from a Pakistani businessman, to award a monopoly of duty-free shops at the country's international airports in Mombasa and Nairobi. The businessman, Ali Nasir, claimed to have paid Moi US$2 million in cash to obtain government approval for the World Duty Free Limited investment in Kenya.[38]

On 31 August 2007, WikiLeaks published a secret report that laid bare a web of shell companies, secret trusts and frontmen that his entourage had used to funnel hundreds of millions of pounds into nearly 30 countries.[39]

Retirement edit

 
US President George W. Bush welcomes President Daniel arap Moi of Kenya and Prime Minister Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia to the Oval Office, 2002.

Moi was constitutionally barred from running in the 2002 presidential elections. Some of his supporters floated the idea of amending the constitution to allow him to run for a third term, but Moi preferred to retire, choosing Uhuru Kenyatta, the son of Kenya's first President, as his successor.[40] However, Mwai Kibaki was elected president by a two to one majority over Kenyatta, which was confirmed on 29 December 2002. At that point Kibaki required the use of a wheelchair, having narrowly escaped death in a road traffic accident on the campaign trail. Moi handed over power in a poorly organised ceremony that had one of the largest crowds ever seen in Nairobi in attendance. The crowd was openly hostile to Moi.[41]

After leaving office in December 2002, Moi lived in retirement, largely shunned by the political establishment. However, he still retained some popularity with the masses, and his presence never failed to gather a crowd. He spoke out against a proposal for a new constitution in 2005; according to Moi, the document was contrary to the aspirations of the Kenyan people. After the proposal was defeated in a November 2005 constitutional referendum, President Kibaki called Moi to arrange for a meeting to discuss the way forward.

On 25 July 2007, Kibaki appointed Moi as special peace envoy to Sudan, referring to Moi's "vast experience and knowledge of African affairs" and "his stature as an elder statesman". In his capacity as peace envoy, Moi's primary task was to help secure peace in southern Sudan, where an agreement, signed in early 2005, was being implemented. At the time, the Kenyan press speculated that Moi and Kibaki were planning an alliance ahead of the December 2007 election.[42] On 28 August 2007, Moi announced his support for Kibaki's re-election and said that he would campaign for Kibaki. He sharply criticised the two opposition Orange Democratic Movement factions, arguing that they were tribal in nature.[43][44]

Moi owned the Kiptagich Tea Factory, established in 1979, which has been involved in controversy. In 2009 the factory was under threat of being closed down by the government during the Mau Forest evictions.[45]

Personal life edit

Moi was married to Lena Moi [simple] (née Helena Bomett) from 1950 until their separation in 1974, before his assumption of the presidency. Lena's parents, the Paul Bomett family, were pioneer Christians in Eldama Ravine. They respected Moi, the young, tall, handsome and well-mannered orphan boy.[11]

It was at the Bometts that Moi sought shelter during school holidays, unable to return home, 160 kilometres away, like the older boys.[11] He would also stay at the home of the Christian family of Isaiah Chesire, the father of Kanu's nominated MP Zipporah Kittony, and former Eldoret North MP Reuben Chesire.[11]

In 1950, after leaving Kagumo Teacher's College, Moi, who had been dating Lena, married her in a church wedding officiated by Erik Barnett, the son of Albert Barnett (after whom Kabarnet Town is named) at the AIC mission in Eldama Ravine after he paid two heifers, one ox, and four sheep to the Bomett family. Moi's long-time friend, Francis Cherogony, was the best man. With the marriage, Lena abandoned her career as a teacher and immersed herself in bringing up her family, settling down with Moi at Tambach Government School, where his first two children, Jennifer and Jonathan Kipkemboi, were born in 1952 and 1953 respectively.[11]

Daniel arap Moi had eight children, five sons and three daughters. Among the children are Gideon Moi, who had a political career of his own in Kenya and Jonathan Toroitich (a former rally driver, died 2019) and Philip Moi (a retired army officer).[46][47] His older and only brother William Tuitoek died in 1995.[48] He was a lifelong member of the Africa Inland Mission Church, following his enrollment at the church's school with fellow acquaintance Sammy C. and Philip M. in 1934 .[12]

Moi was the founder and patron of major schools in Kenya which include Moi Educational Centre, Kabarak High School, Kabarak University[49] and Sunshine Secondary Schools, and Sacho Primary and Secondary, among others.[50]

Death edit

In October 2019, President Moi was hospitalized under critical condition at The Nairobi Hospital due to complications of pleural effusion.[51] He was discharged in November 2019, only to be hospitalized again days later for knee surgery.[52] He developed respiratory complications and underwent a tracheotomy.[53] A month later, he suffered from gastrointestinal hemorrhage which led to multiple organ failure and was placed on life-support.[53]

Moi died at The Nairobi Hospital on the early morning of 4 February 2020, at the age of 95, in the presence of family. However, during Moi's memorial service on 9 February 2020 at his Kabarnet Gardens home in Nairobi, his son Raymond, told congregants that he was 105 years old at the time of his death.[54] Moi's body lay at the state on parliament building for public view for three days, from 8 February to 10 February 2020. A state funeral service was conducted at Nyayo Stadium on 11 February 2020, before the burial in his Kabarak home in Nakuru county.[55][56][57][58] He was buried at his Kabarak home on 12 February 2020,[59] complete with military honors which included a 19-gun salute followed by a missing man formation flyby.[60] His grave is next to his former wife Lena Bomett.[60]

