Perboewatan (also spelled Perbuatan or Perbuwatan; apparently a Malay word of uncertain derivation) was one of the three main volcanic cones (the others being Danan and Rakata) on the island of Krakatoa (or Krakatau), in the Sunda Strait, in Indonesia. It was the lowest (400 ft) and northernmost of the cones. Perboewatan was completely destroyed during the 1883 eruption; the caldera is approximately 820 feet (250 m) deep at its former location.[1]
Photographed on May 27, 1883 by visitors to the island, Perboewatan is the only cone on Krakatoa of which quality pre-1883 photographs exist. In the photos, it appears to be a low hill with a flat top. Climbers reported the erupting crater to be about 3,300 ft (1,000 m) across at the top, narrowing to 150 ft (46 m) at the bottom and 500–800 ft deep. Samples were collected, revealing upon analysis a silica (SiO2) content of 65%.
Eruptionsedit
1680–81edit
In February 1681, two individuals traveling through the Straits witnessed the eruption of Krakatoa. Johann Wilhelm Vogel, a mining assayer, was told that the eruption began in May 1680. Since they were passing to the north of the island, it was apparent that the cone they witnessed was Perboewatan. This is backed up by Verbeek's visit in 1880, during which he took samples from a "fresh-looking" lava flow on the northern coast. The flow was unweathered, with little vegetation, indicating recent origin.
Perboewatan began erupting on 20 May 1883, having previously been thought extinct.[citation needed] On 27 May 1883, the General Governor Loudon took a sight-seeing group of about 90 to Krakatoa, landing on the northern end of the island, just below Perboewatan. Several in the party climbed up to the crater, which was still erupting. As the ship was leaving, a photographer took several photos of the erupting volcano.
In Rogier Verbeek's reconstruction of the eruption, Perboewatan is thought to have been the first cone destroyed, at about 4:40 am on 27 August.
Referencesedit
^Deplus, Christine; Bonvalot, Sylvain; Dahrin, Darharta; Diament, Michel; Harjono, Hery; Dubois, Jacques (1995-02-01). "Inner structure of the Krakatau volcanic complex (Indonesia) from gravity and bathymetry data". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 64 (1–2): 23–52. Bibcode:1995JVGR...64...23D. doi:10.1016/0377-0273(94)00038-I. ISSN 0377-0273.
perboewatan, also, spelled, perbuatan, perbuwatan, apparently, malay, word, uncertain, derivation, three, main, volcanic, cones, others, being, danan, rakata, island, krakatoa, krakatau, sunda, strait, indonesia, lowest, northernmost, cones, completely, destro. Perboewatan also spelled Perbuatan or Perbuwatan apparently a Malay word of uncertain derivation was one of the three main volcanic cones the others being Danan and Rakata on the island of Krakatoa or Krakatau in the Sunda Strait in Indonesia It was the lowest 400 ft and northernmost of the cones Perboewatan was completely destroyed during the 1883 eruption the caldera is approximately 820 feet 250 m deep at its former location 1 Contents 1 Form 2 Eruptions 2 1 1680 81 2 2 1883 3 ReferencesForm editPhotographed on May 27 1883 by visitors to the island Perboewatan is the only cone on Krakatoa of which quality pre 1883 photographs exist In the photos it appears to be a low hill with a flat top Climbers reported the erupting crater to be about 3 300 ft 1 000 m across at the top narrowing to 150 ft 46 m at the bottom and 500 800 ft deep Samples were collected revealing upon analysis a silica SiO2 content of 65 Eruptions edit1680 81 edit In February 1681 two individuals traveling through the Straits witnessed the eruption of Krakatoa Johann Wilhelm Vogel a mining assayer was told that the eruption began in May 1680 Since they were passing to the north of the island it was apparent that the cone they witnessed was Perboewatan This is backed up by Verbeek s visit in 1880 during which he took samples from a fresh looking lava flow on the northern coast The flow was unweathered with little vegetation indicating recent origin 1883 edit Main article 1883 eruption of Krakatoa Perboewatan began erupting on 20 May 1883 having previously been thought extinct citation needed On 27 May 1883 the General Governor Loudon took a sight seeing group of about 90 to Krakatoa landing on the northern end of the island just below Perboewatan Several in the party climbed up to the crater which was still erupting As the ship was leaving a photographer took several photos of the erupting volcano In Rogier Verbeek s reconstruction of the eruption Perboewatan is thought to have been the first cone destroyed at about 4 40 am on 27 August References edit Deplus Christine Bonvalot Sylvain Dahrin Darharta Diament Michel Harjono Hery Dubois Jacques 1995 02 01 Inner structure of the Krakatau volcanic complex Indonesia from gravity and bathymetry data Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 64 1 2 23 52 Bibcode 1995JVGR 64 23D doi 10 1016 0377 0273 94 00038 I ISSN 0377 0273 Furneaux Rupert 1964 Krakatoa Englewood Cliffs N J Prentice Hall Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Perboewatan amp oldid 1173191938, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
