fbpx
Wikipedia

J'Accuse...!

January 20, 2023

"J'accuse" redirects here. For other uses, see J'accuse (disambiguation).

"J'Accuse...!" (French pronunciation: ​[ʒ‿a.kyz]; "I Accuse...!") is an open letter that was published on 13 January 1898 in the newspaper L'Aurore by Émile Zola in response to the Dreyfus affair. Zola addressed President of France Félix Faure and accused his government of antisemitism and the unlawful jailing of Alfred Dreyfus, a French Army General Staff officer who was sentenced to lifelong penal servitude for espionage. Zola pointed out judicial errors and lack of serious evidence. The letter was printed on the front page of the newspaper and caused a stir in France and abroad. Zola was prosecuted for libel and found guilty on 23 February 1898. To avoid imprisonment, he fled to England, returning home in June 1899.

Front page cover of the newspaper L'Aurore for Thursday 13 January 1898, with the letter J'Accuse...!, written by Émile Zola about the Dreyfus affair. The headline reads I Accuse...! Letter to the President of the Republic – Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme

Other pamphlets proclaiming Dreyfus's innocence include Bernard Lazare's A Miscarriage of Justice: The Truth about the Dreyfus Affair (November 1896). As a result of the popularity of the letter, even in the English-speaking world, J'accuse! has become a common expression of outrage and accusation against someone powerful, whatever the merits of the accusation.[1][2]

J'accuse! is one of the best-known newspaper articles in the world.[3]

Background

Dreyfus affair

Main article: Dreyfus affair
 
Edition of the Polish Życie reporting on Zola's letter and the Dreyfus affair

Alfred Dreyfus was a French army officer from a prosperous Jewish family.[4] In 1894, while an artillery captain for the General Staff of France, Dreyfus was suspected of providing secret military information to the German government.[4]

A cleaning woman and French spy by the name of Madame Marie Bastian working at the German Embassy was at the source of the investigation. She routinely searched wastebaskets and mailboxes at the German Embassy for suspicious documents.[5] She found a suspicious bordereau (detailed listing of documents) at the German Embassy in 1894, and delivered it to Commandant Hubert-Joseph Henry, who worked for French military counterintelligence in the General Staff.[5]

The bordereau had been torn into six pieces, and had been found by Madame Bastian in the wastepaper basket of Maximilian von Schwartzkoppen, the German military attaché.[5] When the document was investigated, Dreyfus was convicted largely on the basis of testimony by professional handwriting experts:[6] the graphologists asserted that "the lack of resemblance between Dreyfus' writing and that of the bordereau was proof of a 'self-forgery,' and prepared a fantastically detailed diagram to demonstrate that this was so."[7] There were also assertions from military officers who provided confidential evidence.[6]

Dreyfus was found guilty of treason in a secret military court-martial, during which he was denied the right to examine the evidence against him. The Army stripped him of his rank in a humiliating ceremony and shipped him off to Devil's Island, a penal colony located off the coast of French Guiana in South America.[5]

At this time, France was experiencing a period of antisemitism; very few outside Dreyfus' family defended him. Nevertheless, the initial conviction was annulled by the Supreme Court after a thorough investigation. In 1899, Dreyfus returned to France for a retrial, but although found guilty again, he was pardoned.[5] In 1906, Dreyfus appealed his case again; he obtained the annulment of his guilty verdict. In 1906, he was also awarded the Cross of the Legion of Honour, which was for "a soldier who has endured an unparalleled martyrdom".[6]

Émile Zola

 
1898 portrait of Zola by Nadar

Émile Zola was born on 2 April 1840 in Paris.[8] His main literary work was Les Rougon-Macquart, a monumental cycle of twenty novels about Parisian society during the French Second Empire under Napoleon III and after the Franco-Prussian War.[8] He was also the founder of the Naturalist movement in 19th-century literature.[8] Zola was among the strongest proponents of the Third Republic. He was made Officer of the Legion of Honour on 13 July 1893 by President Raymond Poincaré, but suspended on 26 July 1898. His rank was reinstated on 10 March 1901.[8]

Publication

Zola risked his career in January 1898 when he decided to stand up for Alfred Dreyfus. Zola wrote an open letter to the President of France, Félix Faure, accusing the French government of falsely convicting Alfred Dreyfus and of antisemitism.[8] His intention was to draw the accusation so broadly that he would essentially force men in the government to sue him for libel. Once the suit was filed, the Dreyfusards (supporters of Dreyfus) would have the opportunity to acquire and publicize the shaky evidence on which Dreyfus had been convicted. Zola titled his letter "J'Accuse" (French for "I Accuse"), which was published on the front page of Georges Clemenceau's liberal Paris daily L'Aurore.[8]

Contents of J'Accuse...!

