This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Urdu. (June 2019) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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The city is one of the hottest places on earth, with summer temperatures regularly rising to a mean temperature of 37 °C (99 °F).[2] In particular, compounded by the humidity and climate change, Jacobabad has several times exceeded a wet-bulb temperature of 35 °C (95 °F), above which the human body cannot sufficiently cool itself.[3] Jacobabad has been cited as one of the world's most vulnerable places to global warming, and one where the difference between 1.5°C and 2°C can be the difference between life and death.[4]
The city is named after Brigadier-GeneralJohn JacobCB (1812–1858), an officer of the British East India Company who ruled this region during the last decade of his life. He is also known for the cavalry regiment called 36th Jacob's Horse. Jacobs was a graduate of Addiscombe Military Seminary. He was commissioned into the Bombay Artillery (Bombay Army) on his 16th birthday, and subsequently sailed for India in January 1828, never to set foot in England again. According to travel writer Salman Rashid, it was local residents "who took to calling the new settlement ‘Jekumbad’", later renamed to Jacobabad by the British rulers.[5] The scale of progress and prosperity Jacob's works brought to the region can be appreciated by comparing those regions' relative prosperity at the time, compared to areas which were not under his administrative jurisdiction.[6]
History
In 1847 Jacob was placed in political charge of the frontier and established his headquarters at the village of Khangurh (or Khanger). He started building infrastructure for the town around the village. Being an architect and an engineer himself, he designed and then executed the plans of laying a wide road network around the town that measured a good 600 miles (965 km). In that he resolved the problem of unavailability of potable water for the residents by excavating a tank that contained water brought from Indus through a canal. His biggest and most important feat was the excavation of Begaree Canal, originating from Guddu barrage on river Indus, going round the district irrigating thousands of acres of land previously uncultivated, thereby providing means of living to thousands of people.[6]
After the British Raj, the city was ruled by a Sardar, Taj Dero Khan Odho.
In November 2010, then Prime MinisterYousaf Raza Gillani announced that University of Information Technology would be established in Jacobabad.[7]
Climate
Jacobabad has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classificationBWh) with extremely hot summers and mild winters. The city is well known for consistently having among the highest temperature in South Asia, with a mean summer temperature of 37 °C (99 °F).[2]The highest recorded temperature is 52.8 °C (127.0 °F), and the lowest recorded temperature is −3.9 °C (25.0 °F). Rainfall is low and mainly occurs in the monsoon season (July–September). The average annual rainfall of Jacobabad is 122.5 mm as per 1991-2020 period. The highest annual rainfall ever is 833.1 mm, recorded in 2022, and the lowest annual rainfall ever is 3.3 mm, recorded in 1922.
In the 2022 South Asian heat wave, Jacobabad's mean temperature for the month of May broke the all-time record with 43 °C (109 °F), reaching or exceeding 50 °C (122 °F) on four days. The city struggles to provide heat-mitigation measures. Many residents who are able to, migrate to higher-elevation Quetta during the summer school break.[8]
Climate data for Jacobabad (1961–1990, extremes 1961–present)
^"PAKISTAN: Provinces and Major Cities". PAKISTAN: Provinces and Major Cities. citypopulation.de. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
^ abMedical and Physical Society of Bombay (1857). Transactions. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
^Farmer, Ben (28 June 2021). "Hotter than the human body can handle: Pakistan city broils in world's highest temperatures". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
^Atkin, Emily (31 March 2022). "The Meaning of Half a Degree: A New Way to Think about Climate Change". GQ. Retrieved 31 March 2022.
^"Salman Rashid: The Clock that John Jacob built".
^ ab"Remembering General John Jacob – an able administrator and a master planner". 22 May 2012.
