A Karbi speaker speaking Karbi and English, recorded in India.
It belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family, but its position is unclear. Grierson (1903)[2] classified it under Naga languages, Shafer (1974) and Bradley (1997) classify the Mikir languages as an aberrant Kuki-Chin branch, but Thurgood (2003) leaves them unclassified within Sino-Tibetan. Blench and Post (2013) classify it as one of the most basal languages of the entire family.
Like most languages of Northeast India, Karbi writing system is based on Roman script, occasionally in Assamese script. The earliest written texts in Karbi were produced by Christian missionaries, in Roman script, especially by the American Baptist Mission and the Catholic Church. The missionaries brought out a newspaper in Karbi titled Birta in the year 1903, Rev. R.E. Neighbor's 'Vocabulary of English and Mikir, with Illustrative Sentences' published in 1878, which can be called the first Karbi dictionary. Sardoka Perrin Kay's 'English–Mikir Dictionary' published in 1904, Sir Charles Lyall and Edward Stack's The Mikirs in 1908, the first ethnographic details on the Karbis and G.D. Walker's 'A Dictionary of the Mikir Language' published in 1925 are some of the earliest known books on the Karbis and the Karbi language and grammar.[3]
The Karbis have a rich oral tradition. The Mosera (recalling the past), a lengthy folk narrative that describes the origin and migration ordeal of the Karbis, is one such example.
Varieties
There is little dialect diversity except for the Dumurali / Kamrup Karbi dialect, which is distinct enough to be considered a separate Karbi language.
Konnerth (2014) identifies two main Karbi varieties.
Karbi syllables may be the open (C)(C)V(V) or the closed (C)(C)VC. Possible onset consonant cluster combinations are as follows: /pl pr pʰl pʰr tʰr kl kr kʰr/.
Geographical distribution
India
Karbi is spoken in the following areas of Northeast India (Ethnologue).
Konnerth, Linda (2014). A Grammar of Karbi (PhD). University of Oregon. hdl:1794/17928.
Konnerth, Linda; Tisso, Sikari (2018). "Karbi texts A fully glossed corpus of different genres". Himalayan Linguistics. 17 (2). doi:10.5070/H917239461.
March 02, 2023
karbi, language, ɑː, listen, spoken, karbi, also, known, mikir, arleng, people, northeastern, india, karbiarlengregionassam, meghalaya, arunachal, pradeshethnicitykarbinative, speakers528, 2011, language, familysino, tibetan, kuki, chin, nagakarbilanguage, cod. The Karbi language US k ɑː r b i listen is spoken by the Karbi also known as Mikir or Arleng people of Northeastern India KarbiArlengRegionAssam Meghalaya Arunachal PradeshEthnicityKarbiNative speakers528 503 2011 1 Language familySino Tibetan Kuki Chin NagaKarbiLanguage codesISO 639 3Either a href https iso639 3 sil org code mjw class extiw title iso639 3 mjw mjw a Karbi a href https iso639 3 sil org code ajz class extiw title iso639 3 ajz ajz a Plains Karbi Amri Glottologkarb1240ELPKarbi source source source source source source source source source source source source source source A Karbi speaker speaking Karbi and English recorded in India It belongs to the Sino Tibetan language family but its position is unclear Grierson 1903 2 classified it under Naga languages Shafer 1974 and Bradley 1997 classify the Mikir languages as an aberrant Kuki Chin branch but Thurgood 2003 leaves them unclassified within Sino Tibetan Blench and Post 2013 classify it as one of the most basal languages of the entire family Contents 1 History 2 Varieties 3 Phonology 3 1 Consonants 3 1 1 Initial consonants 3 1 2 Final consonants 3 2 Vowels 3 3 Syllable structure 4 Geographical distribution 4 1 India 4 2 Bangladesh 5 See also 6 Notes 7 ReferencesHistory EditLike most languages of Northeast India Karbi writing system is based on Roman script occasionally in Assamese script The earliest written texts in Karbi were produced by Christian missionaries in Roman script especially by the American Baptist Mission and the Catholic Church The missionaries brought out a newspaper in Karbi titled Birta in the year 1903 Rev R E Neighbor s Vocabulary of English and Mikir with Illustrative Sentences published in 1878 which can be called the first Karbi dictionary Sardoka Perrin Kay s English Mikir Dictionary published in 1904 Sir Charles Lyall and Edward Stack s The Mikirs in 1908 the first ethnographic details on the Karbis and G D Walker s A Dictionary of the Mikir Language published in 1925 are some of the earliest known books on the Karbis and the Karbi language and grammar 3 The Karbis have a rich oral tradition The Mosera recalling the past a lengthy folk narrative that describes the origin and migration ordeal of the Karbis is one such example Varieties EditThere is little dialect diversity except for the Dumurali Kamrup Karbi dialect which is distinct enough to be considered a separate Karbi language Konnerth 2014 identifies two main Karbi varieties Hills Karbi Rongkhang or Ronghang dialect of Karbi Anglong West Karbi Anglong district Assam Plains Karbi Dumra Karbi spoken in Kamrup district and Marigaon district Assam and in Ri Bhoi district Meghalaya Phonology EditData below are from Konnerth 2017 4 Consonants Edit Initial consonants Edit Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar GlottalStop Voiceless p t c kVoiced b d ɟ jAspirated pʰ ɸ tʰ kʰFricative b w s hNasal m nRhotic r ɾApproximant l ɟ jPalatal ɟ j constitutes free variation between a stop and a glide production Also allophonic alternations typical for the area include pʰ ɸ within the same speaker and r ɾ ɹ intergenerational and interdialectal Final consonants Edit Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar GlottalStop p t kNasal m n ŋRhotic r ɾ ɹVowels Edit Front Central BackHigh i u Close mid e o Low a Diphthongs of Karbi ei ai oi uiSyllable structure Edit Karbi syllables may be the open C C V V or the closed C C VC Possible onset consonant cluster combinations are as follows pl pr pʰl pʰr tʰr kl kr kʰr Geographical distribution EditIndia Edit Karbi is spoken in the following areas of Northeast India Ethnologue Assam Darrang district Dima Hasao district formerly North Cachar district East Kamrup district Hojai district Kamrup Metropolitan district Karbi Anglong district Lakhimpur district Marigaon district Nagaon district Sonitpur district Biswanath district Lakhimpur district South Kamrup district West Karbi Anglong district Arunachal Pradesh Papum Pare district Balijan circle Meghalaya East Khasi Hills district Jaintia Hills district Ri Bhoi district West Khasi Hills district Nagaland foothills around DimapurBangladesh Edit An estimate 1500 Karbi live in Bangladesh 5 See also EditKarbi scriptNotes Edit http www censusindia gov in Census Data 2001 Census Data Online Language Statement1 aspx2001 census Archived 2012 02 06 at the Wayback Machine Linguistic survey of India vol III Part II Karbis Of Assam Konnerth Linda 2017 Karbi In The Sino Tibetan Languages 2017 https joshuaproject net people groups 17559References EditKonnerth Linda 2014 A Grammar of Karbi PhD University of Oregon hdl 1794 17928 Konnerth Linda Tisso Sikari 2018 Karbi texts A fully glossed corpus of different genres Himalayan Linguistics 17 2 doi 10 5070 H917239461 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Karbi language amp oldid 1121235631, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
