Kaby Lake

Kaby Lake is Intel's codename for its seventh generation Core microprocessor family announced on August 30, 2016.^[7] Like the preceding Skylake, Kaby Lake is produced using a 14 nanometer manufacturing process technology.^[8] Breaking with Intel's previous "tick–tock" manufacturing and design model, Kaby Lake represents the optimized step of the newer process–architecture–optimization model.^[9] Kaby Lake began shipping to manufacturers and OEMs in the second quarter of 2016,^[10][11] with its desktop chips officially launched in January 2017.

Kaby Lake

Intel Celeron G3930
General information
Launched	August 30, 2016; 7 years ago (August 30, 2016)
Discontinued	October 9, 2020 (desktop processors)^[1]
CPUID code	0806e9h, 0806eah, 0906e9h
Product code	80677
Performance
Max. CPU clock rate	1.00 GHz to 4.5 GHz
Cache
L1 cache	64 KB^[a] per core (32 KB instructions + 32 KB data)
L2 cache	256 KB per core
L3 cache	Up to 8 MB, share
L4 cache	64 MB of eDRAM (on models with Iris Plus graphics)
Architecture and classification
Technology node	Intel 14FF+
Microarchitecture	Skylake
Instruction set	x86-64
Instructions	x86-64
Extensions	MMX, AES-NI, CLMUL, FMA3, RDRAND SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4, SSE4.1, SSE4.2 AVX, AVX2, TXT, TSX, SGX VT-x, VT-d
Physical specifications
Cores	2–4
Socket(s)	LGA 1151 LGA 2066 BGA1356^[2] BGA1440^[3] BGA1515^[4]
Products, models, variants
Product code name(s)	KBL
Brand name(s)	Core m3 Core i3 Core i5 Core i7 Celeron Pentium Xeon
History
Predecessor(s)	Skylake
Successor(s)	Desktop: Coffee Lake Mobile: Whiskey Lake Servers and enthusiast desktop: Cascade Lake^[5]^[6]
Support status
Legacy support for iGPU

In August 2017, Intel announced Kaby Lake Refresh (Kaby Lake R) marketed as the 8th generation mobile CPUs, breaking the long cycle where architectures matched the corresponding generations of CPUs and meanwhile also supporting Windows 11.^[12][13] Skylake was anticipated to be succeeded by the 10 nanometer Cannon Lake, but it was announced in July 2015 that Cannon Lake had been delayed until the second half of 2017.^[14][15] In the meantime, Intel released a fourth 14 nm generation on October 5, 2017, named Coffee Lake. Cannon Lake would ultimately emerge in 2018, but only a single mobile CPU was released before it was discontinued the following year.^[16][17]

Development history

As with previous Intel processors (such as the 8088, Banias, Dothan, Conroe, Sandy Bridge, Ivy Bridge, and Skylake), Kaby Lake's development was led by Intel's Israeli team, based in Haifa.^[18] Intel Israel Development Centers manager Ran Senderovitz said: "When we started out on the project, we were only thinking about basic improvements from the previous generation. But we began looking at things differently with a lot of innovation and determination and we achieved major improvements." He added that the performance of the seventh generation chips was improved by 12% for applications and 19% for Internet use compared with the sixth generation chips.^[19] Third-party benchmarks do not confirm these percentages as far as gaming is concerned.^[20]

Features

Built on an improved 14 nm process (14FF+), Kaby Lake features faster CPU clock speeds, clock speed changes, and higher Turbo frequencies. Beyond these process and clock speed changes, little of the CPU architecture has changed from Skylake,^[21] resulting in identical IPC (Instructions Per Clock).^[7]

Kaby Lake features a new graphics architecture to improve performance in 3D graphics and 4K video playback.^[7][22] It adds native HDCP 2.2 support,^[23] along with fixed function decode of H.264 (AVC), HEVC Main and Main10/10-bit, and VP9 10-bit and 8-bit video.^{[21][24][25][26]} Hardware encode is supported for H.264 (AVC), HEVC Main10/10-bit, and VP9 8-bit video. VP9 10-bit encode is not supported in hardware. Both OpenGL 4.6 and OpenCL 3.0 are now supported.^[27]

Kaby Lake is the first Core architecture to support hyper-threading for the Pentium-branded desktop CPU SKU. Kaby Lake also features the first overclocking-enabled i3-branded CPU.