^"Jacobabad to have IT university: PM". thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
^Tunio, Zoha (22 June 2022). "In Jacobabad, One of the Hottest Cities on the Planet, a Heat Wave Is Pushing the Limits of Human Livability". Inside Climate News. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
^"41715: Jacobabad (Pakistan)". ogimet.com. OGIMET. 10 April 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
^"CIA drones quit one Pakistan site – but US keeps access to other airbases". The Bureau of Investigative Journalism. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
January 12, 2023
jacobabad, district, district, other, uses, disambiguation, this, article, possibly, contains, original, research, please, improve, verifying, claims, made, adding, inline, citations, statements, consisting, only, original, research, should, removed, september. For the district see Jacobabad District For other uses see Jacobabad disambiguation This article possibly contains original research Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations Statements consisting only of original research should be removed September 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Urdu June 2019 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Urdu Wikipedia article at ur جیکب آباد see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated ur جیکب آباد to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Jacobabad Urdu جیکب آباد and Sindhi جيڪب آباد formerly Khanger or Khangarh is a city in Sindh Pakistan serving as both the capital city of Jacobabad District and the administrative center of Jacobabad Taluka an administrative subdivision of the district The city itself is subdivided into eight Union Councils Sitting far to the northwest of the province near the provincial boundaries of Sindh and Balochistan Jacobabad became a city on the site of an existing village Khangarh and is crossed by the Pakistan Railways and many main roads of the province It is the 43rd most populous city in Pakistan Jacobabad جيڪب آبادجیکب آبادCityJacobabad Junction railway stationJacobabadLocation within PakistanShow map of SindhJacobabadJacobabad Pakistan Show map of PakistanCoordinates 28 16 37 N 68 27 05 E 28 27694 N 68 45139 E 28 27694 68 45139 Coordinates 28 16 37 N 68 27 05 E 28 27694 N 68 45139 E 28 27694 68 45139Country PakistanProvince SindhDivisionLarkanaDistrictJacobabadFounded1847Population 2017 1 City191 076 Rank43rd in PakistanTime zoneUTC 5 PST The city is one of the hottest places on earth with summer temperatures regularly rising to a mean temperature of 37 C 99 F 2 In particular compounded by the humidity and climate change Jacobabad has several times exceeded a wet bulb temperature of 35 C 95 F above which the human body cannot sufficiently cool itself 3 Jacobabad has been cited as one of the world s most vulnerable places to global warming and one where the difference between 1 5 C and 2 C can be the difference between life and death 4 Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 3 Climate 4 Airport and airbase 5 See also 6 ReferencesEtymology EditThe city is named after Brigadier General John Jacob CB 1812 1858 an officer of the British East India Company who ruled this region during the last decade of his life He is also known for the cavalry regiment called 36th Jacob s Horse Jacobs was a graduate of Addiscombe Military Seminary He was commissioned into the Bombay Artillery Bombay Army on his 16th birthday and subsequently sailed for India in January 1828 never to set foot in England again According to travel writer Salman Rashid it was local residents who took to calling the new settlement Jekumbad later renamed to Jacobabad by the British rulers 5 The scale of progress and prosperity Jacob s works brought to the region can be appreciated by comparing those regions relative prosperity at the time compared to areas which were not under his administrative jurisdiction 6 History EditIn 1847 Jacob was placed in political charge of the frontier and established his headquarters at the village of Khangurh or Khanger He started building infrastructure for the town around the village Being an architect and an engineer himself he designed and then executed the plans of laying a wide road network around the town that measured a good 600 miles 965 km In that he resolved the problem of unavailability of potable water for the residents by excavating a tank that contained water brought from Indus through a canal His biggest