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José de Alencar

January 07, 2023

For other uses, see José de Alencar (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with former Brazilian Vice President José Alencar.

José Martiniano de Alencar (May 1, 1829 – December 12, 1877) was a Brazilian lawyer, politician, orator, novelist and dramatist. He is considered to be one of the most famous and influential Brazilian Romantic novelists of the 19th century, and a major exponent of the literary tradition known as "Indianism". Sometimes he signed his works with the pen name Erasmo. He was patron of the 23rd chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.

José de Alencar
José de Alencar, c. 1870
BornJosé Martiniano de Alencar
(1829-05-01)May 1, 1829
Fortaleza, Empire of Brazil
DiedDecember 12, 1877(1877-12-12) (aged 48)
Rio de Janeiro, Empire of Brazil
Pen nameErasmo
Ig
OccupationLawyer, politician, orator, novelist, dramatist
NationalityBrazilian
Alma materUniversity of São Paulo
Literary movementRomanticism
Notable worksO Guarani, Senhora, Lucíola, Iracema, Ubirajara
SpouseGeorgina Augusta Cochrane
ChildrenAugusto de Alencar, Mário de Alencar
RelativesJosé Martiniano Pereira de Alencar, Leonel Martiniano de Alencar
Signature

Biography

 
The house where José de Alencar was born and lived in until 1844, in the Messejana neighborhood, in Fortaleza

José Martiniano de Alencar was born in Messejana, Fortaleza, Ceará, on May 1, 1829, to politician José Martiniano Pereira de Alencar and his cousin Ana Josefina de Alencar. His family was a rich and influential clan in Northeastern Brazil, his grandmother being famous landowner Barbara Pereira de Alencar, heroine of the Pernambucan Revolution. Moving to São Paulo in 1844, he graduated in Law at the Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo in 1850 and started his career in law in Rio de Janeiro. Invited by his friend Francisco Otaviano, he became a collaborator for the journal Correio Mercantil. He also wrote many chronicles for the Diário do Rio de Janeiro and the Jornal do Commercio. Alencar would compile all the chronicles he wrote for these newspapers in 1874, under the name Ao Correr da Pena.

It was in the Diário do Rio de Janeiro, during the year of 1856, that Alencar gained notoriety, writing the Cartas sobre A Confederação dos Tamoios, under the pseudonym Ig. In them, he bitterly criticized the homonymous poem by Gonçalves de Magalhães. Even the Brazilian Emperor Pedro II, who esteemed Magalhães very much, participated in this polemic, albeit under a pseudonym. Also in 1856, he wrote and published under feuilleton form his first romance, Cinco Minutos, that received critical acclaim. In the following year, his breakthrough novel, O Guarani, was released; it would be adapted into a famous opera by Brazilian composer Antônio Carlos Gomes 13 years later. O Guarani would be first novel of what is informally called Alencar's "Indianist Trilogy" – a series of three novels by Alencar that focused on the foundations of the Brazilian nation, and on its indigenous peoples and culture. The other two novels, Iracema and Ubirajara, would be published on 1865 and 1874, respectively. Although called a trilogy, the three books are unrelated in their plots.

 
Monument to José de Alencar in Rio de Janeiro

Alencar was affiliated with the Conservative Party of Brazil, being elected as a general deputy for Ceará. He was the Brazilian Minister of Justice from 1868 to 1870, having famously opposed the abolition of slavery.[1] He also planned to be a senator, but Pedro II never appointed him, under the pretext of Alencar being too young;[2] with his feelings hurt, he would abandon politics later.

He was very close friends with the also famous writer Machado de Assis, who wrote an article in 1866 praising his novel Iracema, that was published the year before, comparing his Indianist works to Gonçalves Dias, saying that "Alencar was in prose what Dias was in poetry". When Assis founded the Brazilian Academy of Letters in 1897, he chose Alencar as the patron of his chair.

In 1864 he married Georgina Augusta Cochrane, daughter of an eccentric British aristocrat. They would have six children – Augusto (who would be the Brazilian Minister of External Relations in 1919, and also the Brazilian ambassador on the United States from 1920 to 1924), Clarisse, Ceci, Elisa, Mário (who would be a journalist and writer, and a member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters) and Adélia. (It is implied that Mário de Alencar was actually an illegitimate son of Machado de Assis, a fact that inspired Assis to write his famous novel Dom Casmurro.[3])

Alencar died in Rio de Janeiro in 1877, a victim of tuberculosis. A theatre in Fortaleza, the Theatro José de Alencar, was named after him. His works were marked by the influence of his Roman Catholic faith.[4][5]

Works

Novels

Theatre plays

  • O Crédito (1857)
  • Verso e Reverso (1857)
  • O Demônio Familiar (1857)
  • As Asas de um Anjo (1858)
  • Mãe (1860)
  • A Expiação (1867)
  • O Jesuíta (1875)