Legacy edit

Eponyms edit

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ John Kamau (17 November 2013). "The First Lady Kenya never had". Retrieved 18 November 2013.
  2. ^ East, Roger; Thomas, Richard J. (3 June 2014). Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders. Routledge. ISBN 9781317639404.
  3. ^ Live updates and photos: Mzee Moi's remains at Parliament Buildings.
  4. ^ State House. . State House. Archived from the original on 5 July 2014. Retrieved 19 August 2012.
  5. ^ Carver, Richard (1 January 1994). "Kenya Since the Elections". Refworld. WRITENET. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  6. ^ Atwood, J. Brian (2 September 1992). "Kenya's Rigged Election". csmonitor.com. The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  7. ^ Ajulu, Rok (June 1998). "Kenya's Democracy Experiment: The 1997 Elections". Review of African Political Economy. 25 (76). Taylor & Francis, Ltd.: 275–285. doi:10.1080/03056249808704315. ISSN 0305-6244. JSTOR 4006548. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  8. ^ Arne Tostensen, Bård-Anders Andreassen and Kjetil Tronvoll (February 1998). "Kenya's hobbled democracy revisited: the 1997 general elections in retrospect and prospect". Human Rights Reports (2). Norwegian Institute of Human Rights. OCLC 41330580. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  9. ^ Kenya's former President Daniel arap Moi has died, aged 96[permanent dead link] Al Jazeera, 4 February 2020
  10. ^ a b McFadden, Robert D. (3 February 2020). "Daniel arap Moi, Who Ruled Kenya for Decades, Dies at 96". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g "ARCHIVE: The First Lady Kenya never had". The East African. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
  12. ^ a b Gabrielle Lynch (4 February 2020). "How Daniel arap Moi became Kenya's "big man" president". Quartz Africa.
  13. ^ . Standard Digital News. Archived from the original on 12 January 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  14. ^ "Obituary: Daniel arap Moi, former Kenyan president". BBC News. 4 February 2020.
  15. ^ David M. Anderson (July 2005). "'Yours in Struggle for Majimbo'. Nationalism and the Party Politics of Decolonization in Kenya, 1955-64". Journal of Contemporary History. 40 (3): 547–564. doi:10.1177/0022009405054571. JSTOR 30036342. S2CID 143835439.
  16. ^ Hon. Wanyiri Kihoro (2007) Center for Multiparty Democracy
  17. ^ Ephalina A. Maina; Wycliffe A. Oboka; Julius Makong'o. History and Government. East African Publishers. p. 174. ISBN 9789966253330.
  18. ^ David K. Leonard (1991). African Successes: Four Public Managers of Kenyan Rural Development. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS. pp. 168–169.
  19. ^ Simiyu Wandibba (1996). Masinde Muliro: A Biography. East African Publishers. p. 28. ISBN 9789966467652.
  20. ^ The Weekly Review. Stellascope Limited. 1988. p. 11.
  21. ^ Miller, Norman and Rodger Yeager. Kenya: The Quest for Prosperity (second edition). Page 173.
  22. ^ Society. Nyamora Communications Limited. 1992. p. 12.
  23. ^ David Throup; Charles Hornsby (1998). Multi-party Politics in Kenya: The Kenyatta & Moi States & the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election. James Currey Publishers. p. 31. ISBN 9780852558041.
  24. ^ Joseph Ndunda (7 September 2016). "No hanging since 1987: Is death penalty still relevant?". The Star.
  25. ^ Stephen Mburu (12 March 2000). . Archived from the original on 4 February 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
  26. ^ News From Africa, March 2003: Stunning revelations 10 July 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  27. ^ David Throup; Charles Hornsby (1998). Multi-party Politics in Kenya: The Kenyatta & Moi States & the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election. James Currey Publishers. pp. 86–87. ISBN 9780852558041.
  28. ^ a b Michael Cowen; Liisa Laakso (2002). Multi-party Elections in Africa. James Currey Publishers. pp. 141–142. ISBN 9780852558430.