Architecture changes compared to Skylake

Kaby Lake features the same CPU core and performance per MHz as Skylake. Features specific to Kaby Lake include:

CPU

• Intel claims 10x performance/Watt over Nehalem (up from 8x on Skylake)^[28]
• Increased clock speeds on some CPUs models
• Faster clock speed changes (improved Intel Speed Shift^[29] technology): it takes less time for the CPU to transition from one frequency to another, e.g. from a low-power state to a high-performance state – consequently this may bring an increase in performance and responsiveness
• Add hardware MBEC support^[30]

GPU

• Gen 9.5 (From Gen 9)
  • Add support for Microsoft PlayReady 3.0
  • HDCP 2.2
  • Add 1.4 Embedded DisplayPort (From 1.3)
• Improved graphics core: full hardware fixed function HEVC/VP9 (including 4K@60fps/10bit) decoding;^[31] improved hardware HEVC encoding; full hardware fixed function VP9 8bit encoding; higher GPU clock speeds for select CPUs

I/O

• 200 series (Union Point) chipset on socket 1151 (Kaby Lake is compatible with 100 series chipset motherboards after a BIOS update)
• Up to 16 PCI Express 3.0 lanes from the CPU, 24 PCI Express 3.0 lanes from PCH
• Support for Intel Optane Memory storage caching (only on motherboards with the 200 series chipsets)
• Support for PTWRITE instruction to write data to an Intel Processor Trace packet stream

Starting from this generation, the built-in GPus core supports HAGS in the Windows 10 version of 2004 or newer, but currently support is only provided with insider drivers.

Operating system support

Intel began to add Kaby Lake support to the Linux kernel on version 4.5.^[32] A P state bug was fixed in kernel 4.10 that had prevented motherboards from activating the processors' turbo frequencies.^[33]

Under new policies established in January 2016, Microsoft only supports an NT 10.0-based Windows platform on newly-released CPU microarchitectures, beginning with Kaby Lake and AMD Bristol Ridge. Therefore, Microsoft only supports Kaby Lake under Windows 10,^[34][35] and Windows Update blocks updates from being installed on Kaby Lake systems running versions older than Windows 10. In support of this restriction, Intel provides chipset drivers for Windows 10 only, although VirtualBox provides drivers for other versions.^[36][37][38] An enthusiast-created modification was released that disabled the Windows Update check and allowed Windows 8.1 and earlier to continue to be updated on Skylake and later platforms.^[39]

Support for every Kaby Lake processor and older was dropped by Windows 11, excluding all Kaby Lake R, Skylake-X and Amber Lake processors as well as the Core i7-7820HQ and X series.^[40]

Known issues

Kaby Lake has a critical flaw where some short loops may cause unpredictable system behavior. The issue can be fixed if the motherboard manufacturer releases a BIOS update with the fix.^[41][42]

TDP classification

Thermal design power (TDP) is the designed maximum heat generated by the chip running a specific workload at base clock. On a single microarchitecture, as the heat produced increases with voltage and frequency, this thermal design limit can also limit the maximum frequency of the processor.^[43] However, CPU testing and binning allows for products with lower voltage/power at a particular frequency, or higher frequency within the same power limit.^[44][45]

Desktop processors:

• High-power (K/X):
  • For dual-core: 60 W
  • For quad-core: 91 W (LGA1151) - 112W (LGA2066)
• Medium-power:
  • For dual-core: 51...54 W
  • For quad-core: 65 W
• Low-power (T): 35 W

Mobile processors:

• High-power (H): 45 W with configurable TDP-down to 35 W
• Medium-power (U): 15...28 W with configurable TDP-down to 7.5 W
• Low-power (Y): 5...7 W with configurable TDP-down to 3.5 W

List of 7th generation Kaby Lake processors

Desktop processors

 

Intel Celeron G3930 die shot

 

Intel Celeron G3930 top view

 

Intel Celeron G3930 bottom view

Features common to desktop Kaby Lake CPUs:

• LGA 1151 socket (Except the Core i7-7740X and Core i5-7640X, which use the LGA 2066 socket.)
• DMI 3.0 and PCIe 3.0 interfaces
• Dual channel memory support in the following configurations: DDR3L-1600 1.35 V (32 GB maximum) or DDR4-2400 1.2 V (64 GB maximum)
  • The Core i7-7740X and Core i5-7640X support DDR4-2666 (64 GB maximum), but not DDR3L memory.
• A total of 16 PCIe lanes
• The Core-branded processors support the AVX2 instruction set. The Celeron and Pentium-branded ones support only SSE4.1/4.2.
• 350 MHz base graphics clock rate
  • The Core i7 7740X and Core i5 7640x do not have an integrated GPU.
• No L4 cache (eDRAM)
• A release date of January 3, 2017 (KBL-S) and June 2017 (KBL-X)