 
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
J'Accuse

Zola argued that "the conviction of Alfred Dreyfus was based on false accusations of espionage and was a misrepresentation of justice."[8] He first points out that the real man behind all of this is Major du Paty de Clam. Zola states: "He was the one who came up with the scheme of dictating the text of the bordereau to Dreyfus; he was the one who had the idea of observing him in a mirror-lined room. And he was the one whom Major Forzinetti caught carrying a shuttered lantern that he planned to throw open on the accused man while he slept, hoping that, jolted awake by the sudden flash of light, Dreyfus would blurt out his guilt."[9]

Next, Zola points out that if the investigation of the traitor was to be done properly, the evidence would clearly show that the bordereau came from an infantry officer, not an artillery officer such as Dreyfus.[9]

Zola argues Dreyfus's innocence can be readily inferred from the circumstances when he states: "These, Sir, are the facts that explain how this miscarriage of justice came about; The evidence of Dreyfus's character, his affluence, the lack of motive and his continued affirmation of innocence combine to show that he is the victim of the lurid imagination of Major du Paty de Clam, the religious circles surrounding him, and the 'dirty Jew' obsession that is the scourge of our time."[9]

After more investigation, Zola points out that a man by the name of Major Esterhazy was the man who should have been convicted of this crime, and there was proof provided, but he could not be known as guilty unless the entire General Staff was guilty, so the War Office covered up for Esterhazy.

At the end of his letter, Zola accuses General Billot of having held in his hands absolute proof of Dreyfus's innocence and covering it up.[9] He accuses both General de Boisdeffre and General Gonse of religious prejudice against Alfred Dreyfus.[9] He accuses the three handwriting experts, Belhomme, Varinard and Couard, of submitting false reports that were deceitful, unless a medical examination finds them to be suffering from a condition that impairs their eyesight and judgment.[9]

Zola's final accusations were to the first court martial for violating the law by convicting Alfred Dreyfus on the basis of a document that was kept secret, and to the second court martial for committing the judicial crime of knowingly acquitting Major Esterhazy.[9]

Trial of Zola and aftermath

Zola was brought to trial for libel for publishing his letter to the President; he was convicted two weeks later. He was sentenced to jail and was removed from the Legion of Honour.[8] To avoid jail time, Zola fled to England. He stayed there until the cabinet fell; he continued to defend Dreyfus.[8]

Four years after the letter was published, Zola died from carbon monoxide poisoning caused by a blocked chimney. On 4 June 1908, Zola's remains were laid to rest in the Panthéon in Paris.[8] In 1953, the newspaper Libération published a death-bed confession by a Parisian roofer that he had murdered Zola by blocking the chimney of his house.[10]

Subsequent use of the term

 
The most popular Palestinian Arab newspaper, Filastin (La Palestine), published a four-page editorial in March 1925 protesting the Balfour Declaration, beginning with "J'Accuse!"

