Naples Metro
The Naples Metro (Italian: Metropolitana di Napoli) is a rapid transit system serving the city of Naples, Campania, Italy and some parts of the adjacent comuni of its metropolitan area through Line 11. The system comprises four underground rapid transit lines (Line 1, Line 2, Line 6, Line 11, with Line 10 being under construction).
| Naples Metro | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Overview | |||
| Native name | Metropolitana di Napoli | ||
| Locale | Naples, Campania, Italy | ||
| Transit type | Rapid transit | ||
| Number of lines | 4[a][1] (planned total of 5) | ||
| Number of stations | 39 (planned total of 62) | ||
| Daily ridership | 278,000 (2022)[b][2][3] | ||
| Annual ridership | 77 million (2019)[4] | ||
| Website | www | ||
| Operation | |||
| Began operation | 20 September 1925[5] | ||
| Operator(s) | Azienda Napoletana Mobilità (Line 1 and 6) Trenitalia (Line 2) Ente Autonomo Volturno (Line 10 and 11) | ||
| Technical | |||
| System length | 50.5 km (31.4 mi)[1] | ||
| |||
It is the third largest underground network in Italy, preceded by that of Milan and that of Rome.
It is the oldest subway in Italy since Line 2, the first line built, was opened to the public in 1925.
History
In 1911, construction on the urban section of the Rome–Formia–Naples railway, the Villa Literno–Napoli Gianturco railway was commenced, and although it was suspended for the duration of World War I, the line was eventually opened on 28 September 1925 as an urban railway service line, the first in Italy.[6] This service is now known as Line 2.
After World War II, the existing Circumvesuviana railway was upgraded to a modern commuter rail, and also the Cumana railway became relevant for the commuter transport. In 1962, the Circumflegrea railway was opened.[7]
Construction of the first underground metro railway (Line 1) began in 1976, and the first part opened on 28 March 1993.[8] Initially called the Metropolitana Collinare ("Hills metro") it ran for 4 km (2.5 mi) between Colli Aminei and Vanvitelli.[9] Two years later, in 1995, the line was extended to reach Piscinola[9] giving an overall track length of 8 kilometres (5.0 mi).[10]
Although progress had been made from the early setbacks and problems, it was still apparent by 1997 that the network suffered badly from the lack of network integration and poor connections, as well as the fact that large areas of Naples were not close to stations. In 1997, the city government drew up a new Piano Comunale dei Trasporti di Napoli (City Transport Plan) which called for a review of the network, improved controls over maintenance expenditure and general finances, a new tariff control system and better management of the urban rail network of Naples.[11]
The transport plan called for a three phase major redevelopment. Phase 1 would involve an expansion to a total of five lines, including major redevelopment of Line 1, and take the network up to 53 km (33 mi) of track (45 km (28 mi) of existing lines), with 68 stations (23 newly built), and 12 interchange nodes, to be completed by 2001. Phase 2 was designed to increase the network to 7 lines, with 84 stations, and 16 interchange nodes, plus 10 bus interchanges, to be completed by 2007. Phase 3 would see the network expanded to 10 rail lines with 93 km (58 mi) of track, and a further 30 km (19 mi) of new light rail (tram lines) linking 114 stations, with 21 interchanges, and 24 bus interchanges to be completed by 2011. The plan called for 70% of Neapolitans to be living within 500 metres of a transport access point by 2011.[10]
In conjunction with the regional government of Campania, the comune government of Naples incorporated a new fully state-controlled joint-stock corporation called Metronapoli, which was 99% controlled by the comune and 1% controlled by ANM (Azienda Napoletana Mobilità), with a mission statement of: "providing an efficient public rail transport service of quality to the city".
In 2000, a new line, Line 9, was proposed. Intended to connect the National Archaeological Museum via the Museo di Capodimonte, providing an alternative route to part of Line 1, the project was abandoned.
Metronapoli took over responsibility for running the urban rail transport network of Naples as part of a planned massive re-invigoration of public transport in the Campania region, on 1 February 2001. The regional government announced a rivoluzione del ferro (rail revolution) which involved a planned expansion of the region's network at a cost of €3.8 billion, and would see the construction of 1,400 km (870 mi) of new tracks and 80 new stations for a total of 423 stations on the network within Campania.
On 14 April 2001, service on Line 1 was extended from Vanvitelli to Museum (Museo) station.[9]
In 2005, The Naples-Aversa Metro line opened between Piscinola and Mugnano.
