Kaolack (Arabic: كاولاك; Wolof: Kawlax) is a town of 233,708 people (2012 census) on the north bank of the Saloum River about 100 kilometres (62 mi) from its mouth and the N1 road in Senegal. It is the capital of the Kaolack Region, which borders The Gambia to the south. Kaolack is an important regional market town and is Senegal's main peanut trading and processing center. As the center of the Ibrahimiyya branch of the TijaniyyahSufi order founded by Ibrayima Ñas, it is also a major center of Islamic education. The Leona Niassene mosque (right) in Kaolack is one of the largest and best known in Senegal.
Kaolack is the successor city to Kahone, historic capital of the kingdom of Saloum. Originally marked by a sacred tree on the right bank of the Saloum River facing the island of Kouyong, Kahone consisted of a number of distinct neighborhoods separated by open fields, each under the jurisdiction of a different dignitary or official. Kaolack, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) downriver, was one of these.
One legend holds that it was founded by Sega and Massar, two brothers of Fulani origin from Macina in today's Mali. Sega’s son, Alioune Mboutou Sow, later served as the Chef de Canton of Kaolack. The Mboutou family house still stands in the middle of the town centre. Mboutou Sow's daughter Ramatoulaye (Rahmat'oullah) was given in marriage to the son of Amadou Bamba, hence the saying Kaolack worrou Mboutou (Kaolack, Mboutou's fiefdom).[citation needed] An alternative telling is that Kaolack was founded by a princess of Baol who took shelter there under the protection of the Maad Saloum Mbegan Ndour, whom she later married, and founded the traditional cult of the West African Nile monitor, known as mbossé in Wolof, the totem of the city. Mboutou Sow arrived later, and became chief through his erudition.[1]
French interests in the Saloum River increased in the early 19th century as legitimate articles of trade were sought to replace trade in slaves. By mid-century, peanut production had been introduced to the kingdom of Saloum and, with the permission of its king, a fortified factory was established by the French on the riverfront at Kaolack, more favorably placed for shipping than Kahone. They laid out a first grid of lots in 1860, in what would become the city center or "Escale" neighborhood. The construction of a rail spur from the port to the Dakar-Niger line in 1911 caused the town to boom as a peanut processing and export center. Its population grew rapidly, rising from 5,600 in 1925 to 44,000 in 1934.[citation needed]
It is at this time that Kaolack became an important center for the Tijaniyyah Sufi order, with Allaaji Abdulaay Ñas [fr] opening a first major zâwiyah, or “lodge”, in the Leona neighborhood in 1910.[2] His son Ibrahim Niass moved the community, known as the Jamāʿat al-fayḍa (lit.'The Community of the Divine Flood'), to a new suburb of Kaolack called Madina Baye in the early 1930s, now a part of the city itself.[3]
Today, there is a peanut oil processing plant with its own port facilities in the downstream suburb of Lyndiane, while salt pans across the Saloum river constitute the city’s only other major industrial activity.
Lewna (Léona in French), which includes much of the city center. It includes Lewna Ñaseen (Léona Niassène in French), the headquarters of the branch of the Tijānī Islamic order founded in 1910 by Allaaji Abdulaay Ñas [fr] after his exile in Gambia. But now the Tijānī Islamic Order is held by the eldest son of Mame Khalifa who was the oldest son of Allaji Abdoulaye Niass .
Jaleñ (Dialègne in French), between Lewna Ñaseen and Medina Mbàbba.
Medina Mbàbba (Médina Mbaba in French), also called "Medina I", named after Baabakar Njaay, nicknamed "Mbàbba Njaay," who was the Serer chief of the village when it was incorporated into Kaolack.
Medina Baay (Médina Baye in French), also called "Medina II", on the northeast edge of the city. It is the center of the Ibrāhīmiiya branch of the Tijānī order founded in 1930 by Allaaji Abdulaay Ñas's son, Ibrayima Ñas, known to his followers as "Baay" ("Father" in Wolof). The name in Arabic means "The City of Baay."
Saam (Sam in French), west of Medina Baay in the north of Kaolack, also founded by Ibrayima Ñas. Saam was originally designated as the fields and orchards of Ibrayima Ñas's disciples, but since the 1970s the trees have been replaced by houses.
Ndoorong (Ndorong in French), west of Saam, founded by Bashiru Mbàkke and his Murid disciples.
Coofog (Thiofoke in French), north of Saam, which existed before Kaolack as a Serer village ruled by the Guelowar dynasty.