  29. ^ . Amnesty International Report 2000. Archived from the original on 30 November 2005. Retrieved 12 December 2005.
  30. ^ . Misc. reports concerning abuse of human rights in Kenya. Archived from the original on 22 June 2011. Retrieved 12 December 2005.
  31. ^ Secretariat of the I.P.I. (1989). "IPI Report". 38: 5. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  32. ^ "Moi 'ordered' Goldenberg payment". BBC News. 17 February 2004.
  33. ^ Steven Greenhouse (27 November 1991). "AID DONORS INSIST ON KENYA REFORMS". New York Times.
  34. ^ John Githongo (25 October 2000). "Corruption: Are We Innocent?". Kenya Museum Society. p. 6.
  35. ^ Kenya: Corruption Scandal William Karanja, World Press Review correspondent. From the October 2003 issue of World Press Review (Vol. 50, No. 10)
  36. ^ Wangari Maathai (2006). Unbowed: a memoir. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 184–205. ISBN 0307263487.
  37. ^ a b Wangari Maathai (2006). Unbowed: a memoir. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 206–229. ISBN 0307263487.
  38. ^ International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) 15 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine World Duty Free Company Ltd. v. Kenya (4 October 2006)
  39. ^ The looting of Kenya. Guardian. 31 August 2007. Retrieved on 6 September 2011.
  40. ^ Marc Lacey (13 October 2002). "Kenya's Leader to Step Down but Not Out". New York Times.
  41. ^ "Kibaki sworn in as Kenyan president". The Guardian. 30 December 2002.
  42. ^ C. Bryson Hull, Kenya names ex-leader special envoy to Sudan 31 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Reuters (IOL), 26 July 2007.
  43. ^ , The Standard (Kenya), 28 August 2007.
  44. ^ Lucas Barasa and Benjamin Muindi, "Kenya: Moi Endorses Kibaki for Second Term", The Nation (Nairobi), 28 August 2007.
  45. ^ Daily Nation, 22 December 2009: MP vows to fight Moi eviction bid 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  46. ^ Ghanaweb.com, 15 April 2005: His other son Raymond Moi is member of parliament, Rongai constituency in Nakuru County.DOCUMENT: Rawlings' Speech at the APARC
  47. ^ The Standard, 1 August 2004: Humble in life, great in death 7 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  48. ^ Daily Nation, 28 January 2002: A choice of seven grand homes: Which will Moi opt for?
  49. ^ "Kenya's Top Private Chartered institution of higher learning". Welcome to Kabarak University - Kenya. Retrieved 15 February 2020.
  50. ^ E. A. Livingstone; M. W. D. Sparks; R. W. Peacocke (12 September 2013). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Oxford University Press. pp. 314–. ISBN 978-0-19-965962-3.
  51. ^ . Mphaso. 29 October 2019. Archived from the original on 4 February 2020. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
  52. ^ "Ex-President Moi rushed back to Nairobi Hospital, again". The Star. 11 November 2019.
  53. ^ a b "How former President Daniel arap Moi fought for life". The East African. 5 February 2020.
  54. ^ "Raymond: Moi was 130 years old". Standard Digital. 10 February 2020.
  55. ^ "Kenya's Daniel arap Moi: Thousands pack stadium for funeral". BBC News. 11 February 2020.
  56. ^ "Daniel Toroitich arap Moi, Who Ruled Kenya for Decades, Dies at 96". The New York Times. 4 February 2020.
  57. ^ "PRESIDENTIAL PROCLAMATION - With Respect To - THE DEATH OF H.E. DANIEL TOROITICH arap MOI, C.G.H." State House (Kenya). 4 February 2020.
  58. ^ Olewe, Dickens (4 February 2020). "Kenya's former President Daniel arap Moi dies aged 95". BBC News Online. Retrieved 11 February 2020.
  59. ^ "Moi to be buried at Kabarak home in Nakuru, family says » Capital News". 4 February 2020.
  60. ^ a b Moi sent off with 19-gun salute — VIDEO, retrieved 12 February 2020
  61. ^ a b c d e f g h Babu Tendu (4 February 2020). "Famous places named after former president Daniel Moi". The Standard.
  62. ^ "Kenya's former President Daniel arap Moi dies aged 95". Nation News Online. 1 June 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2023.

