In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Varela and the second or maternal family name is Iglesias.
José Enrique Varela Iglesias, 1st Marquis of San Fernando de Varela (17 April 1891 – 24 March 1951) was a Spanish military officer noted for his role as a Nationalist commander in the Spanish Civil War.
Varela started his military career as an enlisted man in the Spanish Marines for three years starting in 1909.[1] Varela initially enlisted as a recruit in the same regiment his father served as sergeant.[2] He rose from private to the rank of sergeant and then enrolled at infantry school in Spain and graduated as a lieutenant.
Returning to Morocco, he distinguished himself in action and King Alfonso XIII awarded him the Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand, Spain's highest military award, on two separate occasions, an unmatched honor for bravery in battle. He commanded native Moroccan troops of Regulares and rose to the rank of captain by merit and participated in several campaigns in the Morocco war, the principal one being the joint Franco-Spanish amphibious landing at Alhucemas in 1925. This landing altered the course of the Morocco War and hastened its end. Shortly thereafter he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and to colonel at the end of the war.
During the early 1930s, he was assigned as a member of a military mission that spent time in Germany, Switzerland, Belgium and France to broaden their military knowledge. With the coming of the Republic, he participated in the abortive José Sanjurjo uprising in 1932 for which he was imprisoned. He was released and joined the Carlists and organized the militia or the paramilitary units of the Carlists, the Requetés, into the formidable military organization that it became in the Spanish Civil War. Disguised as a priest, Uncle Pepe, he traveled along the Pyrenean villages organizing the people and readying them for war.[3] He actively participated in the planning for the rising that started the Spanish Civil War. In April 1936, the government found out about his plotting and imprisoned him.[4]
The Civil War
In jail in Cadiz when the rising started, he was released on 18 July and helped secure Cadiz for the insurrection.[5] He participated in many of the campaigns of the War including, Seville, Córdoba, Malaga, Extremadura, Tagus Valley, Alcázar, Madrid, Jarama, Brunete, Teruel and the Ebro.
In Francoist Spain
Ending the war with the rank of major general, he was appointed minister of war in Franco's August 1939 government and was considered a representative of the Carlist faction there.[6] During his ministry the Spanish army was purged of a small number of officers and NCOs who were considered politically unreliable.[7]
Following the fall of France in 1940 and Hitler's subsequent overtures to Franco, Varela was anti-national socialist and a leading opponent of Spanish entry into the war on the Axis side,[8] although he did endorse the Blue Division's participation on the Eastern Front fighting the Soviet Union.
As tensions between Carlists and Falangists within the government rose during 1942, Varela suggested to Franco that Carlists were underrepresented and proposed several schemes for a reorganization of the cabinet.[9] Violence between the factions broke out at the Basilica of Begoña on 16 August 1942, when Falangists attacked a Carlist crowd with grenades, causing many injuries and possibly several deaths. Varela, who was inside the church at the time, took the initiative against the Falangists and portrayed the Begoña Bombing as an attack on the army and a possible assassination attempt in telegrams to officials throughout the country, displeasing Franco.[10] In the following cabinet reshuffle in September, Varela was replaced as army minister by General Carlos Asensio Cabanillas.
Franco subsequently granted Varela a posthumous marquisate title as Marquis of San Fernando de Varela.[13] After his death he was also granted the title of Captain General of the Army, passed from the also deceased former dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera in 1951 (until 1952, when the title was granted also posthumously to the General Juan Yagüe).[14] He is the only Spanish soldier to have risen from the rank of private to Captain General, the highest rank in the Army.[15]
Notes
^"HISTORIA y MILICIA. El Cuaderno de Jesús Núñez.: JOSÉ ENRIQUE VARELA IGLESIAS: EL INFANTE DE MARINA QUE FUE MINISTRO DEL EJÉRCITO". 6 March 2014.