References

  1. ^ "Definition of J'ACCUSE". www.merriam-webster.com.
  2. ^ Jacoby, Jeff (March 30, 2008). "When Zola wrote 'J'accuse!'". Boston.com – via The Boston Globe.
  3. ^ A. Pagès, Une journée dans l'affaire Dreyfus, p.  7.
  4. ^ a b Alfred Dreyfus Biography (1859–1935). Biography.com (2007). Retrieved 16 February 2008.
  5. ^ a b c d e Burns, M. (1999). France and the Dreyfus Affair: A Documentary History. NY: St. Martin's College Publishing Group.
  6. ^ a b c Rothstein, E. "A Century-Old Court Case That Still Resonates" The New York Times (17 October 2007).
  7. ^ Gopnik, Adam (2009). "Trial of the Century: Revisiting the Dreyfus affair". The New Yorker. No. 28 September. pp. 72–78. Retrieved 29 May 2011.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Shelokhonov, S. (2008). Biography for Émile Zola at the Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 15 February 2008.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g Zola, E. J'Accuse 2008-07-15 at the Wayback Machine. L'Aurore (13 January 1898). Translation by Chameleon Translations. Retrieved 12 February 2008.
  10. ^ "J'Accuse! The Sins of the Artist". 3 February 2018.
  11. ^ Courtois, Stéphane (19 March 2008). "Adam Rayski, responsable de la section juive du Parti communiste français". Le Monde. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  12. ^ Alsop, J., & Alsop, S. "We Accuse!" Harper's (October, 1954).
  13. ^ "Eichmann's handwritten clemency plea released in Israel". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 27 January 2016. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
  14. ^ "J'accuse" by Norman Podhoretz in Commentary Magazine, September 1982 edition.
  15. ^ Eder, Richard (5 February 1982). "On the Riviera, A Morality Tale by Graham Greene". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  16. ^ Nous accusons: Mainstream media fails to report on atrocities against Gaza, Rabble.ca, 14 November 2012.
  17. ^ Nous accusons: Mainstream media fails to report on context and severity of atrocities against Gaza, Mondoweiss, 14 November 2012.
  18. ^ Nous accusons ! La sourde oreille des grands médias sur la situation et la gravité des atrocités commises par Israël à Gaza, 16 November 2012.
  19. ^ Hooper, Chloe, , The Monthly, archived from the original on 19 January 2022, retrieved 4 October 2022
  20. ^ "Nós acusamos". Retrieved 2016-05-14.
  21. ^ "Stolbizer presentó su libro Yo acuso junto a Vidal y Massa". September 2016. Retrieved 2016-09-01.
  22. ^ "For Trump, the 'Cloud' Just Grew That Much Darker". The New York Times. Retrieved 2017-06-08.
  23. ^ Walker, Peter (19 April 2020). "Boris Johnson missed five coronavirus Cobra meetings, Michael Gove says". The Guardian. Retrieved 18 February 2022.
  24. ^ Goldberg, Jeffrey (3 June 2020). "James Mattis Denounces President Trump, Describes Him as a Threat to the Constitution". The Atlantic. The Atlantic Monthly Group. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
 
Wikisource English translation of J'Accuse!

Further reading

  • Wilkes Jr., Donald E. (11 February 1998). "'J'Accuse...!': Émile Zola, Alfred Dreyfus, and the greatest newspaper article in history". Flagpole Magazine. Vol. 12. p. 12. OCLC 30323514. Retrieved 28 January 2011.