External links edit

  • , Washington, DC (USA) – February 2000 (an AFRICAN CONNECTIONS documentary)
Political offices
Preceded by Vice-President of Kenya
1967 – 1978
Succeeded by
Preceded by President of Kenya
1978 – 2002
Succeeded by

daniel, arap, this, article, about, person, whose, name, includes, patronymic, such, this, person, should, normally, referred, their, given, name, daniel, daniel, toroitich, arap, september, 1924, february, 2020, kenyan, politician, served, second, president, . This article is about a person whose name includes a patronymic As such this person should normally be referred to by their given name Daniel Daniel Toroitich arap Moi CGH ˈ m oʊ iː MOH ee 2 September 1924 4 February 2020 2 was a Kenyan politician who served as the second president of Kenya from 1978 to 2002 He is the country s longest serving president to date Moi previously served as the third vice president of Kenya from 1967 to 1978 under President Jomo Kenyatta becoming the president following the latter s death 3 His ExcellencyDaniel arap MoiCGHMoi in 19792nd President of KenyaIn office 22 August 1978 30 December 2002Vice PresidentMwai Kibaki Josephat Karanja George Saitoti Musalia MudavadiPreceded byJomo KenyattaSucceeded byMwai KibakiChairperson of the OAUIn office 24 June 1981 6 June 1983Preceded bySiaka StevensSucceeded byMengistu Haile Mariam3rd Vice President of KenyaIn office 5 January 1967 22 August 1978PresidentJomo KenyattaPreceded byJoseph MurumbiSucceeded byMwai KibakiMinister for Home AffairsIn office 28 December 1964 9 April 1978PresidentJomo KenyattaMember of ParliamentIn office 5 December 1963 20 December 2002Succeeded byGideon MoiConstituencyBaringo North 1963 1967 Baringo Central 1967 2002 Personal detailsBornToroitich arap Moi 1924 09 02 2 September 1924Sacho Baringo Kenya ColonyDied4 February 2020 2020 02 04 aged 95 Nairobi KenyaPolitical partyKANU KADU 1960 1964 SpouseLena Bomett simple m 1950 sep 1974 wbr 1 Children8 including GideonAlma materTambach TTCProfessionTeacherAwardsSilver World Award 1981 SignatureBorn into the Tugen sub group of the Kalenjin people in the Kenyan Rift Valley Moi studied as a boy at the Africa Inland Mission school before training as a teacher at the Tambach teachers training college working in that profession until 1955 He then entered politics and was elected a member of the Legislative Council for Rift Valley As independence approached Moi joined the Kenyan delegation which travelled to London for the Lancaster House Conferences where the country s first post independence constitution was drafted In 1960 he founded the Kenya African Democratic Union KADU as a rival party to Kenyatta s Kenya African National Union KANU Following independence in 1963 Kenyatta who became Prime Minister and later President of the new nation convinced Moi to merge the two parties Kenyatta appointed Moi to his government in 1964 and then promoted him to vice president in 1967 Despite opposition from a Kikuyu elite known as the Kiambu Mafia Kenyatta retained Moi as his Vice President Moi took over as president when Kenyatta died in 1978 Initially popular both nationally and in Western countries who saw his regime as countering against influences from the Eastern Bloc aligned governments of Ethiopia and Tanzania Moi s popularity fell around 1990 as the economy stagnated after the end of the Cold War Following the agitation and external pressure he was forced to allow multiparty elections in 1991 he then led his party KANU to victory in the 1992 and 1997 elections 4 both of which have generally been regarded as neither free nor fair by independent observers 5 6 7 8 Constitutionally barred from seeking a third term Moi chose Uhuru Kenyatta as his successor but Kenyatta was defeated by opposition leader Mwai Kibaki in the 2002 general election and Kibaki replaced Moi as president Kenyatta would eventually win the presidency in the 2013 election Moi s regime was deemed dictatorial and autocratic especially before 1992 when Kenya was a one party state During this time Moi s close confidant was tycoon business man Tahir Sheikh Said famously known as TSS who was the first to import large grain consignments to Kenya during Moi s regime which was a huge milestone for Kenya s grain economy Tahir Sheikh Said also controlled local politics Nation 2014 for Moi in the coast region lining the pockets of hundreds building schools and contributing philanthropic acts The Billionaire businessman was known for his kindness and to his demise in 2017 he succumb to illness at his height TSS accumulated total net worth of over 1 5 billion USD His legacy lives on running school in Mombasa and the famous TSS mosque citation needed Human rights organisations such as Amnesty International as well as a special investigation by the United Nations accused Moi of human rights abuses during his presidency Inquiries held after the end of his presidency found evidence that Moi and his sons had engaged in significant levels of corruption including the 1990s Goldenberg scandal 9 Contents 1 Early life and entry into politics 2 Vice Presidency 3 Presidency 4 Criticism and corruption allegations 5 Retirement 6 Personal life 7 Death 8 Legacy 8 1 Eponyms 9 See also 10 References 11 External linksEarly life and entry into politics editMoi was born Toroitich arap son of Moi Toroitich meaning welcome home the cattle in the Rift Valley village of Kuriengwo which is now in the Sacho division of Baringo County 10 Moi s father Kimoi arap Chebii died in 1928 Moi was only four then and little is known about his mother Kabon What is known is that his elder brother Tuitoek became his guardian and that he was one of the herdsboys from Sacho location recommended to join the new Africa Inland Mission AIM School at Kabartonjo in 1934 before it was shifted to Kapsabet 11 He was from the Tugen sub group of the Kalenjin people 12 At the African Mission School at Kabartonjo Moi became a Christian and adopted the name Daniel 10 Moi attended Tambach Teachers Training College after its relocation from Kabartonjo from 1945 to 1947 This is after the colonial government denied him a chance to enroll at Alliance High School He later attended Kagumo Teacher s College 11 and taught classes at Tambach Teacher s Training College Later he became the headmaster of a school in the Keiyo District He worked as a teacher from 1946 until 1955 11 In 1955 Moi entered politics when he was elected Member of the Legislative Council for Rift Valley He was the chosen replacement of Dr John ole Tameno the former representative who had had to quit