Abu'l-Muzaffar Khusrau Malik ibn Khusrau-Shah (Persian: ابوالمظفر خسروملک بن خسروشاه), better simply known as Khusrau Malik (خسرو ملک; also spelled Khosrow), was the last Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire, ruling from 1160 to 1186. He was the son and successor of Khusrau Shah (r. 1157–1160).
In 1161/2, the Ghurids seized the Ghaznavid capital of Ghazni, forcing Khusrau Malik to retreat to Lahore, which became his new capital. From there he made incursions into northern India, expanding his rule as far as southern Kashmir. He also created an alliance with the Indian Khokhar tribe. In 1170, Khusrau (or one of his commanders) invaded the southern part of the Ganges.
In 1178 the Ghurid ruler Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad invaded the southern part of Ghaznavid Punjab and reached as far as Gujarat. In 1179/80 he seized Peshawar, and by 1181/2 swept around Lahore, but Khusrau Malik managed to keep him from the city by paying him so he retreated from Lahore instead of laying siege to the city. However, Lahore was finally captured by the Ghurids in 1186, while Khusrau-Malik and his son Bahram-Shah were taken to Ghur and imprisoned, marking the end of the Ghaznavid Empire. Both were executed in 1191.[1]
Sources
Bosworth, C. E. (1968). "The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (A.D. 1000–1217)". In Frye, R. N. (ed.). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Saljuq and Mongol periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–202. ISBN0-521-06936-X.
Bosworth, C.E. (1977). The Later Ghaznavids. Columbia University Press.
Bosworth, C. E. (1993). "The Encyclopedia of Islam, VII". The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. VII. Brill. pp. 1–1056. ISBN90-04-09419-9.
Bosworth, C. Edmund (2001). "GHAZNAVIDS". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. X, Fasc. 6. London et al. pp. 578–583.
khusrau, malik, this, article, multiple, issues, please, help, improve, discuss, these, issues, talk, page, learn, when, remove, these, template, messages, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding,. This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Khusrau Malik news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations July 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Learn how and when to remove this template message Abu l Muzaffar Khusrau Malik ibn Khusrau Shah Persian ابوالمظفر خسروملک بن خسروشاه better simply known as Khusrau Malik خسرو ملک also spelled Khosrow was the last Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire ruling from 1160 to 1186 He was the son and successor of Khusrau Shah r 1157 1160 Khusrau Malikابوالمظفر خسروملک بن خسروشاهSultanSultan of Ghaznavid EmpireReign1160 1186PredecessorKhusrau ShahSuccessorMuhammad of GhorBorn Ghaznavid EmpireDied1191Ghur now present day Afghanistan NamesKhusrau Malik bin Khusrau ShahDynastyHouse of GhaznavidFatherKhusrau ShahReligionSunni IslamReign EditSee also Siege of Lahore 1186 In 1161 2 the Ghurids seized the Ghaznavid capital of Ghazni forcing Khusrau Malik to retreat to Lahore which became his new capital From there he made incursions into northern India expanding his rule as far as southern Kashmir He also created an alliance with the Indian Khokhar tribe In 1170 Khusrau or one of his commanders invaded the southern part of the Ganges In 1178 the Ghurid ruler Mu izz al Din Muhammad invaded the southern part of Ghaznavid Punjab and reached as far as Gujarat In 1179 80 he seized Peshawar and by 1181 2 swept around Lahore but Khusrau Malik managed to keep him from the city by paying him so he retreated from Lahore instead of laying siege to the city However Lahore was finally captured by the Ghurids in 1186 while Khusrau Malik and his son Bahram Shah were taken to Ghur and imprisoned marking the end of the Ghaznavid Empire Both were executed in 1191 1 Sources EditBosworth C E 1968 The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World A D 1000 1217 In Frye R N ed The Cambridge History of Iran Volume 5 The Saljuq and Mongol periods Cambridge Cambridge University Press pp 1 202 ISBN 0 521 06936 X Bosworth C E 1977 The Later Ghaznavids Columbia University Press Bosworth C E 1993 The Encyclopedia of Islam VII The Encyclopaedia of Islam Vol VII Brill pp 1 1056 ISBN 90 04 09419 9 Bosworth C Edmund 2001 GHAZNAVIDS Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol X Fasc 6 London et al pp 578 583 Bosworth C Edmund 2013 ḴOSROW MALEK Encyclopaedia Iranica Khusrau MalikHouse of SabukteginBorn Died 12th centuryRegnal titlesPreceded byKhusrau Shah Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire1160 1186 Succeeded byGhurid rule Bosworth 1977 p 131 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Khusrau Malik amp oldid 1135147226, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