On 3 December 2005, the CIPE (Interdepartmental Committee for Economic Planning) announced over €600 million worth of funding to be spent the Metropolitana di Napoli network. €323 million was allocated for Montesanto station (Cumana and Circumflegrea), €61.1 million for Quattro Giornate station (Line 1 and Circumflegrea), with both projects to be completed by 2010, as well as €119.7 million to be spent to improve the section of Line 1 between Capodichino and Centro Direzionale and €100 million for the San Pasquale–Municipio section.[12]
From 23 December 2006 to 20 February 2007, a special exhibition of models and multimedia presentations was held at Castel dell'Ovo to showcase all of the planned improvements to the Metropolitana di Napoli network, and was extremely well received by Neapolitans.
Line 6, which is categorized as a "light metro" line, opened in February 2007, running on 2.3 kilometres (1.4 mi) of route and serving 4 stations.[13]
In 2009, the Naples-Aversa Metro extended to Aversa Centro.
On 28 March 2011, Line 1 was extended from Museo station to Università.
On 17 September 2012, the Toledo station between Dante and Università opened on Line 1.[9]
On 31 December 2013, Line 1 was extended to Garibaldi right next to the central train station.
On 2 June 2015, the station Municipio (Town Hall) was opened between Università and Toledo on Line 1.
In August 2021, Duomo Station began operating, its steel and glass dome delayed by subterranean archeological discoveries and related funding and construction pressures.
Operator
Azienda Napoletana Mobilità is currently responsible for the transport services and maintenance of Line 1, Line 6, pedestrian subways, and the funicular railways (Chiaia, Mergellina and Montesanto).
Trenitalia is currently responsible for the transport services and maintenance of Line 2 and pedestrian subways.
Ente Autonomo Volturno is currently responsible for the transport services and maintenance of Line 11 and pedestrian subways.
Network
The Naples Metro currently operates on four lines.
| Line | Opened | Length | Stations | Average weekday ridership | Yearly ridership (millions) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Line 1 | 1993[9] | 18.8 km (11.7 mi)[1] | 19[14] | 180,000[1] | 41.094[15] |
| Line 2 | 1925[6] | 18.9 km (11.7 mi)[1] | 12 | 90,000[3] | 33.850[3] |
| Line 6 | 2007[16] | 2.2 km (1.4 mi)[1] | 4[16] | ||
| Line 10 | Under construction | 12.3 km (7.6 mi)[17] | 13 (planned)[17] | ||
| Line 11 | 2005[16] | 10.5 km (6.5 mi)[1] | 5[16] | 8,000 |
Future expansion
Extension work is underway on Line 1 between Garibaldi and Capodichino (Naples International Airport). By 2024, Line 1 will become a circular line of 25 km (15.5 mi).[18]
On Line 2, the Galileo Ferraris Station is under construction and should open in 2024.
On Line 11, extension work is underway after Aversa Centro station.
Line 6 has been closed since 2013 in order for the extension work to take place. The current plan is to open the 4-station extension in June 2024.[19]
In July 2020, a new 13 km (8.1 mi), 13 station metro line was announced; Line 10, linking Naples city centre to the Napoli Afragola railway station (which opened in 2017) via the adjacent city of Afragola.[20] Construction on this line could begin as soon as 2021, and is expected to generate 150,000 daily passengers, or 43 million annually.
Rolling stock
- Line 1: CAF Inneo, AnsaldoBreda Metronapoli M1 (in dismissal)
- Line 2: ETR 425 "Jazz", ETR 104 "Pop".
- Line 6: T67
- Line 11: ACOTRAL MA 100, CAF Inneo (As of July 2023[update], not yet in operation).
-
Line 1
-
Line 2
-
Line 6
-
Line 11
Travelling
Fares
Unico Campania is the integrated fare that allows to travel on all means of transport of Consortium companies in Naples. There are different kinds of tickets and passes:single run, hourly, daily or weekend daily ticket, monthly or annual pass. The hourly ticket is Valid for 90 minutes from the first validation, while the daily ticket is valid from 00.00 to midnight of the day of validation. The owner must fill in the appropriate blanks with their name and date of birth, and must show an ID when requested.
Operations
Trains operate from 6:00 to 23:00 every day of the year. Headways on Line 1 are generally between 10–14 minutes,[21] but reach a maximum of 8 minutes during weekday peak hours.[16] Commercial speeds on Line 1 are 32 km/h (20 mph).[16]
Artwork
Line 1 has been renamed "Metrò dell'Arte" (The Art Metro) reflecting the fact that eight stations have been upgraded to exhibit works of art. These include both permanent exhibits and the provision for temporary displays. It is intended that this theme will continue as more of the planned stations on Line 1 are opened.