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	CPU clock rate	Turbo clock GHz Num of cores			GPU	Max GPU clock rate	L3 cache	TDP	Socket	Price (USD)
				1	2	4
Core i7	7740X	4 (8)	4.3 GHz	4.5	4.5	4.5	—		8 MB^[a]	112 W	LGA 2066	$350
	7700K		4.2 GHz	4.5	4.4	4.4	HD 630	1150 MHz		91 W	LGA 1151
	7700		3.6 GHz	4.2	4.1	4.0				65 W		$312
	7700T		2.9 GHz	3.8	3.7	3.6				35 W
Core i5	7640X	4 (4)	4.0 GHz	4.2	4.2	4.0	—		6 MB	112 W	LGA 2066	$250
	7600K		3.8 GHz	4.2	4.1	4.0	HD 630	1150 MHz		91 W	LGA 1151
	7600		3.5 GHz	4.1	4.0	3.9				65 W		$224
	7600T		2.8 GHz	3.7	3.6	3.5		1100 MHz		35 W
	7500		3.4 GHz	3.8	3.7	3.6				65 W		$202
	7500T		2.7 GHz	3.3	3.2	3.1				35 W
	7400		3.0 GHz	3.5	3.4	3.3		1000 MHz		65 W		$182
	7400T		2.4 GHz	3.0	2.9	2.7				35 W		$187
Core i3	7350K	2 (4)	4.2 GHz	—				1150 MHz	4 MB	60 W		$179
	7320		4.1 GHz							51 W		$157
	7300		4.0 GHz									$147
	7300T		3.5 GHz					1100 MHz		35 W
	7100		3.9 GHz						3 MB	51 W		$117
	7100T		3.4 GHz							35 W
	7101E		3.9 GHz							54 W
	7101TE		3.4 GHz							35 W
Pentium	G4620		3.7 GHz							51 W		$93
	G4600		3.6 GHz									$82
	G4600T		3.0 GHz					1050 MHz		35 W		$75
	G4560		3.5 GHz				HD 610			54 W		$64
	G4560T		2.9 GHz							35 W
Celeron	G3950	2 (2)	3.0 GHz						2 MB	51 W		$52
	G3930		2.9 GHz									$42
	G3930T		2.7 GHz					1000 MHz		35 W

Mobile processors

High power

Maximum PCIe Lanes: 16. Release date: Q1 2017.

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	CPU clock rate	Turbo clock GHz Num of cores			GPU	Max GPU clock rate	L3 cache	TDP	cTDP		Price (USD)
				1	2	4		Max.			Up	Down
Core i7	7920HQ	4 (8)	3.1 GHz	4.1	3.9	3.7	HD 630	1100 MHz	8 MB	45 W	—	35 W	$568
	7820HQ		2.9 GHz	3.9	3.7	3.5							$378
	7820HK
	7700HQ		2.8 GHz	3.8	3.6	3.4			6 MB
Core i5	7440HQ	4 (4)						1000 MHz					$250
	7300HQ		2.5 GHz	3.5	3.3	3.1
Core i3	7100H	2 (4)	3.0 GHz	—				950 MHz	3 MB	35 W		—	$225