^Kesteloot, Lilyan; Veirman, Anja (1999). "Un lieu de mémoire sans stèle et sans visite guidée : le culte du Mboose à Kaolack (Sénégal)". Histoire d'Afrique : les enjeux de mémoire (in French). Paris: Karthala. p. 83-91.
^Salm, Steven J.; Falola, Toyin (2005). African Urban Spaces in Historical Perspective. University Rochester Press. p. 256. ISBN978-1-58046-314-0.
^Wright, Zachary Valentine (2015-02-04). Living Knowledge in West African Islam: The Sufi Community of Ibrāhīm Niasse. BRILL. p. 3. ISBN978-90-04-28946-8.
^"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Kaolack". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 9, 2024.
^"Climate Averages for Kaolack" (PDF) (in German). DWD. Retrieved 7 September 2022.
^"National Commission for Decentralised cooperation". Délégation pour l’Action Extérieure des Collectivités Territoriales (Ministère des Affaires étrangères) (in French). Archived from the original on 2013-10-08. Retrieved 2013-12-26.
External linksedit
January 01, 1970
kaolack, confused, with, khao, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jst. Not to be confused with Khao Lak This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Kaolack news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message Kaolack Arabic كاولاك Wolof Kawlax is a town of 233 708 people 2012 census on the north bank of the Saloum River about 100 kilometres 62 mi from its mouth and the N1 road in Senegal It is the capital of the Kaolack Region which borders The Gambia to the south Kaolack is an important regional market town and is Senegal s main peanut trading and processing center As the center of the Ibrahimiyya branch of the Tijaniyyah Sufi order founded by Ibrayima Nas it is also a major center of Islamic education The Leona Niassene mosque right in Kaolack is one of the largest and best known in Senegal Kaolack كاولاكTownThe mosque at Medina Baay KaolackKaolackCoordinates 14 1 N 16 15 W 14 017 N 16 250 W 14 017 16 250Country SenegalRegionKaolack RegionDepartmentKaolack DepartmentPopulation 2013 Total233 708Time zoneUTC 0 GMT Contents 1 History 2 Climate 3 Neighbourhoods 4 International relations 4 1 Twin towns Sister cities 5 Notable people 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksHistory editKaolack is the successor city to Kahone historic capital of the kingdom of Saloum Originally marked by a sacred tree on the right bank of the Saloum River facing the island of Kouyong Kahone consisted of a number of distinct neighborhoods separated by open fields each under the jurisdiction of a different dignitary or official Kaolack 8 kilometres 5 0 mi downriver was one of these One legend holds that it was founded by Sega and Massar two brothers of Fulani origin from Macina in today s Mali Sega s son Alioune Mboutou Sow later served as the Chef de Canton of Kaolack The Mboutou family house still stands in the middle of the town centre Mboutou Sow s daughter Ramatoulaye Rahmat oullah was given in marriage to the son of Amadou Bamba hence the saying Kaolack worrou Mboutou Kaolack Mboutou s fiefdom citation needed An alternative telling is that Kaolack was founded by a princess of Baol who took shelter there under the protection of the Maad Saloum Mbegan Ndour whom she later married and founded the traditional cult of the West African Nile monitor known as mbosse in Wolof the totem of the city Mboutou Sow arrived later and became chief through his erudition 1 French interests in the Saloum River increased in the early 19th century as legitimate articles of trade were sought to replace trade in slaves By mid century peanut production had been introduced to the kingdom of Saloum and with the permission of its king a fortified factory was established by the French on the riverfront at Kaolack more favorably placed for shipping than Kahone They laid out a first grid of lots in 1860 in what would become the city center or Escale neighborhood The construction of a rail spur from the port to the Dakar Niger line in 1911 caused the town to boom as a peanut processing and export center Its population grew rapidly rising from 5 600 in 1925 to 44 000 in 1934 citation needed It is at this time that Kaolack became an important center for the Tijaniyyah Sufi order with Allaaji Abdulaay Nas fr opening a first major zawiyah or lodge in the Leona neighborhood in 1910 2 His son Ibrahim Niass moved the community known as the Jamaʿat al fayḍa