Innovia APM is a rubber-tired automated people mover system (APM) currently manufactured and marketed by Alstom as part of its Innovia series of fully automated transportation systems. The technology was introduced in 1963 by Westinghouse and has been improved over three generations. The Innovia APM 100 (known originally as C-100 and CX-100), Innovia APM 200 (originally known as just Innovia people mover) and the latest Innovia APM 300. The license to use the technology has also passes hands several times, from Westinghouse to AEG in 1988, to Adtranz in 1996, to Bombardier Transportation in 2001,[1] and most recently to Alstom in 2021.
A refurbished Skybus on display at Alstom's factory in West Mifflin, PA
Development began in the 1960s when Westinghouse, a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania company, first engineered an automated people mover (APM) for use on a demonstration project at the Allegheny County Fairgrounds in Pittsburgh.[2] The technology came to be known as the Skybus, because it was a rubber-tired vehicle, similar to a bus that operated on a designated elevated roadway.[3] Engineers believed that it would be able to move 5,000 to 14,000 per hour per direction, and could offer around-the-clock service every two minutes. After the tests, Westinghouse and the Port Authority of Allegheny County attempted to build larger system, the Transit Expressway Revenue Line, which proved controversial.[4] Political leaders were skeptical of the rubber-tired mass transit technology, and accused the Port Authority of improperly choosing Westinghouse's APM over a competing proposal for a more traditional light rail system. Eventually plans to implement a Skybus system in Pennsylvania were rejected.[5] Despite this, work continued on the technology.
First-generation C-100 vehicles operating at Tampa International Airport in 1982
In 1971, Westinghouse was finally able to commercialize its APM technology, selling what it called the C-100 system to Tampa International Airport, ushering in dozens similar people mover systems at airports around the world.[6] The C-100 was improved with a updated second-generation of vehicles, and the more heavily updated CX-100 system. All together, 14 systems were delivered in the 1980s and 1990s.
The APM technology was purchased by AEG in 1988 and later transferred to Adtranz in 1996.
As the competing Crystal Mover system grew in popularity, Adtranz began developing a new, more aerodynamic model known as Innovia, which started testing in 1999. In addition to its sleeker appearance, the new Innovia people mover also offered greater speeds, tighter turns, full composite construction and a choice in end caps. The first Innovia people mover system delivered opened in 2005 at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport.[7]
The technology transferred to Bombardier Transportation in 2001, which continued to sell both the newer Innovia APM 200 and the older CX-100 technology under the name Innovia APM 100.[8] The last Innovia APM 100 system delivered was delivered in 2010[9]).
Amid the development of a third generation model, Bombardier decided to rebrand its entire automated transit system portfolio as Innovia. The two previous models became legacy systems and are no longer marketed to new customers, although existing customers can and do still order more vehicles as needed. The third and latest model is called the Innovia APM 300 system. It looks very similar to the original Innovia people mover (now called the Innovia APM 200 system), but is longer, more energy efficient and capable of 6-car train configurations.[10]
In November 2014, Bombardier signed a joint venture agreement with China's CRRC Nanjing Puzhen to manufacture and market Innovia APM and Innovia Monorail systems in the Chinese market.[11]
Innovia APM vehicles operate as part of a fully integrated transit system[35] with all elements (vehicles, signaling, communications, power supply and distribution, trackwork, platform screen doors, etc.[36]) designed to function together as a complete package. Typically, these integrated systems are delivered as a turnkey transit system contract.[37]
Route layout and system configuration
Innovia APM systems are most often used in airport settings as inter-terminal connections or links to local amenities in and around the airport such as car rentals, parking garages and local public transit. Currently there are three urban systems used as feeder systems as part of a larger mass transit network. Innovia APM systems operate in tunnels, on elevated guideways, and sometimes in an open cut (pit) or a combination of tunnels and elevated guideways.
They can assume three different system configurations – shuttle,[38] loop,[39] and pinched loop.[40] The shuttle system is the least complex. One train operates on each lane of a dual lane guideway. After the train dwells in one of the end stations for passengers for entry and exit, it reverses direction and returns to the opposite end station. Because Innovia APM vehicles are fully automated, they do not require a driver's cab, which allows them to be bidirectional. A loop is an enclosed system that connects multiple stations along a track or guideway that is a continuous circle or closed curve. Loop systems can be designed as either a single lane or a dual lane configuration. A pinched-loop system shares common characteristics with both the shuttle and the loop systems. Pinched loops look like a dual-lane shuttle (with two parallel guideways), but trains can go from one track to the other changing direction via switches at each end. As a result, traffic on a pinched loop flows in opposite directions on two parallel tracks, but can accommodate many stations.[41]
^. highbeam.com. Archived from the original on 2015-03-29.