Low/medium power

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	CPU clock rate	Turbo clock		GPU	Max GPU clock rate	L3 cache	L4 cache	Max. PCIe lanes	TDP	cTDP		Release date	Price (USD)
				Single core	Dual core							Up	Down
Core i7	7Y75	2 (4)	1.3 GHz	3.6 GHz	3.4 GHz	HD 615	1050 MHz	4 MB	—	10	4.5 W	7 W	3.5 W	Q3 2016	$393
	7500U		2.7 GHz	3.5 GHz	3.5 GHz	HD 620				12	15 W	25 W	7.5 W
	7560U		2.4 GHz	3.8 GHz	3.7 GHz	Iris Plus 640			64 MB			—	9.5 W	Q1 2017	$415
	7660U		2.5 GHz	4.0 GHz	3.8 GHz		1100 MHz
	7567U		3.5 GHz	4.0 GHz	3.9 GHz	Iris Plus 650	1150 MHz				28 W		23 W		?
	7600U		2.8 GHz	3.9 GHz	3.9 GHz	HD 620			—		15 W	25 W	7.5 W		$393
Core i5	7200U	2 (4)	2.5 GHz	3.1 GHz	3.1 GHz	HD 620	1000 MHz	3 MB	—	12	15 W	25 W	7.5 W	Q3 2016	$281
	7Y54		1.2 GHz	3.2 GHz	2.8 GHz	HD 615	950 MHz	4 MB		10	4.5 W	7 W	3.5 W
	7Y57		1.2 GHz	3.3 GHz	2.9 GHz						15 W			Q1 2017
	7260U		2.2 GHz	3.4 GHz	3.4 GHz	Iris Plus 640			64 MB	12		—	9.5 W		$304
	7267U		3.1 GHz	3.5 GHz	3.5 GHz	Iris Plus 650	1050 MHz				28 W		23 W		?
	7287U		3.3 GHz	3.7 GHz	3.7 GHz		1100 MHz
	7300U		2.6 GHz	3.5 GHz	3.5 GHz	HD 620		3 MB	—		15 W	25 W	7.5 W		$281
	7360U		2.3 GHz	3.6 GHz	3.6 GHz	Iris Plus 640	1000 MHz	4 MB	64 MB			—	9.5 W		?
Core i3	7100U	2 (4)	2.4 GHz	—		HD 620	1000 MHz	3 MB	—	12	15 W	—	7.5 W	Q3 2016	$281
	7167U		2.8 GHz			Iris Plus 650			64 MB		28 W		23 W	Q1 2017	?
	7130U		2.7 GHz			HD 620			—		15 W		7.5 W	Q2 2017	$281
	7020U		2.3 GHz											Q2 2018
Core m3	7Y32	2 (4)	1.1 GHz	3.0 GHz	?	HD 615	900 MHz	4 MB	—	10	4.5 W	7 W	3.75 W	Q2 2017	$281
	7Y30		1.0 GHz	2.6 GHz									3.5 W	Q3 2016
Pentium Gold	4410Y	2 (4)	1.5 GHz	—		HD 615	850 MHz	2 MB	—	10	6 W	—	4.5 W	Q1 2017	$161
	4415Y		1.6 GHz
	4415U		2.3 GHz			HD 610	950 MHz				15 W		10 W
Celeron	3965U	2 (2)	2.2 GHz	—		HD 610	900 MHz	2 MB	—	10	15 W	—	10 W	Q1 2017	$107
	3865U		1.8 GHz
	3965Y		1.5 GHz			HD 615	850 MHz				6 W		4.5 W	Q2 2017

Server/workstation Xeon processors

Target segment	Cores (threads)	Model	CPU clock rate	Turbo clock GHz Num of cores			GPU	Max GPU clock rate	L3 cache	TDP	Release date	Price (USD)
				1	2	4
Server	4 (8)	E3-1285 v6	4.1 GHz	4.5	?		HD P630	1150 MHz	8 MB	79 W	Q3 2017	$450
		E3-1280 v6	3.9 GHz	4.2			—			72 W	Q1 2017	$612↘383
		E3-1275 v6	3.8 GHz				HD P630	1150 MHz		73 W		$339
		E3-1270 v6					—			72 W		$328
		E3-1245 v6	3.7 GHz	4.1			HD P630	1150 MHz		73 W		$284
		E3-1240 v6					—			72 W		$272
		E3-1230 v6	3.5 GHz	3.9								$250
	4 (4)	E3-1225 v6	3.3 GHz	3.7			HD P630	1150 MHz		73 W		$213
		E3-1220 v6	3.0 GHz	3.5			—			72 W		$193
Mobile	4 (8)	E3-1535M v6	3.1 GHz	4.2			HD P630	1100 MHz		45 W		$623
		E3-1505M v6	3.0 GHz	4.0								$434
Embedded		E3-1505L v6	2.2 GHz	3.0				1000 MHz		25 W		$433

List of 8th generation Kaby Lake R processors

Mobile processors

Low/medium power

In late 2016, it was reported that Intel had been working on a processor family codenamed “Kaby Lake R” ("R" for "Refresh").^[46] On August 21, 2017, the eighth generation mobile CPUs were announced.^[47] The first products released were four "Kaby Lake R" processors with a 15W TDP.^[48] This marketing is distinct from previous generational changes of the Core product line, where a new generation coincided with a new microarchitecture.^[49] Intel has stated that the 8th generation would be based on multiple microarchitectures, including Kaby Lake R, Coffee Lake, and Cannon Lake.^[50]

