"Cherry orange" redirects here. For African cherry oranges, see Citropsis.
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The kishu mikan (Citrus kinokuni ex Tanaka) is a hybrid variety of mikan, or mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata), found in Southern China and also grown in Japan.[1]
The fruit is also known as Baby Mandarin, Tiny Tangerine, Mini Mandarin and Kishu Mandarin. It is sold under the brand name "Cherry Orange" in Europe. It is shaped like a mandarin, between 25 and 50 mm (0.98 and 1.97 in) in diameter. The fruit's orange skin is thin and smooth.
Some varieties of kishu,[2] such as the mukaku kishu, are seedless.[3] The species is used in creating seedless hybrid citrus.[4] The largest variety is the hira kishu.[3]
Kishu mikans are the ancestor of many commercial cultivars.
Genetic studies have found that the kishumikan is closely related to the Huanglingmiao mandarin, carrying the same pomelo (Citrus maxima) introgression, indicating that the two diverged from the same backcrossed domesticated ancestor.[5] Under the Tanaka system of citrus taxonomy, it is a separate species named Citrus kinokuni, while the Swingle system groups it with other pure and hybrid mandarins as a single species, Citrus reticulata. IT may be called the Kinokuni group.
Historyedit
Kishu mikan
The fruit is thought to have arisen in Southern China; it is believed to have been grown since the 700s.[6] Its name was recorded in the records of Jianchang during the Ming Dynasty, and its agricultural growth is widespread in Jiangxi province.[7] The variety was introduced to Japan around 1200 and remained the most popular citrus in Tokyo until the 1800s.[6]
Kishu mikan were introduced to America in the 1800s but were not widely known.[6] A seedless cultivar was developed for commercial production starting in 1983 at the University of California Citrus Research Center, and the fruit is now commercially available at specialty markets throughout California.[8][9] It was first grown commercially in the US in the 1990s,[6] and started to be widely grown in the US around 2010.[2]
The fruit is high in vitamin C, like other mandarins. The fruit is enveloped in a thin skin (0.11 cm or 0.043 in) and has 7–19 sections. One variety is seedless; others have seeds.[2]
Cultivationedit
Harvest of the mukaku-kishu mikan.Shading the grave of Kinokuniya Bunzaemon, a merchant who traded them in Edo.In blossom.
Kishu mikan plants are small evergreen and perennial trees. They grow rapidly to a size of about 4 feet (1.2 meters) in diameter and 10 feet (3.0 m) in height, and may live for centuries. They are commonly planted in household gardens in Japan, and grown in greenhouses, pots on balconies, and commercial orchards.[6]
The trees require five hours of sun each day and temperatures ranging from 55–75 °F (13–24 °C). If grown in containers, they can be taken indoors at night. They thrive in high humidity but require well-drained soil. Manual transfer of pollen between blossoms can improve yield.[6]
The fruit grows to 1–2 in (25–51 mm) in size and is harvested in mid-winter; in the Northern Hemisphere, this is November to February, depending on the local climate. When the fruit is left on the tree for too long, it can lose its flavor. Trees may fruit in their first year and typically yield 88 lb (40 kg) of fruit annually.[6]
The fruit needs to be handled with care to avoid damage to the outer skin.[citation needed]
See alsoedit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Citrus Kinokuni group.
^Chavez, Dario J.; Chaparro, José X. (1 May 2011). "Identification of Markers Linked to Seedlessness in Citrus kinokuni hort. ex Tanaka and Its Progeny Using Bulked Segregant Analysis". HortScience. 46 (5): 693–697. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.46.5.693. ISSN 0018-5345.
^Wu, Guohong Albert; Terol, Javier; Ibanez, Victoria; López-García, Antonio; Pérez-Román, Estela; Borredá, Carles; Domingo, Concha; Tadeo, Francisco R; Carbonell-Caballero, Jose; Alonso, Roberto; Curk, Franck; Du, Dongliang; Ollitrault, Patrick; Roose, Mikeal L. Roose; Dopazo, Joaquin; Gmitter Jr, Frederick G.; Rokhsar, Daniel; Talon, Manuel (2018). "Genomics of the origin and evolution of Citrus". Nature. 554 (7692): 311–316. Bibcode:2018Natur.554..311W. doi:10.1038/nature25447. hdl:20.500.11939/5741. PMID 29414943. and Supplement
^ abcdefgh"The History of the Kishu Mandarin". 12 April 2022.
^Deng, Xiuxin; Yang, Xiaoming; Yamamoto, Masashi; Biswas, Manosh Kumar (2020-01-01), Talon, Manuel; Caruso, Marco; Gmitter, Fred G. (eds.), "Chapter 3 - Domestication and history", The Genus Citrus, Woodhead Publishing, pp. 33–55, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812163-4.00003-6, ISBN978-0-12-812163-4, S2CID 214015638, retrieved 2023-01-18
^. University of California Riverside Citrus Variety Collection. Archived from the original on 2019-04-25. Retrieved 2016-12-19.