due to heavy drinking and suspected connections to the freedom movement 13 In 1957 Moi was re elected Member of the Legislative Council for Rift Valley Moi was part of the Kenyan delegation at the Lancaster House Conferences in London which drafted the country s first post independence constitution and in 1961 became Minister of Education in the pre independence government 14 In 1960 he founded the Kenya African Democratic Union KADU with Ronald Ngala as a political alternative to the Kenya African National Union KANU led by Jomo Kenyatta KADU pressed for a federalist constitution while KANU was in favour of a centralized government The advantage lay with the numerically stronger KANU and the first post independence constitution emphasised national unity structuring the country as a unitary state 15 Vice Presidency edit nbsp Paul Kiplimo Boit with Daniel arap Moi during his sons wedding in 1972 which was held in Kapkong Primary SchoolAfter Kenya gained independence on 12 December 1963 Kenyatta convinced Moi that KADU and KANU should be merged to complete the process of decolonisation Accordingly KADU dissolved and joined KANU in 1964 The only real challenge to KANU s dominance came from the Kenya People s Union starting in 1966 That party was banned in 1969 and from that point onward Kenya was a de facto one party state dominated by the Kĩkũyũ Luo alliance However with an eye on the fertile lands of the Rift Valley populated by members of Moi s Kalenjin tribe Kenyatta secured their support by first promoting Moi to Minister for Home Affairs in 1964 and then to Vice President in 1967 As a member of a minority tribe Moi was also an acceptable compromise for the major tribes Moi was elected to the Kenyan parliament in 1963 from Baringo North From 1966 until his retirement in 2002 he served as the MP for Baringo Central in addition to his various other offices 16 However Moi faced opposition from the Kikuyu elite known as the Kiambu Mafia who would have preferred one of their own to accede to the presidency This resulted in an attempt by the constitutional drafting group to change the constitution to prevent the vice president automatically assuming power in the event of the president s death 17 However many senior Kikuyu politicians including Mwai Kibaki and Charles Njonjo as well as Kenyatta himself opposed such a change to the order of succession fearing it might lead to political instability if Kenyatta died given his advanced age and perennial illnesses Thus Moi s position as successor to Kenyatta was safeguarded 18 Presidency edit nbsp Presidential Standard of Daniel Toroitich arap MoiWhen Jomo Kenyatta died on 22 August 1978 Moi became acting president Per the Constitution a special presidential election for the balance of Kenyatta s term was to be held on 8 November 90 days later However a Cabinet meeting decided that no one else was interested in running for president and thus various politicians began campaigning across the country for Moi to be declared unopposed He was therefore sworn in as the second President of Kenya on 14 October 1978 as a result of the walkover electoral process 19 20 nbsp Moi with Queen Juliana and Prince Bernhard during his state visit to the Netherlands in June 1979In the beginning Moi was popular with widespread support all over the country He toured the country and came into contact with the people everywhere which was in great contrast to Kenyatta s imperious style of government from behind closed doors However political realities dictated that he would continue to be beholden to the system of government that Kenyatta had created and to whose headship he had acceded including the nearly dictatorial powers vested in his office Despite his popularity Moi was still unable to fully consolidate his power From the beginning anti communism was an important theme of Moi s government speaking on the new President s behalf Vice President Mwai Kibaki bluntly stated There is no room for Communists in Kenya 21 On 1 August 1982 lower level Air Force personnel led by Senior Private Grade I Hezekiah Ochuka and backed by university students attempted a coup d etat to oust Moi The revolt was quickly suppressed by military and police forces commanded by Chief of General Staff Mahamoud Mohamed 22 There may have been two or even three independent groups attempting to seize power at the same time for differing reasons but the most serious was led by prominent Kikuyu politicians and members of the police and armed forces 23 Moi took the opportunity to dismiss political opponents and consolidate his power He reduced the influence of Kenyatta s men in the cabinet through a long running judicial enquiry that resulted in the identification of key Kenyatta men as traitors Moi pardoned them but not before establishing their traitor status in the public view The main conspirators in the coup including Ochuka were sentenced to death marking the last judicial executions in Kenya 24 He appointed supporters to key roles and changed the constitution to formally make KANU the only legally permitted party in the country However this made little practical difference to the political situation as all significant opposition parties had been outlawed since 1969 Kenya s academics and other intelligentsia did not accept this and educational institutions across the country became the site of movements that sought to introduce democratic reforms However Kenyan secret police infiltrated these groups and many members moved into exile Marxism could no longer be taught at Kenyan universities The remaining opposition at home went underground 25 nbsp Moi welcoming Hastings Banda to KenyaStarting in the late 1980s Moi s regime faced the end of the Cold War as well as a national economy stagnating under rising oil prices and falling prices for agricultural commodities Western governments also became more hostile to the KANU regime a change of policy from the time of the Cold War when Kenya had been viewed as an important regional stabilizer preventing the spread of Soviet influence beyond Ethiopia Somalia and Tanzania During that time Kenya had received much foreign aid and the country was accepted as a stable if authoritarian regime with Moi and the KANU firmly in charge Western allies overlooked the increasing degree of political repression including the use of torture at the infamous Nyayo House torture chambers Some of the evidence of these torture cells was exposed in 2003 after opposition leader Mwai Kibaki became president 26 nbsp Daniel arap Moi of Kenya is welcomed upon his arrival for a visit