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Italian modern and contemporary architecture

May 06, 2023

Italian modern and contemporary architecture refers to architecture in Italy during the 20th and 21st centuries.

Styles

Beginning of 20th century

The Art Nouveau style was introduced in Italy by figures such as Giuseppe Sommaruga and Ernesto Basile (the former designed the Palazzo Castiglioni and the latter expanded the Palazzo Montecitorio in Rome). The principles of this new style were published in 1914 in the Manifesto dell'Architettura Futurista (Manifesto of Futurist Architecture) by Antonio Sant'Elia. The Italian group of architects Gruppo 7 (1926) embraced Rationalism and Modernism principles. After the dissolution of the group, its distinguished figures Giuseppe Terragni (Casa del Fascio, Como), Adalberto Libera (Villa Malaparte in Capri) and Giovanni Michelucci (Santa Maria Novella Station in Florence, in collaboration) emerged. During the Fascist period, the so-called "Novecento movement" flourished, with figures such as Gio Ponti, Peter Aschieri, Giovanni Muzio. This movement was based on the rediscovery of imperial Rome. Marcello Piacentini, who was responsible for the urban transformations of several cities in Italy, and remembered for the disputed Via della Conciliazione in Rome, devised a form of "simplified Neoclassicism".

Fascism

The period of time following the end of World War II was marked by several architectural talents, such as Luigi Moretti, Carlo Scarpa, Franco Albini, Giò Ponti, and Tomaso Buzzi, amongst others, with various styles. Pier Luigi Nervi, for example, designed bold and concrete structures, and acquired an international reputation: his work also influenced Riccardo Morandi and Sergio Musmeci. In a series of interesting debates, brought forward by critics such as Bruno Zevi, Rationalism prevailed, of which the Rome Termini Station can be said to be a paradigmatic work. The neorealism of Giovanni Michelucci (designer of numerous churches in Tuscany), Charles Aymonino, Mario Ridolfi and others (INA-Casa neighbourhoods) was followed by the Neoliberty style (seen in earlier works of Vittorio Gregotti) and Brutalist architecture (Torre Velasca in Milan group BBPR, a residential building via Piagentina in Florence, Leonardo Savioli and works by Giancarlo De Carlo).

Modernism

Carlo Scarpa executed many modernist projects throughout the Veneto region and particularly in Venice. Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright did not build anything in Italy, as opposed to Alvar Aalto (Santa Maria Assunta (Riola) Church of the Assumption in Riola, Vergato), Kenzo Tange (towers of Bologna Fair, the floor of Naples central business district (CDN)) and Oscar Niemeyer (home of Mondadori in Segrate). The Postmodern style in architecture, anticipated by Paolo Portoghesi around 1960, can be seen in the "Teatro del Mondo" (Theatre of the World) built by Aldo Rossi for the Venice Biennale of 1980.

Rationalism also influenced Modernism in Italian architecture. Particularly, this design ethos reconciled the modern aesthetic ideals with religion, since this particular motif was not inimical to the priorities of the modern Italian architects. It gave rise to the so-called "secular-spirituality" – an element in Italian modernism – that focuses on the concept of enlightened rationalism.[1] Another aspect of Italian modernism involves the diversity of interpretations with respect to how modernity is experienced. For example, the northern regions interpreted unornamented design as a rejection of culture and style.[1]

Post-modernism

 
Parco della Musica in Rome, designed by Renzo Piano, 2016

Among the principal architects working in Italy between the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries were Renzo Piano (Stadio San Nicola in Bari, restructuring the Old Port of Genoa, Auditorium Parco della Musica in Rome, Padre Pio in San Giovanni Rotondo), Massimiliano Fuksas (skyscraper in the Piedmont region, Convention Center in the EUR), Gae Aulenti (the Railway Museum (Naples metro) of Naples underground), the Swiss Mario Botta (Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Trento and Rovereto, renovation of the Teatro alla Scala in Milan), Zaha Hadid (National Museum of the 21st Century Arts in Rome, skyscraper "Lo Storto" in Milan), Richard Meier (Church of God Merciful Father and the casket of the Ara Pacis, in Rome), Norman Foster (Campus Luigi Einaudi in Turin, and the Belfiore station in Florence), Daniel Libeskind (skyscraper "Il Curvo" in Milan) and Arata Isozaki (Palasport Olimpico in Turin, with Pier Paolo Maggiora and Marco Brizio, "Il Dritto" skyscraper in Milan).

One of the prominent features of the postmodernist architecture in Italy can be identified as a reaction to modernism and to the fascist regime, which appropriated classical architectural forms and modernity. After these periods, there was an identifiable attempt to search for new design directions. Emergent works began to demonstrate atmospheres of nostalgia and memory.[2] A group of young architects such as those who formed the group "La Tendenza" (e.g. Carlo Aymonino, Giorgio Grassi and Aldo Rossi) began to explore the question of memory and the glory of the Italian past, integrating their motifs in their works as physical presence and poetic content.[2] They endeavored to expose the weaknesses of modernism, such as their critique of urbanism.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Lejeune, Jean-Francois; Sabatino, Michelangelo (2009). Modern Architecture and the Mediterranean: Vernacular Dialogues and Contested Identities. London: Routledge. p. 48. ISBN 978-0415776332.
  2. ^ a b Jones, Peter; Canniffe, Eamonn (2007). Modern Architecture Through Case Studies 1945 to 1990. Boston: Elsevier. p. 189. ISBN 9780750663748.