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	CPU clock rate	Turbo clock GHz Num of cores			GPU	Max GPU clock rate	L3 cache	TDP	cTDP		Release date	Price (USD)
				1	2	4					Up	Down
Core i7	8650U	4 (8)	1.9 GHz	4.2	4.2	3.9	UHD 620	1150 MHz	8 MB	15 W	25 W	10 W	Q3 2017	$409
	8550U		1.8 GHz	4.0	4.0	3.7
Core i5	8350U		1.7 GHz	3.6	3.6	3.6		1100 MHz	6 MB					$297
	8250U		1.6 GHz	3.4	3.4	3.4
Core i3	8130U	2 (4)	2.2 GHz	3.4	3.4	—		1000 MHz	4 MB	15 W	—	10 W	Q1 2018	$281
Pentium Gold	4417U		2.3 GHz	—			HD 610	950 MHz	2 MB	15 W		12.5 W	Q1 2019	$161

List of 8th generation Kaby Lake G processors

Mobile processors

High power

Maximum number of PCIe lanes: 8. One-package processors with discrete graphics chip - it is connected with main CPU core using a PCI Express link through an embedded multi-die interconnect bridge (EMIB).^[51] Release date: Q1 2018.

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	CPU clock rate	Turbo clock GHz Num of cores			GPU	Max GPU clock rate	Discrete GPU	L3 cache	TDP	Price (USD)
				1	2	4
Core i7	8809G	4 (8)	3.1 GHz	4.2	Un­known		HD 630	1100 MHz	Radeon RX Vega M GH	8 MB	100 W	?
	8709G			4.1								?
	8706G								Radeon RX Vega M GL		65 W	?
	8705G											$523^[52]
Core i5	8305G		2.8 GHz	3.8						6 MB		?

Discrete GPU specifications

Discrete GPU	Units		Clock rate		Memory
	Computing	Shading	Base	Max.	Size	Bandwidth	Bus type	Bus width
Radeon RX Vega M GH	24	1536	1063 MHz	1190 MHz	4 GB	204.8 GB/s	HBM2	1024 bit
Radeon RX Vega M GL	20	1280	931 MHz	1011 MHz		179.2 GB/s

List of 8th generation Amber Lake Y processors

On August 28, 2018, Intel announced a refreshed lineup of ultra low power mobile Kaby Lake CPUs under the moniker Amber Lake.^[53]

Mobile processors

Low power

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	CPU clock rate		GPU	Max GPU clock rate	L3 cache	TDP	cTDP		Release date	Price
			Base	Max turbo					Up	Down
Core i7	8500Y	2 (4)	1.5 GHz	4.2 GHz	UHD 615	1050 MHz	4 MB	5 W	7 W	3.5 W	Q1 2019	$393
Core i5	8310Y		1.6 GHz	3.9 GHz	UHD 617			7 W	—			$281
	8210Y			3.6 GHz
	8200Y		1.3 GHz	3.9 GHz	UHD 615	950 MHz		5 W	7 W	3.5 W	Q3 2018	$291
Core i3	8100Y		1.1 GHz	3.4 GHz		900 MHz			8 W	4.5 W		$281
Pentium Gold	4425Y		1.7 GHz	—		850 MHz	2 MB	6 W	—	4.5 W	Q1 2019	$161

List of 10th generation Amber Lake Y processors

On August 21, 2019, Intel announced^[54] their 10th generation Amber Lake^[55] ultra low power CPUs.

Mobile processors

Processor branding	Model	Cores (threads)	CPU clock rate		GPU	Max GPU clock rate	L3 cache	TDP	cTDP		Price
			Base	Max turbo					Up	Down
Core i7	10510Y	4 (8)	1.2 GHz	4.5 GHz	UHD	1150 MHz	8 MB	7 W	9 W	4.5 W	$403
Core i5	10310Y		1.1 GHz	4.1 GHz		1050 MHz	6 MB			5.5 W	$292
	10210Y		1.0 GHz	4.0 GHz
Core i3	10110Y	2 (4)				1000 MHz	4 MB				$287
Pentium Gold	6500Y	2 (4)	1.1 GHz	3.4 GHz		900 MHz	4 MB	5 W	7 W	3.5 W

See also

• List of Intel CPU microarchitectures
• List of Intel codenames
• Xeon - enterprise workstation x86 microprocessors

Notes

1. Transistorized memory, such as RAM, ROM, flash and cache sizes as well as file sizes are specified using binary meanings for K (1024¹), M (1024²), G (1024³), etc.

References

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