to the United States on 28 September 1981 With the fall of the Soviet Union and a lessening need to counter socialist influence in the region Western policymakers changed their policy towards Moi increasingly regarding him as a despotic ruler rather than an important regional stabilizer Foreign aid was withheld pending compliance with economic and political reforms One of the key conditions imposed on his regime especially by the United States through fiery ambassador Smith Hempstone was the restoration of a multi party system Despite his own lack of enthusiasm for the reintroduction of a multi party system Moi managed to win over his party who were against the reform Moi announced his intention to repeal Section 2 A of the constitution lifting the ban on opposition parties at a KANU conference in Kasarani in December 1991 Despite fierce debate and opposition from many delegates the conference passed the motion unanimously 27 Despite the presence of opposition parties Moi and the KANU were returned to power in the first multi party elections in 1992 and once again in 1997 Both elections were marred by political violence on the part of both the government and opposition forces Moi skilfully exploited Kenya s mix of ethnic tensions in these contests gaining a plurality in both elections through a mix of picking up votes across the country while his opponents support was more concentrated attracting votes a wide of smaller tribes and the Luhya and taking advantage of fears of Kikuyu domination over the non Kikuyu majority 28 In the absence of an effective and organised opposition Moi had no difficulty in winning Although it is also suspected that electoral fraud may have occurred the key to his victory in both elections was a divided opposition In 1992 he polled 36 3 of the votes and in 1997 he received 40 4 but both were comfortable victories due to vote splitting between the various opposition groups which failed to field a unity opposition candidate 28 Criticism and corruption allegations editSee also Corruption in Kenya and Goldenberg scandal nbsp Nyayo Monument located in Central Park in Nairobi was built in 1988 to commemorate the 10 year anniversary of Daniel Arap Moi s presidency In 1999 the findings of NGOs like Amnesty International and a special investigation by the United Nations were published which indicated that human rights abuses were prevalent in Kenya under the Moi regime 29 30 Reporting on corruption and human rights abuses by British reporter Mary Anne Fitzgerald from 1987 to 1988 resulted in her being vilified by the government and finally deported 31 Moi was implicated in the 1990s Goldenberg scandal and subsequent cover ups where the Kenyan government subsidised exports of gold far in excess of the foreign currency earnings of exporters In this case the gold was smuggled from Congo as Kenya has negligible gold reserves The Goldenberg scandal cost Kenya the equivalent of more than 10 of the country s annual GDP 32 nbsp International environmental conference in the Peace Palace in The Hague 11 March 1989Half hearted inquiries that began at the request of foreign aid donors never amounted to anything substantial during Moi s presidency 33 34 Although it appears that the peaceful transfer of power to Mwai Kibaki may have involved an understanding that Moi would not stand trial for offences committed during his presidency foreign aid donors reiterated their requests and Kibaki reopened the inquiry As the inquiry has progressed Moi his two sons Philip and Gideon now a Senator and his daughter June as well as a host of high ranking Kenyans have been implicated In testimony delivered in late July 2003 Treasury Permanent Secretary Joseph Magari recounted that in 1991 Moi ordered him to pay Ksh34 5 million 460 000 to Goldenberg contrary to the laws then in force 35 nbsp President Moi with U S President George W Bush in New York in 2001Wangari Maathai discusses Moi s actions during the 1980s and early 1990s in systematically attempting to dismantle the Greenbelt Movement after Maathai voiced displeasure at the government s attempts to build an office tower in Uhuru Park According to Maathai Moi s actions included removing the Greenbelt Movement from government provided office space and attempting to cut off funding from international donors by limiting funding through government sanctioned bodies 36 Maathai also discusses Moi s tactics during the beginning of the multiparty movement in the 1990s see Forum for the Restoration of Democracy whereby Moi announced the military would take over the government before the December 1992 elections Maathai received communication during that time that an assassination list had been drawn up and noted the mysterious deaths of Bishop Alexander Muge and Robert Ouko 37 The Release Political Prisoners party was also formed in the early 1990s to secure the release of political prisoners of the Moi regime and to protest state sanctioned torture and random imprisonment The police dispersed the protestors and many of the mothers of these political prisoners from Freedom Corner in Uhuru Park on March 3 1992 After a yearlong vigil and hunger strike by many of the mothers of these political prisoners in the Anglican All Saints Cathedral near Uhuru Park the government released 51 prisoners en masse in early 1993 37 In October 2006 Moi was found by the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes to have taken a bribe from a Pakistani businessman to award a monopoly of duty free shops at the country s international airports in Mombasa and Nairobi The businessman Ali Nasir claimed to have paid Moi US 2 million in cash to obtain government approval for the World Duty Free Limited investment in Kenya 38 On 31 August 2007 WikiLeaks published a secret report that laid bare a web of shell companies secret trusts and frontmen that his entourage had used to funnel hundreds of millions of pounds into nearly 30 countries 39 Retirement edit nbsp US President George W Bush welcomes President Daniel arap Moi of Kenya and Prime Minister Meles Zenawi of Ethiopia to the Oval Office 2002 Moi was constitutionally barred from running in the 2002 presidential elections Some of his supporters floated the idea of amending the constitution to allow him to run for a third term but Moi preferred to retire choosing Uhuru Kenyatta the son of Kenya s first President as his successor 40 However Mwai Kibaki was elected president by a two to one majority over Kenyatta which was confirmed on 29 December 2002 At that point Kibaki required the use of a wheelchair having