lit The Community of the Divine Flood to a new suburb of Kaolack called Madina Baye in the early 1930s now a part of the city itself 3 Today there is a peanut oil processing plant with its own port facilities in the downstream suburb of Lyndiane while salt pans across the Saloum river constitute the city s only other major industrial activity Climate editKaolack has a hot semi arid climate Koppen climate classification BSh with a short rainy season and a lengthy dry season Climate data for Kaolack 1991 2020 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Mean daily maximum C F 35 1 95 2 37 3 99 1 39 7 103 5 40 8 105 4 40 2 104 4 37 4 99 3 34 8 94 6 33 5 92 3 33 7 92 7 36 3 97 3 37 5 99 5 35 6 96 1 36 8 98 2 Mean daily minimum C F 18 3 64 9 19 9 67 8 21 0 69 8 21 8 71 2 23 0 73 4 24 7 76 5 25 2 77 4 24 9 76 8 24 5 76 1 24 7 76 5 21 6 70 9 19 1 66 4 22 4 72 3 Record low C F 11 5 52 7 12 5 54 5 15 0 59 0 15 8 60 4 15 0 59 0 16 5 61 7 21 0 69 8 20 0 68 0 17 5 63 5 19 7 67 5 15 8 60 4 12 4 54 3 11 5 52 7 Average precipitation mm inches 0 9 0 04 0 6 0 02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 07 36 0 1 42 117 9 4 64 238 5 9 39 190 5 7 50 43 6 1 72 0 9 0 04 0 0 0 0 630 6 24 83 Average precipitation days 1 0 mm 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 8 8 7 13 8 12 1 4 0 0 2 0 0 42 0 Mean monthly sunshine hours 260 257 295 297 298 258 248 233 228 260 255 233 3 122 Mean daily sunshine hours 8 4 9 1 9 5 9 9 9 6 8 6 8 0 7 5 7 6 8 4 8 5 7 5 8 5 Source 1 NOAA 4 Source 2 Deutscher Wetterdienst sunshine 5 Neighbourhoods editAmong Kaolack s many neighbourhoods are Lewna Leona in French which includes much of the city center It includes Lewna Naseen Leona Niassene in French the headquarters of the branch of the Tijani Islamic order founded in 1910 by Allaaji Abdulaay Nas fr after his exile in Gambia But now the Tijani Islamic Order is held by the eldest son of Mame Khalifa who was the oldest son of Allaji Abdoulaye Niass Jalen Dialegne in French between Lewna Naseen and Medina Mbabba Medina Mbabba Medina Mbaba in French also called Medina I named after Baabakar Njaay nicknamed Mbabba Njaay who was the Serer chief of the village when it was incorporated into Kaolack Medina Baay Medina Baye in French also called Medina II on the northeast edge of the city It is the center of the Ibrahimiiya branch of the Tijani order founded in 1930 by Allaaji Abdulaay Nas s son Ibrayima Nas known to his followers as Baay Father in Wolof The name in Arabic means The City of Baay Saam Sam in French west of Medina Baay in the north of Kaolack also founded by Ibrayima Nas Saam was originally designated as the fields and orchards of Ibrayima Nas s disciples but since the 1970s the trees have been replaced by houses Ndoorong Ndorong in French west of Saam founded by Bashiru Mbakke and his Murid disciples Coofog Thiofoke in French north of Saam which existed before Kaolack as a Serer village ruled by the Guelowar dynasty International relations editSee also List of twin towns and sister cities in Senegal Twin towns Sister cities edit Kaolack is twinned with nbsp Aosta Italy nbsp Merignac France 6 nbsp Memphis United StatesNotable people editAdji Bousso Dieng Senegalese computer scientist and statisticianSee also editRailway stations in SenegalReferences edit Kesteloot Lilyan Veirman Anja 1999 Un lieu de memoire sans stele et sans visite guidee le culte du Mboose a Kaolack Senegal Histoire d Afrique les enjeux de memoire in French Paris Karthala p 83 91 Salm Steven J Falola Toyin 2005 African Urban Spaces in Historical Perspective University Rochester Press p 256 ISBN 978 1 58046 314 0 Wright Zachary Valentine 2015 02 04 Living Knowledge in West African Islam The Sufi Community of Ibrahim Niasse BRILL p 3 ISBN 978 90 04 28946 8 World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991 2020 Kaolack National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved January 9 2024 Climate Averages for Kaolack PDF in German DWD Retrieved 7 September 2022 National Commission for Decentralised cooperation Delegation pour l Action Exterieure des Collectivites Territoriales Ministere des Affaires etrangeres in French Archived from the original on 2013 10 08 Retrieved 2013 12 26 External links editPeace Corps Senegal Kaolack Page Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kaolack amp oldid 1194680758, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