External links

  • Ara Pacis Museum by Richard Meier and Associates

May 06, 2023
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This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Italian modern and contemporary architecture news newspapers books scholar JSTOR March 2010 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article may be a rough translation from Italian It may have been generated in whole or in part by a computer or by a translator without dual proficiency Please help to enhance the translation The original article is under italiano in the languages menu in the upper right corner If you have just labeled this article as needing attention please add a href Template Needtrans html title Template Needtrans subst Needtrans a pg Italian modern and contemporary architecture language Italian comments to the bottom of the WP PNTCU section on Wikipedia Pages needing translation into English August 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Italian modern and contemporary architecture refers to architecture in Italy during the 20th and 21st centuries Contents 1 Styles 1 1 Beginning of 20th century 1 2 Fascism 1 3 Modernism 1 4 Post modernism 2 See also 3 References 4 External linksStyles EditBeginning of 20th century Edit The Art Nouveau style was introduced in Italy by figures such as Giuseppe Sommaruga and Ernesto Basile the former designed the Palazzo Castiglioni and the latter expanded the Palazzo Montecitorio in Rome The principles of this new style were published in 1914 in the Manifesto dell Architettura Futurista Manifesto of Futurist Architecture by Antonio Sant Elia The Italian group of architects Gruppo 7 1926 embraced Rationalism and Modernism principles After the dissolution of the group its distinguished figures Giuseppe Terragni Casa del Fascio Como Adalberto Libera Villa Malaparte in Capri and Giovanni Michelucci Santa Maria Novella Station in Florence in collaboration emerged During the Fascist period the so called Novecento movement flourished with figures such as Gio Ponti Peter Aschieri Giovanni Muzio This movement was based on the rediscovery of imperial Rome Marcello Piacentini who was responsible for the urban transformations of several cities in Italy and remembered for the disputed Via della Conciliazione in Rome devised a form of simplified Neoclassicism Fascism Edit The period of time following the end of World War II was marked by several architectural talents such as Luigi Moretti Carlo Scarpa Franco Albini Gio Ponti and Tomaso Buzzi amongst others with various styles Pier Luigi Nervi for example designed bold and concrete structures and acquired an international reputation his work also influenced Riccardo Morandi and Sergio Musmeci In a series of interesting debates brought forward by critics such as Bruno Zevi Rationalism prevailed of which the Rome Termini Station can be said to be a paradigmatic work The neorealism of Giovanni Michelucci designer of numerous churches in Tuscany Charles Aymonino Mario Ridolfi and others INA Casa neighbourhoods was followed by the Neoliberty style seen in earlier works of Vittorio Gregotti and Brutalist architecture Torre Velasca in Milan group BBPR a residential building via Piagentina in Florence Leonardo Savioli and works by Giancarlo De Carlo Modernism Edit Carlo Scarpa executed many modernist projects throughout the Veneto region and particularly in Venice Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright did not build anything in Italy as opposed to Alvar Aalto Santa Maria Assunta Riola Church of the Assumption in Riola Vergato Kenzo Tange towers of Bologna Fair the floor of Naples central business district CDN and Oscar Niemeyer home of Mondadori in Segrate The Postmodern style in architecture anticipated by Paolo Portoghesi around 1960 can be seen in the Teatro del Mondo Theatre of the World built by Aldo Rossi for the Venice Biennale of 1980 Rationalism also influenced Modernism in Italian architecture Particularly this design ethos reconciled the modern aesthetic ideals with religion since this particular motif was not inimical to the priorities of the modern Italian architects It gave rise to the so called secular spirituality an element in Italian modernism that focuses on the concept of enlightened rationalism 1 Another aspect of Italian modernism involves the diversity of interpretations with respect to how modernity is experienced For example the northern regions interpreted unornamented design as a rejection of culture and style 1 Post modernism Edit Parco della Musica in Rome designed by Renzo Piano 2016 Among the principal architects working in Italy between the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries were Renzo Piano Stadio San Nicola in Bari restructuring the Old Port of Genoa Auditorium Parco della Musica in Rome Padre Pio in San Giovanni Rotondo Massimiliano Fuksas skyscraper in the Piedmont region Convention Center in the EUR Gae Aulenti the Railway Museum Naples metro of Naples underground the Swiss Mario Botta Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Trento and Rovereto renovation of the Teatro alla Scala in Milan Zaha Hadid National Museum of the 21st Century Arts in Rome skyscraper Lo Storto in Milan Richard Meier Church of God Merciful Father and the casket of the Ara Pacis in Rome Norman Foster Campus Luigi Einaudi in Turin and the Belfiore station in Florence Daniel Libeskind skyscraper Il Curvo in Milan and Arata Isozaki Palasport Olimpico in Turin with Pier Paolo Maggiora and Marco Brizio Il Dritto skyscraper in Milan One of the prominent features of the postmodernist architecture in Italy can be identified as a reaction to modernism and to the fascist regime which appropriated classical architectural forms and modernity After these periods there was an identifiable attempt to search for new design directions Emergent works began to demonstrate atmospheres of nostalgia and memory 2 A group of young architects such as those who formed the group La Tendenza e g Carlo Aymonino Giorgio Grassi and Aldo Rossi began to explore the question of memory and the glory of the Italian past integrating their motifs in their works as physical presence and poetic content 2 They endeavored to expose the weaknesses of modernism such as their critique of urbanism See also EditTimeline of Italian architectureReferences Edit a b Lejeune Jean Francois Sabatino Michelangelo 2009 Modern Architecture and the Mediterranean Vernacular Dialogues and Contested Identities London Routledge p 48 ISBN 978 0415776332 a b Jones Peter Canniffe Eamonn 2007 Modern Architecture Through Case Studies 1945 to 1990 Boston Elsevier p 189 ISBN 9780750663748 External links EditAra Pacis Museum by Richard Meier and Associates Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Italian modern and contemporary architecture amp oldid 1126917820, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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