narrowly escaped death in a road traffic accident on the campaign trail Moi handed over power in a poorly organised ceremony that had one of the largest crowds ever seen in Nairobi in attendance The crowd was openly hostile to Moi 41 After leaving office in December 2002 Moi lived in retirement largely shunned by the political establishment However he still retained some popularity with the masses and his presence never failed to gather a crowd He spoke out against a proposal for a new constitution in 2005 according to Moi the document was contrary to the aspirations of the Kenyan people After the proposal was defeated in a November 2005 constitutional referendum President Kibaki called Moi to arrange for a meeting to discuss the way forward On 25 July 2007 Kibaki appointed Moi as special peace envoy to Sudan referring to Moi s vast experience and knowledge of African affairs and his stature as an elder statesman In his capacity as peace envoy Moi s primary task was to help secure peace in southern Sudan where an agreement signed in early 2005 was being implemented At the time the Kenyan press speculated that Moi and Kibaki were planning an alliance ahead of the December 2007 election 42 On 28 August 2007 Moi announced his support for Kibaki s re election and said that he would campaign for Kibaki He sharply criticised the two opposition Orange Democratic Movement factions arguing that they were tribal in nature 43 44 Moi owned the Kiptagich Tea Factory established in 1979 which has been involved in controversy In 2009 the factory was under threat of being closed down by the government during the Mau Forest evictions 45 Personal life editMoi was married to Lena Moi simple nee Helena Bomett from 1950 until their separation in 1974 before his assumption of the presidency Lena s parents the Paul Bomett family were pioneer Christians in Eldama Ravine They respected Moi the young tall handsome and well mannered orphan boy 11 It was at the Bometts that Moi sought shelter during school holidays unable to return home 160 kilometres away like the older boys 11 He would also stay at the home of the Christian family of Isaiah Chesire the father of Kanu s nominated MP Zipporah Kittony and former Eldoret North MP Reuben Chesire 11 In 1950 after leaving Kagumo Teacher s College Moi who had been dating Lena married her in a church wedding officiated by Erik Barnett the son of Albert Barnett after whom Kabarnet Town is named at the AIC mission in Eldama Ravine after he paid two heifers one ox and four sheep to the Bomett family Moi s long time friend Francis Cherogony was the best man With the marriage Lena abandoned her career as a teacher and immersed herself in bringing up her family settling down with Moi at Tambach Government School where his first two children Jennifer and Jonathan Kipkemboi were born in 1952 and 1953 respectively 11 Daniel arap Moi had eight children five sons and three daughters Among the children are Gideon Moi who had a political career of his own in Kenya and Jonathan Toroitich a former rally driver died 2019 and Philip Moi a retired army officer 46 47 His older and only brother William Tuitoek died in 1995 48 He was a lifelong member of the Africa Inland Mission Church following his enrollment at the church s school with fellow acquaintance Sammy C and Philip M in 1934 12 Moi was the founder and patron of major schools in Kenya which include Moi Educational Centre Kabarak High School Kabarak University 49 and Sunshine Secondary Schools and Sacho Primary and Secondary among others 50 Death editIn October 2019 President Moi was hospitalized under critical condition at The Nairobi Hospital due to complications of pleural effusion 51 He was discharged in November 2019 only to be hospitalized again days later for knee surgery 52 He developed respiratory complications and underwent a tracheotomy 53 A month later he suffered from gastrointestinal hemorrhage which led to multiple organ failure and was placed on life support 53 Moi died at The Nairobi Hospital on the early morning of 4 February 2020 at the age of 95 in the presence of family However during Moi s memorial service on 9 February 2020 at his Kabarnet Gardens home in Nairobi his son Raymond told congregants that he was 105 years old at the time of his death 54 Moi s body lay at the state on parliament building for public view for three days from 8 February to 10 February 2020 A state funeral service was conducted at Nyayo Stadium on 11 February 2020 before the burial in his Kabarak home in Nakuru county 55 56 57 58 He was buried at his Kabarak home on 12 February 2020 59 complete with military honors which included a 19 gun salute followed by a missing man formation flyby 60 His grave is next to his former wife Lena Bomett 60 Legacy editEponyms edit Main article List of things named after Daniel arap Moi Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital 61 Moi Air Base Nairobi 61 Moi International Airport Mombasa 61 Moi International Sports Centre Kasarani Nairobi 61 Moi Stadium Kisumu 61 Moi Stadium Embu 62 Moi University Eldoret 61 Roads and streets Moi Avenue Mombasa 61 Moi Avenue Nairobi 61 A number of institutions of learning Moi Girls High School Eldoret among othersSee also edit nbsp Biography portal nbsp Kenya portal nbsp Politics portalPolitics of Kenya Presidency of Daniel MoiReferences edit John Kamau 17 November 2013 The First Lady Kenya never had Retrieved 18 November 2013 East Roger Thomas Richard J 3 June 2014 Profiles of People in Power The World s Government Leaders Routledge ISBN 9781317639404 Live updates and photos Mzee Moi s remains at Parliament Buildings State House Profile of Daniel arap Moi State House Archived from the original on 5 July 2014 Retrieved 19 August 2012 Carver Richard 1 January 1994 Kenya Since the Elections Refworld WRITENET Retrieved 29 January 2022 Atwood J Brian 2 September 1992 Kenya s Rigged Election csmonitor com The Christian Science Monitor Retrieved 29 January 2022 Ajulu Rok June 1998 Kenya s Democracy Experiment The 1997 Elections Review of African Political Economy 25 76 Taylor amp Francis Ltd 275 285 doi 10 1080 03056249808704315 ISSN 0305 6244 JSTOR 4006548 Retrieved 29 January 2022 Arne Tostensen Bard Anders Andreassen and Kjetil Tronvoll February 1998 Kenya s hobbled democracy revisited the 1997 general elections in retrospect and prospect Human Rights Reports 2 Norwegian Institute of Human Rights OCLC 41330580 Retrieved 29 January 2022 Kenya s former President Daniel arap Moi has died aged 96 permanent dead link Al Jazeera 4 February 2020 a b McFadden Robert