Chronicles

  • Ao Correr da Pena (1874)

Autobiography

  • Como e Por Que sou Romancista (1873)

Critics and polemics

  • Cartas sobre A Confederação dos Tamoios (1856)
  • Cartas Políticas de Erasmo (1865 — 1866)
  • O Sistema Representativo (1866)

References

  1. ^ . www.hedra.com.br. Archived from the original on 2017-03-05.
  2. ^ RODRIGUES, Antonio Edmilson Martins; FALCON, Francisco José Calazans. José de Alencar: O Poeta Armado do Século XIX. [S.l.]: FGV Editora, 2001.
  3. ^ Mário de Alencar: Machado de Assis' son? (in Portuguese)
  4. ^ Sanches, Rafaela Mendes Mano (2019). "Figurações da Religião Cristã Em José de Alencar: Entre Santos, Errantes e Amaldiçoados". Cadernos do Il (58): 134–149. doi:10.22456/2236-6385.92221.
  5. ^ Quelhas, Iza Terezinha Gonçalves (2020). "O Suicídio Na Ficção e No Periódico Católico: A Viuvinha, de José de Alencar, e a Abelha – Verdade e Caridade". Reflexão Estética da Literatura 2. pp. 74–85. doi:10.22533/at.ed.8942026107. ISBN 9786557064894. S2CID 229000993.

External links

 
Portuguese Wikisource has original text related to this article:
José de Alencar (original works in Portuguese)
 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to José de Alencar.
  •   Portuguese Wikiquote has quotations related to: José de Alencar
  • Works by José Martiniano de Alencar at Project Gutenberg
  • Works by or about José de Alencar at Internet Archive
  • Works by José de Alencar at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)  
  • José de Alencar's biography at the official site of the Brazilian Academy of Letters (in Portuguese)
  • A biography of Alencar at the official site of Messejana (in Portuguese)
Preceded by
New creation
  