^Julio Martín Alarcón (18 July 2016). "Varela, el general íntimo de Franco que se enfrentó a la Falange". El Mundo (in Spanish). from the original on 30 October 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
^Hugh Thomas, The Spanish Civil War, (2001), p. 122
josé, enrique, varela, this, spanish, name, first, paternal, surname, varela, second, maternal, family, name, iglesias, iglesias, marquis, fernando, varela, april, 1891, march, 1951, spanish, military, officer, noted, role, nationalist, commander, spanish, civ. In this Spanish name the first or paternal surname is Varela and the second or maternal family name is Iglesias Jose Enrique Varela Iglesias 1st Marquis of San Fernando de Varela 17 April 1891 24 March 1951 was a Spanish military officer noted for his role as a Nationalist commander in the Spanish Civil War Jose Enrique VarelaBirth nameJose Enrique VarelaBorn 1891 04 17 17 April 1891San Fernando Cadiz Kingdom of SpainDied24 March 1951 1951 03 24 aged 59 Tangier International ZoneAllegianceKingdom of Spain 1904 1931 Spanish Republic 1931 1936 Nationalist Spain 1936 1951 Service wbr branch Spanish ArmyYears of service1904 1951RankGeneralBattles warsRif WarSpanish Civil WarAwardsLaureate Cross of Saint FerdinandSignature Contents 1 Early career 2 The Civil War 3 In Francoist Spain 4 Notes 5 BibliographyEarly career EditVarela started his military career as an enlisted man in the Spanish Marines for three years starting in 1909 1 Varela initially enlisted as a recruit in the same regiment his father served as sergeant 2 He rose from private to the rank of sergeant and then enrolled at infantry school in Spain and graduated as a lieutenant Returning to Morocco he distinguished himself in action and King Alfonso XIII awarded him the Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand Spain s highest military award on two separate occasions an unmatched honor for bravery in battle He commanded native Moroccan troops of Regulares and rose to the rank of captain by merit and participated in several campaigns in the Morocco war the principal one being the joint Franco Spanish amphibious landing at Alhucemas in 1925 This landing altered the course of the Morocco War and hastened its end Shortly thereafter he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and to colonel at the end of the war During the early 1930s he was assigned as a member of a military mission that spent time in Germany Switzerland Belgium and France to broaden their military knowledge With the coming of the Republic he participated in the abortive Jose Sanjurjo uprising in 1932 for which he was imprisoned He was released and joined the Carlists and organized the militia or the paramilitary units of the Carlists the Requetes into the formidable military organization that it became in the Spanish Civil War Disguised as a priest Uncle Pepe he traveled along the Pyrenean villages organizing the people and readying them for war 3 He actively participated in the planning for the rising that started the Spanish Civil War In April 1936 the government found out about his plotting and imprisoned him 4 The Civil War EditIn jail in Cadiz when the rising started he was released on 18 July and helped secure Cadiz for the insurrection 5 He participated in many of the campaigns of the War including Seville Cordoba Malaga Extremadura Tagus Valley Alcazar Madrid Jarama Brunete Teruel and the Ebro In Francoist Spain EditEnding the war with the rank of major general he was appointed minister of war in Franco s August 1939 government and was considered a representative of the Carlist faction there 6 During his ministry the Spanish army was purged of a small number of officers and NCOs who were considered politically unreliable 7 Following the fall of France in 1940 and Hitler s subsequent overtures to Franco Varela was anti national socialist and a leading opponent of Spanish entry into the war on the Axis side 8 although he did endorse the Blue Division s participation on the Eastern Front fighting the Soviet Union As tensions between Carlists and Falangists within the government rose during 1942 Varela suggested to Franco that Carlists were underrepresented and proposed several schemes for a reorganization of the cabinet 9 Violence between the factions broke out at the Basilica of Begona on 16 August 1942 when Falangists attacked a Carlist crowd with grenades causing many injuries and possibly several deaths Varela who was inside the church at the time took the initiative against the Falangists and portrayed the Begona Bombing as an attack on the army and a possible assassination attempt in telegrams to officials throughout the country displeasing Franco 10 In the following cabinet reshuffle in September Varela was replaced as army minister by General Carlos Asensio Cabanillas In 1945 Franco appointed Varela as high commissioner of Spanish Morocco 11 He was later made captain general of Madrid He died of leukemia in 1951 12 Franco subsequently granted Varela a posthumous marquisate title as Marquis of San Fernando de Varela 13 After his death he was also granted the title of Captain General of the Army passed from the also deceased former dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera in 1951 until 1952 when the title was granted also posthumously to the General Juan Yague 14 He is the only Spanish soldier to have risen from the rank of private to Captain General the highest rank in the Army 15 Notes Edit HISTORIA y MILICIA El Cuaderno de Jesus Nunez JOSE ENRIQUE VARELA IGLESIAS EL INFANTE DE MARINA QUE FUE MINISTRO DEL EJERCITO 6 March 2014 Julio Martin Alarcon 18 July 2016 Varela el general intimo de Franco que se enfrento a la Falange El Mundo in Spanish Archived from the original on 30 October 2016 Retrieved 26 April 2018 Hugh Thomas The Spanish Civil War 2001 p 122 Hugh Thomas 2001 p 165 Hugh Thomas 2001 p 212 Payne Stanley G 1987 The Franco regime 1936 1975 Madison Wis University of Wisconsin Press p 235 ISBN 978 0 299 11073 4 OCLC 787844292 Payne 1987 p 244 Payne 1987 p 275 Payne 1987 p 303 Payne 1987 p 308 Payne 1987 p 347 Payne 1987 p 380 Hugh Thomas 2001 p 921 Guaita Martorell 1986 p 43 Varela la historia del general antifascista de Franco 6 March 2012 Bibliography EditGuaita Martorell Aurelio 1986 Capitanes y capitanias generales Revista de Administracion Publica Madrid Centro de Estudios Politicos y Constitucionales 111 7 50 ISSN 0034 7639 Government officesNew title Minister of the Army9 August 1939 3 September 1942 Succeeded byCarlos Asensio CabanillasPreceded byLuis Orgaz Yoldi High Commissioner of the Spanish protectorate in Morocco4 March 1945 24 March 1951 Succeeded byRafael Garcia ValinoSpanish nobilityNew creation Marquis of San Fernando de Varela1951 Succeeded byJose Enrique Varela y Ampuero Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jose Enrique Varela amp oldid 1138443266, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