Museo station (Stazione Museo) also displays archaeological remains and exhibits that were unearthed during the construction of the station, while others have been transferred to the Naples National Archaeological Museum above the station, from which it is named.[23]
Another initiative recently started on the Metropolitana di Napoli was to provide free books for riders on the network.[24]
See also
Notes
- ^ Since 2013, Line 6 is suspended
- ^ Combined data of Line 1, 2 and 11; including 4 funicular railways
References
- ^ a b c d e f g [anm in figures] (in Italian). Azienda Napoletana Mobilità s.p.a. (ANM). Archived from the original on 2015-05-11. Retrieved 2015-06-19.
- ^ "ANM Web Site - Anm in cifre".
- ^ a b c "Metropolitana di Napoli linea 2".
- ^
- ^ (in Italian). 20 September 1925. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
- ^ a b Giovanni Cornolò (2011). Automotrici elettriche. Dalle origini al 1983. Duegi Editrice. p. 28. ISBN 978-88-95096-05-6.
- ^ L. Munzi: Nuovi treni SEPSA. In: ″Italmodel Ferrovie″ Nr. 220 (November 1978), p. 765.
- ^ Metropolitana di Napoli. In: ″I Treni Oggi″ Nr. 137 (May 1993), p. 8.
- ^ a b c d e [HOME - Press Kit - Press Kit - Line 1 - History of Naples Metro Line 1] (in Italian). Metronapoli SpA. Archived from the original on 2013-11-14. Retrieved 2013-11-13.
- ^ a b Robert Schwandl. "Napoli". UrbanRail.net. Retrieved 2015-06-19.
- ^ David Briginshaw (1999). "Signs Of Progress In Naples And Turin - Brief Article". International Railway Journal. Retrieved 2008-10-02.
- ^ "Trasporti su ferro, dal Cipe l'ok ai progetti della Regione". Il Mattino. 3 December 2005.
- ^ "HOME - Press Kit - Press Kit - Linea 6 - Con Linea 6 il sistema Metronapoli avanza" [HOME - Press Kit - Press Kit - Line 6 - With Line 6, the system advances Metronapoli] (in Italian). Metronapoli SpA. Archived from the original on 2013-11-14. Retrieved 2013-11-13.
- ^ (in Italian). Azienda Napoletana Mobilità s.p.a. (ANM). Archived from the original on 2015-06-20. Retrieved 2015-06-19.
Serve complessivamente 17 stazioni su un percorso di 18 km di rete, raggiungendo in alcuni punti una pendenza del 5,5%. ([Line 1] serves a total of 17 stations over a distance of 18 km network, reaching in places a slope of 5.5%.)
Including Municipio station that opened in June 2015, there are now 18 stations on Line 1. - ^ "Carta della mobilità 2020 - ANM" (PDF) (in Italian). Retrieved 2020-07-11.
- ^ a b c d e f (PDF) (in Italian). Azienda Napoletana Mobilità s.p.a. (ANM). Archived from the original on 2017-10-20. Retrieved 2017-11-24.
- ^ a b "Metro Linea 10 Afragola-Napoli: finalmente parte il progetto" (in Italian). Napolike.it. Retrieved 2023-07-17.
- ^ "Naples orders further CAF metro cars for line 1 extension". Urban Transport Magazine. 6 August 2019. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
- ^ "L'apertura della Metro Linea 6 di Napoli slitta di un anno: "A giugno 2024"" (in Italian).
{{cite web}}:|archive-date=requires|archive-url=(help) - ^ "La Nuova Metro Linea 10: da piazza Cavour 6 stazioni in città e poi altre 7 in provincia di Napoli". napoli da vivere (in Italian). 20 July 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
- ^ a b "Frequenze def" [Final frequencies] (PDF) (in Italian). Azienda Napoletana Mobilità s.p.a. (ANM). Retrieved 2015-06-19.[dead link]
- ^ Navarro, Andrea (2023-02-15). "Napoli, Metro Linea 6: rimandata apertura, data e stato lavori". Napolike.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2023-05-09.
- ^ "Naples Metro". Metrobits.org. 25 September 2008.
- ^ "Libri gratis in Metropolitana Linea 1". Napolibella. 2 November 2008.
External links
Media related to Naples metro at Wikimedia Commons
- Metropolitana di Napoli – Official Website (in Italian)