Brazilian Academy of Letters – Patron of the 23rd chair 		Succeeded by

January 07, 2023
josé, alencar, other, uses, disambiguation, confused, with, former, brazilian, vice, president, josé, alencar, josé, martiniano, alencar, 1829, december, 1877, brazilian, lawyer, politician, orator, novelist, dramatist, considered, most, famous, influential, b. For other uses see Jose de Alencar disambiguation Not to be confused with former Brazilian Vice President Jose Alencar Jose Martiniano de Alencar May 1 1829 December 12 1877 was a Brazilian lawyer politician orator novelist and dramatist He is considered to be one of the most famous and influential Brazilian Romantic novelists of the 19th century and a major exponent of the literary tradition known as Indianism Sometimes he signed his works with the pen name Erasmo He was patron of the 23rd chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters Jose de AlencarJose de Alencar c 1870BornJose Martiniano de Alencar 1829 05 01 May 1 1829Fortaleza Empire of BrazilDiedDecember 12 1877 1877 12 12 aged 48 Rio de Janeiro Empire of BrazilPen nameErasmo IgOccupationLawyer politician orator novelist dramatistNationalityBrazilianAlma materUniversity of Sao PauloLiterary movementRomanticismNotable worksO Guarani Senhora Luciola Iracema UbirajaraSpouseGeorgina Augusta CochraneChildrenAugusto de Alencar Mario de AlencarRelativesJose Martiniano Pereira de Alencar Leonel Martiniano de AlencarSignature Contents 1 Biography 2 Works 2 1 Novels 2 2 Theatre plays 2 3 Chronicles 2 4 Autobiography 2 5 Critics and polemics 3 References 4 External linksBiography Edit The house where Jose de Alencar was born and lived in until 1844 in the Messejana neighborhood in Fortaleza Jose Martiniano de Alencar was born in Messejana Fortaleza Ceara on May 1 1829 to politician Jose Martiniano Pereira de Alencar and his cousin Ana Josefina de Alencar His family was a rich and influential clan in Northeastern Brazil his grandmother being famous landowner Barbara Pereira de Alencar heroine of the Pernambucan Revolution Moving to Sao Paulo in 1844 he graduated in Law at the Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Sao Paulo in 1850 and started his career in law in Rio de Janeiro Invited by his friend Francisco Otaviano he became a collaborator for the journal Correio Mercantil He also wrote many chronicles for the Diario do Rio de Janeiro and the Jornal do Commercio Alencar would compile all the chronicles he wrote for these newspapers in 1874 under the name Ao Correr da Pena It was in the Diario do Rio de Janeiro during the year of 1856 that Alencar gained notoriety writing the Cartas sobre A Confederacao dos Tamoios under the pseudonym Ig In them he bitterly criticized the homonymous poem by Goncalves de Magalhaes Even the Brazilian Emperor Pedro II who esteemed Magalhaes very much participated in this polemic albeit under a pseudonym Also in 1856 he wrote and published under feuilleton form his first romance Cinco Minutos that received critical acclaim In the following year his breakthrough novel O Guarani was released it would be adapted into a famous opera by Brazilian composer Antonio Carlos Gomes 13 years later O Guarani would be first novel of what is informally called Alencar s Indianist Trilogy a series of three novels by Alencar that focused on the foundations of the Brazilian nation and on its indigenous peoples and culture The other two novels Iracema and Ubirajara would be published on 1865 and 1874 respectively Although called a trilogy the three books are unrelated in their plots Monument to Jose de Alencar in Rio de Janeiro Alencar was affiliated with the Conservative Party of Brazil being elected as a general deputy for Ceara He was the Brazilian Minister of Justice from 1868 to 1870 having famously opposed the abolition of slavery 1 He also planned to be a senator but Pedro II never appointed him under the pretext of Alencar being too young 2 with his feelings hurt he would abandon politics later He was very close friends with the also famous writer Machado de Assis who wrote an article in 1866 praising his novel Iracema that was published the year before comparing his Indianist works to Goncalves Dias saying that Alencar was in prose what Dias was in poetry When Assis founded the Brazilian Academy of Letters in 1897 he chose Alencar as the patron of his chair In 1864 he married Georgina Augusta Cochrane daughter of an eccentric British aristocrat They would have six children Augusto who would be the Brazilian Minister of External Relations in 1919 and also the Brazilian ambassador on the United States from 1920 to 1924 Clarisse Ceci Elisa Mario who would be a journalist and writer and a member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters and Adelia It is implied that Mario de Alencar was actually an illegitimate son of Machado de Assis a fact that inspired Assis to write his famous novel Dom Casmurro 3 Alencar died in Rio de Janeiro in 1877 a victim of tuberculosis A theatre in Fortaleza the Theatro Jose de Alencar was named after him His works were marked by the influence of his Roman Catholic faith 4 5 Works EditNovels Edit Cinco Minutos 1856 A Viuvinha 1857 O Guarani 1857 Luciola 1862 Diva 1864 Iracema 1865 As Minas de Prata 1865 1866 O Gaucho 1870 A Pata da Gazela 1870 O Tronco do Ipe 1871 A Guerra dos Mascates 1871 1873 Til 1871 Sonhos d Ouro 1872 Alfarrabios 1873 Ubirajara 1874 O Sertanejo 1875 Senhora 1875 Encarnacao 1893 posthumous Theatre plays Edit O Credito 1857 Verso e Reverso 1857 O Demonio Familiar 1857 As Asas de um Anjo 1858 Mae 1860 A Expiacao 1867 O Jesuita 1875 Chronicles Edit Ao Correr da Pena 1874 Autobiography Edit Como e Por Que sou Romancista 1873 Critics and polemics Edit Cartas sobre A Confederacao dos Tamoios 1856 Cartas Politicas de Erasmo 1865 1866 O Sistema Representativo 1866 Brazil portal Literature portalReferences Edit Cartas a favor da escravidao Hedra www hedra com br Archived from the original on 2017 03 05 RODRIGUES Antonio Edmilson Martins FALCON Francisco Jose Calazans Jose de Alencar O Poeta Armado do Seculo XIX S l FGV Editora 2001 Mario de Alencar Machado de Assis son in Portuguese Sanches Rafaela Mendes Mano 2019 Figuracoes da Religiao Crista Em Jose de Alencar Entre Santos Errantes e Amaldicoados Cadernos do Il 58 134 149 doi 10 22456 2236 6385 92221 Quelhas Iza Terezinha Goncalves 2020 O Suicidio Na Ficcao e No Periodico Catolico A Viuvinha de Jose de Alencar e a Abelha Verdade e Caridade Reflexao Estetica da Literatura 2 pp 74 85 doi 10 22533 at ed 8942026107 ISBN 9786557064894 S2CID 229000993 External links Edit Portuguese Wikisource has original text related to this article Jose de Alencar original works in Portuguese Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jose de Alencar Portuguese Wikiquote has quotations related to Jose de Alencar Works by Jose Martiniano de Alencar at Project Gutenberg Works by or about Jose de Alencar at Internet Archive Works by Jose de Alencar at LibriVox public domain audiobooks Jose de Alencar s biography at the official site of the Brazilian Academy of Letters in Portuguese A biography of Alencar at the official site of Messejana in Portuguese Preceded byNew creation Brazilian Academy of Letters Patron of the 23rd chair Succeeded byMachado de Assis founder Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jose de Alencar amp oldid 1119281844, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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