The genus was named in 2002 by Wang Xiaolin, Zhou Zhonghe and Xu Xing. The type species, the only known, is Jeholopterus ninchengensis. The genus name is derived from its place of discovery, Jehol in China, and a Latinized Greek pteron, "wing". The specific name refers to Nincheng County.
Description
Artist's impression
The type species is based on holotypeIVPP V12705, a nearly complete specimen from the Daohugou beds of Ningcheng County in the Neimongol (Inner Mongolia) Autonomous Region of China.[2] The specimen is crushed into a slab and counterslab pair, so that parts of the specimen are preserved on one side of a split stone and some on the other. This includes exquisite preservation of carbonized skin fibers and pycnofibres. The fibers are preserved around the body of the specimen in a "halo." Wing tissue is preserved, though its extent is debatable, including the exact points of attachment to the legs (or if it is attached to the legs at all). In 2009 Alexander Kellner published a study reporting the presence of three layers of fibers in the wing, allowing the animal to precisely adapt the wing profile.[3]
Variation in anurognathid jaw shape, notice Jeholopterus (C)
As an anurognathid, Jeholopterus shows the skull form typical for this group, being wider than it was long, at 28 millimeters (1.1 in), with a very broad mouth. Most teeth are small and peg-like, but some are longer and recurved. The neck was short with seven or eight cervical vertebrae. Twelve or thirteen dorsal vertebrae are present and three sacrals. There are five pairs of belly ribs. The tail vertebrae have not been preserved. The describers argue that Jeholopterus had a short tail, a feature seen in other anurognathids but unusual for "rhamphorhynchoid" (i.e. basal) pterosaurs that typically have a long tail. Wang et al. cited the presence of a fringe of pycnofibres in the region of the tail to infer the presence of a short tail. However, a subsequent study by Dalla Vecchia argued that gleaning any information about the tail is impossible, given that the tail is "totally absent" in the fossil.[4]
The wing bones are robust. The metacarpals are very short. A short pteroid, supporting a propatagium, is pointing towards the body. The hand claws are long and curved. The wings of Jeholopterus show evidence that they attached to the ankle, according to Wang et al.. They are relatively elongated with a wingspan of ninety centimetres.
The legs are short but robust. The toes bear well-developed curved claws, but these are not as long as the hand claws. The fifth toe is elongated, according to the authors supporting a membrane between the legs, the uropatagium.
Phylogeny
Jeholopterus was by the authors assigned to the Anurognathidae. An analysis by Lü Junchang in 2006 resolved its position as being the sister taxon of Batrachognathus. Kellner and colleagues in 2009 proposed Batrachognathinae for the clade comprising these two genera and Dendrorhynchoides.[3] In 2021, a phylogenetic analysis conducted by Xuefang Wei and colleagues recovered Jeholopterus within the subfamily Anurognathinae, which is unlike the former study by Kellner and colleagues where it was recovered as closely related to Batrachognathus. Jeholopterus was found to have been the sister taxon to an unnamed clade formed by both Anurognathus and Vesperopterylus in Wei and colleagues' study.[5] Below is a cladogram representing their phylogenetic analysis:
Anurognathids are normally considered insectivores. Wang et al hypothesized that Jeholopterus, being the largest species known of the group, might also have been a piscivore, a fish-eater.[2]
^ abGao, K. -Q.; Shubin, N. H. (2012). "Late Jurassic salamandroid from western Liaoning, China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (15): 5767–72. Bibcode:2012PNAS..109.5767G. doi:10.1073/pnas.1009828109. PMC3326464. PMID 22411790.
^ abWang, X., Zhou, Z., Zhang, F., and Xu, X. (2002). "A nearly completely articulated rhamphorhynchoid pterosaur with exceptionally well-preserved wing membranes and 'hairs' from Inner Mongolia, northeast China." Chinese Science Bulletin47(3), 226 – 232.
^ abAlexander W. A. Kellner, Xiaolin Wang, Helmut Tischlinger, Diogenes de Almeida Campos, David W. E. Hone, and Xi Meng. (2009). "The soft tissue of Jeholopterus (Pterosauria, Anurognathidae, Batrachognathinae) and the structure of the pterosaur wing membrane", Proc. R. Soc. Bdoi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0846
^Dalla Vecchia, F.M. (2002). "Observations on the non-pterodactyloid pterosaur Jeholopterus ningchengensis from the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China." Natura Nascosta, 24: 8 - 27.
^Wei, X.; Pêgas, R. V.; Shen, C.; Guo, Y.; Ma, W.; Sun, D.; Zhou, X. (2021). "Sinomacrops bondei, a new anurognathid pterosaur from the Jurassic of China and comments on the group". PeerJ. 9: e11161. doi:10.7717/peerj.11161. PMC8019321. PMID 33850665.