External links

  •   Media related to J'accuse...! at Wikimedia Commons

January 20, 2023
accuse, accuse, redirects, here, other, uses, accuse, disambiguation, french, pronunciation, accuse, open, letter, that, published, january, 1898, newspaper, aurore, Émile, zola, response, dreyfus, affair, zola, addressed, president, france, félix, faure, accu. J accuse redirects here For other uses see J accuse disambiguation J Accuse French pronunciation ʒ a kyz I Accuse is an open letter that was published on 13 January 1898 in the newspaper L Aurore by Emile Zola in response to the Dreyfus affair Zola addressed President of France Felix Faure and accused his government of antisemitism and the unlawful jailing of Alfred Dreyfus a French Army General Staff officer who was sentenced to lifelong penal servitude for espionage Zola pointed out judicial errors and lack of serious evidence The letter was printed on the front page of the newspaper and caused a stir in France and abroad Zola was prosecuted for libel and found guilty on 23 February 1898 To avoid imprisonment he fled to England returning home in June 1899 Front page cover of the newspaper L Aurore for Thursday 13 January 1898 with the letter J Accuse written by Emile Zola about the Dreyfus affair The headline reads I Accuse Letter to the President of the Republic Musee d Art et d Histoire du Judaisme Other pamphlets proclaiming Dreyfus s innocence include Bernard Lazare s A Miscarriage of Justice The Truth about the Dreyfus Affair November 1896 As a result of the popularity of the letter even in the English speaking world J accuse has become a common expression of outrage and accusation against someone powerful whatever the merits of the accusation 1 2 J accuse is one of the best known newspaper articles in the world 3 Contents 1 Background 1 1 Dreyfus affair 1 2 Emile Zola 2 Publication 2 1 Contents of J Accuse 3 Trial of Zola and aftermath 4 Subsequent use of the term 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksBackground EditDreyfus affair Edit Main article Dreyfus affair Edition of the Polish Zycie reporting on Zola s letter and the Dreyfus affair Alfred Dreyfus was a French army officer from a prosperous Jewish family 4 In 1894 while an artillery captain for the General Staff of France Dreyfus was suspected of providing secret military information to the German government 4 A cleaning woman and French spy by the name of Madame Marie Bastian working at the German Embassy was at the source of the investigation She routinely searched wastebaskets and mailboxes at the German Embassy for suspicious documents 5 She found a suspicious bordereau detailed listing of documents at the German Embassy in 1894 and delivered it to Commandant Hubert Joseph Henry who worked for French military counterintelligence in the General Staff 5 The bordereau had been torn into six pieces and had been found by Madame Bastian in the wastepaper basket of Maximilian von Schwartzkoppen the German military attache 5 When the document was investigated Dreyfus was convicted largely on the basis of testimony by professional handwriting experts 6 the graphologists asserted that the lack of resemblance between Dreyfus writing and that of the bordereau was proof of a self forgery and prepared a fantastically detailed diagram to demonstrate that this was so 7 There were also assertions from military officers who provided confidential evidence 6 Dreyfus was found guilty of treason in a secret military court martial during which he was denied the right to examine the evidence against him The Army stripped him of his rank in a humiliating ceremony and shipped him off to Devil s Island a penal colony located off the coast of French Guiana in South America 5 At this time France was experiencing a period of antisemitism very few outside Dreyfus family defended him Nevertheless the initial conviction was annulled by the Supreme Court after a thorough investigation In 1899 Dreyfus returned to France for a retrial but although found guilty again he was pardoned 5 In 1906 Dreyfus appealed his case again he obtained the annulment of his guilty verdict In 1906 he was also awarded the Cross of the Legion of Honour which was for a soldier who has endured an unparalleled martyrdom 6 Emile Zola Edit 1898 portrait of Zola by Nadar Emile Zola was born on 2 April 1840 in Paris 8 His main literary work was Les Rougon Macquart a monumental cycle of twenty novels about Parisian society during the French Second Empire under Napoleon III and after the Franco Prussian War 8 He was also the founder of the Naturalist movement in 19th century literature 8 Zola was among the strongest proponents of the Third Republic He was made Officer of the Legion of Honour on 13 July 1893 by President Raymond Poincare but suspended on 26 July 1898 His rank was reinstated on 10 March 1901 8 Publication EditZola risked his career in January 1898 when he decided to stand up for Alfred Dreyfus Zola wrote an open letter to the President of France Felix Faure accusing the French government of falsely convicting Alfred Dreyfus and of antisemitism 8 His intention was to draw the accusation so broadly that he would essentially force men in the government to sue him for libel Once the suit was filed the Dreyfusards supporters of Dreyfus would have the opportunity to acquire and publicize the shaky evidence on which Dreyfus had been convicted Zola titled his letter J Accuse French for I Accuse which was published on the front page of Georges Clemenceau s liberal Paris daily L Aurore 8 Contents of J Accuse Edit Wikisource has original text related to this article J Accuse Zola argued that the conviction of Alfred Dreyfus was based on false accusations of espionage and was a misrepresentation of