kishu, mikan, cherry, orange, redirects, here, african, cherry, oranges, citropsis, help, expand, this, article, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, french, click, show, important, translation, instructions, machine, translation, like, deepl,. Cherry orange redirects here For African cherry oranges see Citropsis You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 6 178 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at fr Kishu Mikan see its history for attribution You may also add the template Translated fr Kishu Mikan to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation The kishu mikan Citrus kinokuni ex Tanaka is a hybrid variety of mikan or mandarin orange Citrus reticulata found in Southern China and also grown in Japan 1 A sweet orange largest another variety of mikan or mandarin orange middling and a kishu mikan smallest The fruit is also known as Baby Mandarin Tiny Tangerine Mini Mandarin and Kishu Mandarin It is sold under the brand name Cherry Orange in Europe It is shaped like a mandarin between 25 and 50 mm 0 98 and 1 97 in in diameter The fruit s orange skin is thin and smooth Some varieties of kishu 2 such as the mukaku kishu are seedless 3 The species is used in creating seedless hybrid citrus 4 The largest variety is the hira kishu 3 Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 History 3 Taste 4 Cultivation 5 See also 6 ReferencesTaxonomy edit nbsp Kishu mikans are the ancestor of many commercial cultivars Genetic studies have found that the kishumikan is closely related to the Huanglingmiao mandarin carrying the same pomelo Citrus maxima introgression indicating that the two diverged from the same backcrossed domesticated ancestor 5 Under the Tanaka system of citrus taxonomy it is a separate species named Citrus kinokuni while the Swingle system groups it with other pure and hybrid mandarins as a single species Citrus reticulata IT may be called the Kinokuni group History edit nbsp Kishu mikan The fruit is thought to have arisen in Southern China it is believed to have been grown since the 700s 6 Its name was recorded in the records of Jianchang during the Ming Dynasty and its agricultural growth is widespread in Jiangxi province 7 The variety was introduced to Japan around 1200 and remained the most popular citrus in Tokyo until the 1800s 6 Kishu mikan were introduced to America in the 1800s but were not widely known 6 A seedless cultivar was developed for commercial production starting in 1983 at the University of California Citrus Research Center and the fruit is now commercially available at specialty markets throughout California 8 9 It was first grown commercially in the US in the 1990s 6 and started to be widely grown in the US around 2010 2 The fruit became available in Europe in 2006 6 Taste editThe fruit is high in vitamin C like other mandarins The fruit is enveloped in a thin skin 0 11 cm or 0 043 in and has 7 19 sections One variety is seedless others have seeds 2 Cultivation edit nbsp Harvest of the mukaku kishu mikan nbsp Shading the grave of Kinokuniya Bunzaemon a merchant who traded them in Edo nbsp In blossom Kishu mikan plants are small evergreen and perennial trees They grow rapidly to a size of about 4 feet 1 2 meters in diameter and 10 feet 3 0 m in height and may live for centuries They are commonly planted in household gardens in Japan and grown in greenhouses pots on balconies and commercial orchards 6 The trees require five hours of sun each day and temperatures ranging from 55 75 F 13 24 C If grown in containers they can be taken indoors at night They thrive in high humidity but require well drained soil Manual transfer of pollen between blossoms can improve yield 6 The fruit grows to 1 2 in 25 51 mm in size and is harvested in mid winter in the Northern Hemisphere this is November to February depending on the local climate When the fruit is left on the tree for too long it can lose its flavor Trees may fruit in their first year and typically yield 88 lb 40 kg of fruit annually 6 The fruit needs to be handled with care to avoid damage to the outer skin citation needed See also edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Citrus Kinokuni group Citrus taxonomy Japanese citrus Komikan fruit References edit http sciencelinks jp a b c Karp David 13 January 2010 The Seedless Kishu a small but mighty mandarin Los Angeles Times a b Kishu citrusvariety ucr edu Chavez Dario J Chaparro Jose X 1 May 2011 Identification of Markers Linked to Seedlessness in Citrus kinokuni hort ex Tanaka and Its Progeny Using Bulked Segregant Analysis HortScience 46 5 693 697 doi 10 21273 HORTSCI 46 5 693 ISSN 0018 5345 Wu Guohong Albert Terol Javier Ibanez Victoria Lopez Garcia Antonio Perez Roman Estela Borreda Carles Domingo Concha Tadeo Francisco R Carbonell Caballero Jose Alonso Roberto Curk Franck Du Dongliang Ollitrault Patrick Roose Mikeal L Roose Dopazo Joaquin Gmitter Jr Frederick G Rokhsar Daniel Talon Manuel 2018 Genomics of the origin and evolution of Citrus Nature 554 7692 311 316 Bibcode 2018Natur 554 311W doi 10 1038 nature25447 hdl 20 500 11939 5741 PMID 29414943 and Supplement a b c d e f g h The History of the Kishu Mandarin 12 April 2022 Deng Xiuxin Yang Xiaoming Yamamoto Masashi Biswas Manosh Kumar 2020 01 01 Talon Manuel Caruso Marco Gmitter Fred G eds Chapter 3 Domestication and history The Genus Citrus Woodhead Publishing pp 33 55 doi 10 1016 b978 0 12 812163 4 00003 6 ISBN 978 0 12 812163 4 S2CID 214015638 retrieved 2023 01 18 kishu University of California Riverside Citrus Variety Collection Archived from the original on 2019 04 25 Retrieved 2016 12 19 Kishu Tangerine Specialty Produce Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kishu mikan amp oldid 1212877225, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