D 3 February 2020 Daniel arap Moi Who Ruled Kenya for Decades Dies at 96 The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 4 February 2020 a b c d e f g ARCHIVE The First Lady Kenya never had The East African Retrieved 4 February 2020 a b Gabrielle Lynch 4 February 2020 How Daniel arap Moi became Kenya s big man president Quartz Africa The vet who often sent debt reminders to President Jomo Kenyatta handed Mzee Moi the mantle Standard Digital News Archived from the original on 12 January 2018 Retrieved 12 January 2018 Obituary Daniel arap Moi former Kenyan president BBC News 4 February 2020 David M Anderson July 2005 Yours in Struggle for Majimbo Nationalism and the Party Politics of Decolonization in Kenya 1955 64 Journal of Contemporary History 40 3 547 564 doi 10 1177 0022009405054571 JSTOR 30036342 S2CID 143835439 Hon Wanyiri Kihoro 2007 Politics and Paliamenterians in Kenya 1944 2007 Center for Multiparty Democracy Ephalina A Maina Wycliffe A Oboka Julius Makong o History and Government East African Publishers p 174 ISBN 9789966253330 David K Leonard 1991 African Successes Four Public Managers of Kenyan Rural Development UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS pp 168 169 Simiyu Wandibba 1996 Masinde Muliro A Biography East African Publishers p 28 ISBN 9789966467652 The Weekly Review Stellascope Limited 1988 p 11 Miller Norman and Rodger Yeager Kenya The Quest for Prosperity second edition Page 173 Society Nyamora Communications Limited 1992 p 12 David Throup Charles Hornsby 1998 Multi party Politics in Kenya The Kenyatta amp Moi States amp the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election James Currey Publishers p 31 ISBN 9780852558041 Joseph Ndunda 7 September 2016 No hanging since 1987 Is death penalty still relevant The Star Stephen Mburu 12 March 2000 Govt reaction was very harsh Archived from the original on 4 February 2020 Retrieved 4 February 2020 News From Africa March 2003 Stunning revelations Archived 10 July 2006 at the Wayback Machine David Throup Charles Hornsby 1998 Multi party Politics in Kenya The Kenyatta amp Moi States amp the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election James Currey Publishers pp 86 87 ISBN 9780852558041 a b Michael Cowen Liisa Laakso 2002 Multi party Elections in Africa James Currey Publishers pp 141 142 ISBN 9780852558430 Kenya Amnesty International Report 2000 Archived from the original on 30 November 2005 Retrieved 12 December 2005 UN Special Rapporteur Misc reports concerning abuse of human rights in Kenya Archived from the original on 22 June 2011 Retrieved 12 December 2005 Secretariat of the I P I 1989 IPI Report 38 5 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a Cite journal requires journal help Moi ordered Goldenberg payment BBC News 17 February 2004 Steven Greenhouse 27 November 1991 AID DONORS INSIST ON KENYA REFORMS New York Times John Githongo 25 October 2000 Corruption Are We Innocent Kenya Museum Society p 6 Kenya Corruption Scandal William Karanja World Press Review correspondent From the October 2003 issue of World Press Review Vol 50 No 10 Wangari Maathai 2006 Unbowed a memoir New York Alfred A Knopf pp 184 205 ISBN 0307263487 a b Wangari Maathai 2006 Unbowed a memoir New York Alfred A Knopf pp 206 229 ISBN 0307263487 International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes ICSID Archived 15 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine World Duty Free Company Ltd v Kenya 4 October 2006 The looting of Kenya Guardian 31 August 2007 Retrieved on 6 September 2011 Marc Lacey 13 October 2002 Kenya s Leader to Step Down but Not Out New York Times Kibaki sworn in as Kenyan president The Guardian 30 December 2002 C Bryson Hull Kenya names ex leader special envoy to Sudan Archived 31 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine Reuters IOL 26 July 2007 Moi supports Kibaki s re election The Standard Kenya 28 August 2007 Lucas Barasa and Benjamin Muindi Kenya Moi Endorses Kibaki for Second Term The Nation Nairobi 28 August 2007 Daily Nation 22 December 2009 MP vows to fight Moi eviction bid Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Ghanaweb com 15 April 2005 His other son Raymond Moi is member of parliament Rongai constituency in Nakuru County DOCUMENT Rawlings Speech at the APARC The Standard 1 August 2004 Humble in life great in death Archived 7 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine Daily Nation 28 January 2002 A choice of seven grand homes Which will Moi opt for Kenya s Top Private Chartered institution of higher learning Welcome to Kabarak University Kenya Retrieved 15 February 2020 E A Livingstone M W D Sparks R W Peacocke 12 September 2013 The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church Oxford University Press pp 314 ISBN 978 0 19 965962 3 All about the condition former President Moi is being treated for in ICU Mphaso 29 October 2019 Archived from the original on 4 February 2020 Retrieved 4 February 2020 Ex President Moi rushed back to Nairobi Hospital again The Star 11 November 2019 a b How former President Daniel arap Moi fought for life The East African 5 February 2020 Raymond Moi was 130 years old Standard Digital 10 February 2020 Kenya s Daniel arap Moi Thousands pack stadium for funeral BBC News 11 February 2020 Daniel Toroitich arap Moi Who Ruled Kenya for Decades Dies at 96 The New York Times 4 February 2020 PRESIDENTIAL PROCLAMATION With Respect To THE DEATH OF H E DANIEL TOROITICH arap MOI C G H State House Kenya 4 February 2020 Olewe Dickens 4 February 2020 Kenya s former President Daniel arap Moi dies aged 95 BBC News Online Retrieved 11 February 2020 Moi to be buried at Kabarak home in Nakuru family says Capital News 4 February 2020 a b Moi sent off with 19 gun salute VIDEO retrieved 12 February 2020 a b c d e f g h Babu Tendu 4 February 2020 Famous places named after former president Daniel Moi The Standard Kenya s former President Daniel arap Moi dies aged 95 Nation News Online 1 June 2023 Retrieved 10 June 2023 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Daniel arap Moi Moi Africa Institute Presentation to the National Summit on Africa Washington DC USA February 2000 an AFRICAN CONNECTIONS documentary Political officesPreceded byJoseph Murumbi Vice President of Kenya1967 1978 Succeeded byMwai KibakiPreceded byJomo Kenyatta President of Kenya1978 2002 Succeeded byMwai Kibaki Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Daniel arap Moi amp oldid 1213415037, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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