justice 8 He first points out that the real man behind all of this is Major du Paty de Clam Zola states He was the one who came up with the scheme of dictating the text of the bordereau to Dreyfus he was the one who had the idea of observing him in a mirror lined room And he was the one whom Major Forzinetti caught carrying a shuttered lantern that he planned to throw open on the accused man while he slept hoping that jolted awake by the sudden flash of light Dreyfus would blurt out his guilt 9 Next Zola points out that if the investigation of the traitor was to be done properly the evidence would clearly show that the bordereau came from an infantry officer not an artillery officer such as Dreyfus 9 Zola argues Dreyfus s innocence can be readily inferred from the circumstances when he states These Sir are the facts that explain how this miscarriage of justice came about The evidence of Dreyfus s character his affluence the lack of motive and his continued affirmation of innocence combine to show that he is the victim of the lurid imagination of Major du Paty de Clam the religious circles surrounding him and the dirty Jew obsession that is the scourge of our time 9 After more investigation Zola points out that a man by the name of Major Esterhazy was the man who should have been convicted of this crime and there was proof provided but he could not be known as guilty unless the entire General Staff was guilty so the War Office covered up for Esterhazy At the end of his letter Zola accuses General Billot of having held in his hands absolute proof of Dreyfus s innocence and covering it up 9 He accuses both General de Boisdeffre and General Gonse of religious prejudice against Alfred Dreyfus 9 He accuses the three handwriting experts Belhomme Varinard and Couard of submitting false reports that were deceitful unless a medical examination finds them to be suffering from a condition that impairs their eyesight and judgment 9 Zola s final accusations were to the first court martial for violating the law by convicting Alfred Dreyfus on the basis of a document that was kept secret and to the second court martial for committing the judicial crime of knowingly acquitting Major Esterhazy 9 Trial of Zola and aftermath EditZola was brought to trial for libel for publishing his letter to the President he was convicted two weeks later He was sentenced to jail and was removed from the Legion of Honour 8 To avoid jail time Zola fled to England He stayed there until the cabinet fell he continued to defend Dreyfus 8 Four years after the letter was published Zola died from carbon monoxide poisoning caused by a blocked chimney On 4 June 1908 Zola s remains were laid to rest in the Pantheon in Paris 8 In 1953 the newspaper Liberation published a death bed confession by a Parisian roofer that he had murdered Zola by blocking the chimney of his house 10 Subsequent use of the term EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources J Accuse news newspapers books scholar JSTOR January 2019 Learn how and when to remove this template message This section appears to contain trivial minor or unrelated references to popular culture Please reorganize this content to explain the subject s impact on popular culture providing citations to reliable secondary sources rather than simply listing appearances Unsourced material may be challenged and removed September 2022 The most popular Palestinian Arab newspaper Filastin La Palestine published a four page editorial in March 1925 protesting the Balfour Declaration beginning with J Accuse In 1913 the Mexican deputy Luis Manuel Rojas gave a discourse Yo acuso in front of the Chamber of Deputies against the American ambassador Henry Lane Wilson due to his participation in the assassination of president and vicepresident Francisco I Madero and Jose Maria Pino Suarez In 1915 the German pacifist Richard Grelling wrote a book titled J Accuse in which he condemned the actions of the German Empire In 1919 Abel Gance released his film J accuse as a statement against World War I shooting Gance to international fame In 1925 the most popular Palestinian Arab newspaper Filastin La Palestine published a four page editorial protesting the Balfour Declaration with the title J Accuse In 1938 the Belgian fascist politician Leon Degrelle published a polemic booklet titled J accuse against minister Paul Stengers of being a cumulard a bankster a plunderer of savings and a coward It provoked a retaliatory pamphlet titled J accuse Leon Degrelle J Accuse was the title of an underground newspaper in occupied France edited by Adam Rayski 11 In 1950 on Easter Sunday members of the Lettrist movement proclaimed the death of God before the congregation of the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris Michel Mourre used the phrase J accuse to proclaim what he saw as the wickedness of the Roman Catholic Church In 1954 during the controversy surrounding J Robert Oppenheimer and the allegations that he posed a security risk to the Atomic Energy Commission journalists Joseph and Stewart Alsop wrote an article for Harper s Magazine titled We Accuse in which they defend Oppenheimer as the victim of a petty grudge held by AEC chairman Lewis Strauss 12 In 1961 during the trial of Adolf Eichmann head prosecutor Gideon Hausner used the phrase in his opening statement 13 In 1982 Commentary Magazine editor Norman Podhoretz used the title J Accuse for an article blaming anti semitism for allegedly excessive criticism of Israel during the 1982 Israel Lebanon war 14 Also in 1982 Graham Greene published J Accuse The Dark Side of Nice in which he declared that organised crime flourished in Nice because the city s upper levels of civic government protected judicial and police corruption 15 