^"Skybus in Pittsburgh". Brookline Connection. Retrieved 2022-08-10.
^. google.com. Archived from the original on 2016-04-10. Retrieved 2016-09-19.
^"The Pittsburgh Press – Google News Archive Search". google.com.
^"The Pittsburgh Press – Google News Archive Search". google.com.
^Leder, William H.; Sproule, William J. (2013). "Airport APMs—History and Future". Automated People Movers and Transit Systems 2013. pp. 14–37. doi:10.1061/9780784412862.002. ISBN978-0-7844-1286-2.
^. Leaelliott.com. Archived from the original on 2015-03-23. Retrieved 2015-03-06.
^"Bombardier and London Gatwick Airport Celebrate the Completion of the New INNOVIA APM 100 System". Eurotransport Magazine. Retrieved 2015-03-06.
^ abDVV Media Group GmbH. "Guangzhou peoplemover enters service". Railway Gazette. Retrieved 2015-03-06.
^"Bombardier Completes Automated People Mover System in Beijing, China". Marketwired.com. Retrieved 2015-03-06.
^. Forum.dallasmetropolis.com. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2015-03-06.
^"Bombardier people mover cars enter service in Singapore". Global Rail News. 2014-11-19. Archived from the original on 2015-03-09. Retrieved 2015-03-06.
^DVV Media Group GmbH. . Railway Gazette. Archived from the original on 2015-04-04. Retrieved 2015-03-06.
^Freishtat, Sarah (November 2, 2021). "After years of delays, O'Hare's 'people mover' to reopen Wednesday on a limited schedule". Chicago Tribune. from the original on 2021-11-02. Retrieved 2021-11-02.
^"Bombardier to build automated people mover system at Dubai Airport". Railway Technology. 29 November 2012. Retrieved 2015-03-06.
^Tom Wadlow (2018-06-11). . Construction Global. Archived from the original on 2018-06-14. Retrieved 2018-06-13.
^"Alstom's first airport APM 300 system at New Chengdu Tianfu International Airport enters service". Retrieved 15 July 2021.
^"First automatic people mover (APM) delivered to Beijing Capital International Airport". Retrieved 15 July 2021.
^ ab"庞巴迪中国合资企业斩获深圳机场全自动旅客捷运系统合同". Retrieved 12 September 2021.
^"Pestech to finance, upgrade and operate KLIA Aerotrain project for RM743m". 28 December 2021.
^Leder, William H.; Sproule, William J. (April 2013). APM and Other Driverless Systems for Integrated Urban Planning and Sustainability. ISBN978-0-7844-1286-2.
^"Bombardier to design, build, supply, operate and maintain an INNOVIA APM system for Munich Airport".
^. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02. Retrieved 2015-03-06.
^(PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-07-03. Retrieved 2015-03-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^Morris, Jane L.; Decostro, Robert L.; Incorvati, Mark V. (2011). "PHX Sky Train: APM Adaptation for Phoenix". Automated People Movers and Transit Systems 2011. pp. 114–125. doi:10.1061/41193(424)11. ISBN978-0-7844-1193-3.
^. ntl.bts.gov. Archived from the original on 2004-06-01.