and most important feat was the excavation of Begaree Canal originating from Guddu barrage on river Indus going round the district irrigating thousands of acres of land previously uncultivated thereby providing means of living to thousands of people 6 After the British Raj the city was ruled by a Sardar Taj Dero Khan Odho In November 2010 then Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani announced that University of Information Technology would be established in Jacobabad 7 Climate EditJacobabad has a hot desert climate Koppen climate classification BWh with extremely hot summers and mild winters The city is well known for consistently having among the highest temperature in South Asia with a mean summer temperature of 37 C 99 F 2 The highest recorded temperature is 52 8 C 127 0 F and the lowest recorded temperature is 3 9 C 25 0 F Rainfall is low and mainly occurs in the monsoon season July September The average annual rainfall of Jacobabad is 122 5 mm as per 1991 2020 period The highest annual rainfall ever is 833 1 mm recorded in 2022 and the lowest annual rainfall ever is 3 3 mm recorded in 1922 In the 2022 South Asian heat wave Jacobabad s mean temperature for the month of May broke the all time record with 43 C 109 F reaching or exceeding 50 C 122 F on four days The city struggles to provide heat mitigation measures Many residents who are able to migrate to higher elevation Quetta during the summer school break 8 Climate data for Jacobabad 1961 1990 extremes 1961 present Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 30 6 87 1 34 0 93 2 42 1 107 8 46 4 115 5 52 8 127 0 51 1 124 0 47 8 118 0 45 0 113 0 42 8 109 0 41 7 107 1 38 0 100 4 30 6 87 1 52 8 127 0 Average high C F 22 6 72 7 25 2 77 4 31 4 88 5 38 0 100 4 43 1 109 6 44 3 111 7 40 6 105 1 38 2 100 8 37 0 98 6 35 3 95 5 30 1 86 2 24 1 75 4 34 2 93 5 Daily mean C F 15 1 59 2 17 9 64 2 24 0 75 2 30 2 86 4 34 9 94 8 36 9 98 4 34 9 94 8 33 2 91 8 31 4 88 5 27 8 82 0 22 1 71 8 16 4 61 5 27 1 80 7 Average low C F 7 7 45 9 10 5 50 9 16 6 61 9 22 3 72 1 26 7 80 1 29 4 84 9 29 2 84 6 28 3 82 9 25 9 78 6 20 3 68 5 14 1 57 4 8 7 47 7 20 0 68 0 Record low C F 1 1 30 0 1 0 33 8 6 0 42 8 13 5 56 3 18 9 66 0 21 0 69 8 20 3 68 5 22 8 73 0 17 8 64 0 12 0 53 6 3 9 39 0 0 3 32 5 1 1 30 0 Average precipitation mm inches 3 1 0 12 7 1 0 28 10 3 0 41 2 0 0 08 1 7 0 07 4 7 0 19 36 8 1 45 26 3 1 04 11 2 0 44 2 3 0 09 1 2 0 05 3 7 0 15 110 4 4 37 Mean monthly sunshine hours 241 9 214 7 247 5 249 4 266 4 272 7 236 0 259 8 278 1 288 8 267 6 243 7 3 066 6Source NOAA 1961 1990 9 10 Airport and airbase EditThe commercial airport at Jacobabad about 500 kilometres 300 mi north of Karachi and 500 km 300 mi southeast of Kandahar is located on the border between Sindh and Balochistan provinces The Shahbaz Air Base co located with the commercial airport in Jacobabad was one of three Pakistani air bases used by U S and allied forces to support the Operation Enduring Freedom campaign in Afghanistan and reportedly ongoing drone strikes in North Western Pakistan tribal regions 11 See also EditJacobabad Junction railway station Jacobabad Tehsil Jacobabad DistrictReferences Edit PAKISTAN Provinces and Major Cities PAKISTAN Provinces and Major Cities citypopulation de Retrieved 4 May 2020 a b Medical and Physical Society of Bombay 1857 Transactions Retrieved 17 March 2011 Farmer Ben 28 June 2021 Hotter than the human body can handle Pakistan city broils in world s highest temperatures The Telegraph ISSN 0307 1235 Retrieved 15 July 2021 Atkin Emily 31 March 2022 The Meaning of Half a Degree A New Way to Think about Climate Change GQ Retrieved 31 March 2022 Salman Rashid The Clock that John Jacob built a b Remembering General John Jacob an able administrator and a master planner 22 May 2012 Jacobabad to have IT university PM thenews com pk Retrieved 27 January 2012 Tunio Zoha 22 June 2022 In Jacobabad One of the Hottest Cities on the Planet a Heat Wave Is Pushing the Limits of Human Livability Inside Climate News Retrieved 25 June 2022 Jacobabad Climate Normals 1961 1990 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Retrieved 17 January 2013 41715 Jacobabad Pakistan ogimet com OGIMET 10 April 2022 Retrieved 25 April 2022 CIA drones quit one Pakistan site but US keeps access to other airbases The Bureau of Investigative Journalism Retrieved 24 March 2013 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jacobabad amp oldid 1130870526, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