In 1998 the Australian satirical television program The Games debuted the character Jack Hughes in an episode titled J Accuse The show is a satire critical of among other things corruption in the organizing of the Olympic Games in Sydney the character Jack Hughes is a journalist who often probes into scandals and corruption much to the annoyance of the show s protagonists In 2003 New Directions published Israeli poet Aharon Shabtai s J Accuse a collection of poems drawn from two different collections Politika and Artzenu and translated by Peter Cole In 2008 film director Peter Greenaway released a documentary titled Rembrandt s J Accuse It is a companion piece to his film Nightwatching It illustrates Greenaway s theory that Rembrandt s painting The Night Watch leaves clues to a murder by some of those portrayed In 2012 linguists Noam Chomsky and Hagit Borer together with seven other colleagues who had recently travelled to Gaza for a linguistics conference wrote an open letter which began Nous accusons We accuse on how the mainstream media fails to report on Israeli atrocities against civilians in Gaza which was published in Canada 16 the US 17 and translated in France 18 In 2012 Wayne Swan the then Deputy Prime Minister of Australia told Prime Minister Julia Gillard that she had given the j accuse speech when she delivered her misogyny speech to the Australian Parliament accusing Opposition Leader Tony Abbott of sexism and misogyny 19 On 13 May 2016 Brazilian columnist and politics professor Vladimir Safatle pt published an article in the Folha de S Paulo newspaper titled Nos acusamos we accuse denouncing the several problems related to the removal from office of Brazil s president Dilma Rousseff 20 On 1 September 2016 Argentinian lawyer and politician Margarita Stolbizer published a book titled Yo acuso I accuse denouncing corruption during the government of Argentina s president Cristina Kirchner 21 On 9 June 2017 The New York Times White House correspondent Peter Baker wrote in reference to the testimony of fired US FBI director James Comey before the US Senate s Intelligence Committee While delivered in calm deliberate and unemotional terms Mr Comey s testimony on Thursday was almost certainly the most damning j accuse moment by a senior law enforcement official against a president referring to Donald Trump in a generation 22 On 19 April 2020 UK cabinet minister Michael Gove used the phrase a j accuse narrative in response to media reporting of the prime minister s absence from COBR meetings during the COVID 19 pandemic 23 On 3 June 2020 The Atlantic writing about President Trump s former Defense Secretary and retired Marine General James Mattis s comments in an interview in which Mattis strongly criticized President Trump on multiple points characterizing them as Mattis s j accuse 24 References Edit Definition of J ACCUSE www merriam webster com Jacoby Jeff March 30 2008 When Zola wrote J accuse Boston com via The Boston Globe A Pages Une journee dans l affaire Dreyfus p 7 a b Alfred Dreyfus Biography 1859 1935 Biography com 2007 Retrieved 16 February 2008 a b c d e Burns M 1999 France and the Dreyfus Affair A Documentary History NY St Martin s College Publishing Group a b c Rothstein E A Century Old Court Case That Still Resonates The New York Times 17 October 2007 Gopnik Adam 2009 Trial of the Century Revisiting the Dreyfus affair The New Yorker No 28 September pp 72 78 Retrieved 29 May 2011 a b c d e f g h i j Shelokhonov S 2008 Biography for Emile Zola at the Internet Movie Database Retrieved 15 February 2008 a b c d e f g Zola E J Accuse Archived 2008 07 15 at the Wayback Machine L Aurore 13 January 1898 Translation by Chameleon Translations Retrieved 12 February 2008 J Accuse The Sins of the Artist 3 February 2018 Courtois Stephane 19 March 2008 Adam Rayski responsable de la section juive du Parti communiste francais Le Monde Retrieved 1 July 2021 Alsop J amp Alsop S We Accuse Harper s October 1954 Eichmann s handwritten clemency plea released in Israel Jewish Telegraphic Agency 27 January 2016 Retrieved 12 March 2016 J accuse by Norman Podhoretz in Commentary Magazine September 1982 edition Eder Richard 5 February 1982 On the Riviera A Morality Tale by Graham Greene The New York Times Retrieved 8 January 2023 Nous accusons Mainstream media fails to report on atrocities against Gaza Rabble ca 14 November 2012 Nous accusons Mainstream media fails to report on context and severity of atrocities against Gaza Mondoweiss 14 November 2012 Nous accusons La sourde oreille des grands medias sur la situation et la gravite des atrocites commises par Israel a Gaza 16 November 2012 Hooper Chloe On the road with Julia Gillard The Monthly archived from the original on 19 January 2022 retrieved 4 October 2022 Nos acusamos Retrieved 2016 05 14 Stolbizer presento su libro Yo acuso junto a Vidal y Massa September 2016 Retrieved 2016 09 01 For Trump the Cloud Just Grew That Much Darker The New York Times Retrieved 2017 06 08 Walker Peter 19 April 2020 Boris Johnson missed five coronavirus Cobra meetings Michael Gove says The Guardian Retrieved 18 February 2022 Goldberg Jeffrey 3 June 2020 James Mattis Denounces President Trump Describes Him as a Threat to the Constitution The Atlantic The Atlantic Monthly Group Retrieved 3 June 2020 Wikisource English translation of J Accuse Further reading EditWilkes Jr Donald E 11 February 1998 J Accuse Emile Zola Alfred Dreyfus and the greatest newspaper article in history Flagpole Magazine Vol 12 p 12 OCLC 30323514 Retrieved 28 January 2011 External links Edit Media related to J accuse at Wikimedia Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title J 27Accuse amp oldid 1132332052, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.