February 13, 2023
jeholopterus, small, anurognathid, pterosaur, from, middle, late, jurassic, daohugou, beds, tiaojishan, formation, inner, mongolia, china, preserved, with, hair, like, pycnofibres, skin, remains, temporal, range, bathonian, oxfordian, preꞒ, skeletal, reconstru. Jeholopterus was a small anurognathid pterosaur from the Middle to Late Jurassic 1 Daohugou Beds of the Tiaojishan Formation of Inner Mongolia China preserved with hair like pycnofibres and skin remains JeholopterusTemporal range Bathonian to Oxfordian 1 164 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Skeletal reconstruction in the Rocky Mountain Dinosaur Resource Center Woodland Park ColoradoScientific classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataOrder PterosauriaFamily AnurognathidaeGenus JeholopterusWang et al 2002Type species Jeholopterus ninchengensisWang et al 2002 Contents 1 Naming 2 Description 3 Phylogeny 4 Lifestyle 5 See also 6 ReferencesNaming EditThe genus was named in 2002 by Wang Xiaolin Zhou Zhonghe and Xu Xing The type species the only known is Jeholopterus ninchengensis The genus name is derived from its place of discovery Jehol in China and a Latinized Greek pteron wing The specific name refers to Nincheng County Description Edit Artist s impression The type species is based on holotype IVPP V12705 a nearly complete specimen from the Daohugou beds of Ningcheng County in the Neimongol Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China 2 The specimen is crushed into a slab and counterslab pair so that parts of the specimen are preserved on one side of a split stone and some on the other This includes exquisite preservation of carbonized skin fibers and pycnofibres The fibers are preserved around the body of the specimen in a halo Wing tissue is preserved though its extent is debatable including the exact points of attachment to the legs or if it is attached to the legs at all In 2009 Alexander Kellner published a study reporting the presence of three layers of fibers in the wing allowing the animal to precisely adapt the wing profile 3 Variation in anurognathid jaw shape notice Jeholopterus C As an anurognathid Jeholopterus shows the skull form typical for this group being wider than it was long at 28 millimeters 1 1 in with a very broad mouth Most teeth are small and peg like but some are longer and recurved The neck was short with seven or eight cervical vertebrae Twelve or thirteen dorsal vertebrae are present and three sacrals There are five pairs of belly ribs The tail vertebrae have not been preserved The describers argue that Jeholopterus had a short tail a feature seen in other anurognathids but unusual for rhamphorhynchoid i e basal pterosaurs that typically have a long tail Wang et al cited the presence of a fringe of pycnofibres in the region of the tail to infer the presence of a short tail However a subsequent study by Dalla Vecchia argued that gleaning any information about the tail is impossible given that the tail is totally absent in the fossil 4 Fossil specimen IVPP V 12705 Metatarsals of Vesperopterylus A and B and Jeholopterus C and D The wing bones are robust The metacarpals are very short A short pteroid supporting a propatagium is pointing towards the body The hand claws are long and curved The wings of Jeholopterus show evidence that they attached to the ankle according to Wang et al They are relatively elongated with a wingspan of ninety centimetres The legs are short but robust The toes bear well developed curved claws but these are not as long as the hand claws The fifth toe is elongated according to the authors supporting a membrane between the legs the uropatagium Phylogeny EditJeholopterus was by the authors assigned to the Anurognathidae An analysis by Lu Junchang in 2006 resolved its position as being the sister taxon of Batrachognathus Kellner and colleagues in 2009 proposed Batrachognathinae for the clade comprising these two genera and Dendrorhynchoides 3 In 2021 a phylogenetic analysis conducted by Xuefang Wei and colleagues recovered Jeholopterus within the subfamily Anurognathinae which is unlike the former study by Kellner and colleagues where it was recovered as closely related to Batrachognathus Jeholopterus was found to have been the sister taxon to an unnamed clade formed by both Anurognathus and Vesperopterylus in Wei and colleagues study 5 Below is a cladogram representing their phylogenetic analysis Anurognathidae Dimorphodon weintraubiBatrachognathinae Sinomacrops bondeiBatrachognathus volansAnurognathinae Dendrorhynchoides curvidentatusLuopterus mutoudengensisJeholopterus ninchengensisAnurognathus ammoniVesperopterylus lamadongensisLifestyle EditAnurognathids are normally considered insectivores Wang et al hypothesized that Jeholopterus being the largest species known of the group might also have been a piscivore a fish eater 2 See also Edit Paleontology portalList of pterosaur genera Timeline of pterosaur researchReferences Edit a b Gao K Q Shubin N H 2012 Late Jurassic salamandroid from western Liaoning China Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109 15 5767 72 Bibcode 2012PNAS 109 5767G doi 10 1073 pnas 1009828109 PMC 3326464 PMID 22411790 a b Wang X Zhou Z Zhang F and Xu X 2002 A nearly completely articulated rhamphorhynchoid pterosaur with exceptionally well preserved wing membranes and hairs from Inner Mongolia northeast China Chinese Science Bulletin 47 3 226 232 a b Alexander W A Kellner Xiaolin Wang Helmut Tischlinger Diogenes de Almeida Campos David W E Hone and Xi Meng 2009 The soft tissue of Jeholopterus Pterosauria Anurognathidae Batrachognathinae and the structure of the pterosaur wing membrane Proc R Soc B doi 10 1098 rspb 2009 0846 Dalla Vecchia F M 2002 Observations on the non pterodactyloid pterosaur Jeholopterus ningchengensis from the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern China Natura Nascosta 24 8 27 Wei X Pegas R V Shen C Guo Y Ma W Sun D Zhou X 2021 Sinomacrops bondei a new anurognathid pterosaur from the Jurassic of China and comments on the group PeerJ 9 e11161 doi 10 7717 peerj 11161 PMC 8019321 PMID 33850665 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jeholopterus amp oldid 1064896969, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