External links
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) – Automated People Mover Standards Committee
May 15, 2023
innovia, rubber, tired, automated, people, mover, system, currently, manufactured, marketed, alstom, part, innovia, series, fully, automated, transportation, systems, technology, introduced, 1963, westinghouse, been, improved, over, three, generations, known, . Innovia APM is a rubber tired automated people mover system APM currently manufactured and marketed by Alstom as part of its Innovia series of fully automated transportation systems The technology was introduced in 1963 by Westinghouse and has been improved over three generations The Innovia APM 100 known originally as C 100 and CX 100 Innovia APM 200 originally known as just Innovia people mover and the latest Innovia APM 300 The license to use the technology has also passes hands several times from Westinghouse to AEG in 1988 to Adtranz in 1996 to Bombardier Transportation in 2001 1 and most recently to Alstom in 2021 Innovia APMInnovia APM 300 in BangkokIn service1963 presentManufacturerWestinghouse 1963 1988 AEG 1988 1996 Adtranz 1996 2001 Bombardier 2001 2021 CRRC Nanjing Puzhen 2014 present Alstom 2021 present DesignerWestinghouseBuilt atWest Mifflin Pennsylvania US Alstom Wuhu China CRRC Nanjing Puzhen Family nameInnovia Contents 1 History 2 Production 3 Implementations 3 1 Innovia APM 100 systems 3 1 1 At airports 3 1 2 Urban systems 3 2 Innovia APM 200 systems 3 3 Innovia APM 256 systems 3 4 Innovia APM 300 systems 3 4 1 At airports 3 4 2 Urban systems 4 Integrated Systems 5 Route layout and system configuration 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksHistory Edit A refurbished Skybus on display at Alstom s factory in West Mifflin PA Development began in the 1960s when Westinghouse a Pittsburgh Pennsylvania company first engineered an automated people mover APM for use on a demonstration project at the Allegheny County Fairgrounds in Pittsburgh 2 The technology came to be known as the Skybus because it was a rubber tired vehicle similar to a bus that operated on a designated elevated roadway 3 Engineers believed that it would be able to move 5 000 to 14 000 per hour per direction and could offer around the clock service every two minutes After the tests Westinghouse and the Port Authority of Allegheny County attempted to build larger system the Transit Expressway Revenue Line which proved controversial 4 Political leaders were skeptical of the rubber tired mass transit technology and accused the Port Authority of improperly choosing Westinghouse s APM over a competing proposal for a more traditional light rail system Eventually plans to implement a Skybus system in Pennsylvania were rejected 5 Despite this work continued on the technology First generation C 100 vehicles operating at Tampa International Airport in 1982 In 1971 Westinghouse was finally able to commercialize its APM technology selling what it called the C 100 system to Tampa International Airport ushering in dozens similar people mover systems at airports around the world 6 The C 100 was improved with a updated second generation of vehicles and the more heavily updated CX 100 system All together 14 systems were delivered in the 1980s and 1990s The APM technology was purchased by AEG in 1988 and later transferred to Adtranz in 1996 Innovia vehicles later renamed Innovia 200 APM operating on DFW Skylink As the competing Crystal Mover system grew in popularity Adtranz began developing a new more aerodynamic model known as Innovia which started testing in 1999 In addition to its sleeker appearance the new Innovia people mover also offered greater speeds tighter turns full composite construction and a choice in end caps The first Innovia people mover system delivered opened in 2005 at Dallas Fort Worth International Airport 7 The technology transferred to Bombardier Transportation in 2001 which continued to sell both the newer Innovia APM 200 and the older CX 100 technology under the name Innovia APM 100 8 The last Innovia APM 100 system delivered was delivered in 2010 9 Amid the development of a third generation model Bombardier decided to rebrand its entire automated transit system portfolio as Innovia The two previous models became legacy systems and are no longer marketed to new customers although existing customers can and do still order more vehicles as needed The third and latest model is called the Innovia APM 300 system It looks very similar to the original Innovia people mover now called the Innovia APM 200 system but is longer more energy efficient and capable of 6 car train configurations 10 In November 2014 Bombardier signed a joint venture agreement with China s CRRC Nanjing Puzhen to manufacture and market Innovia APM and Innovia Monorail systems in the Chinese market 11 Production EditInnovia APM vehicles are assembled in West Mifflin Pennsylvania part of the Greater Pittsburgh Area and not far from where the first demonstration trains ran The multi building facility specializes in automated people mover technology and has three test tracks 12 13 Vehicles manufactured by the joint venture with CRRC Nanjing Puzhen are manufactured in Wuhu Anhui Province in China 14 Implementations EditInnovia APM 100 systems Edit Innovia APM 100 in Singapore Main article Innovia APM 100 At airports Edit AeroTrain at Kuala Lumpur International Airport Malaysia to be replaced with Innovia APM 300 rolling stock in 2025 15 AirTrain at San Francisco International Airport United States 16 Automated Guideway Transit System at Denver International Airport United States 17 Beijing Capital International Airport China 18 Changi Airport Singapore replaced by Crystal Mover system in 2006 Madrid Barajas International Airport Spain Harry Reid International Airport People Movers three lines at Harry Reid International Airport United States Orlando International Airport People Movers at Orlando International Airport United States gates 70 129 only Pittsburgh International Airport People Movers at Pittsburgh International Airport United States Satellite Transit System at Seattle Tacoma International Airport United States SkyBridge at Leonardo da Vinci Airport Italy SkyLine at Frankfurt Airport Germany Skyway at George Bush Intercontinental Airport United States SMF Automated People Mover at Sacramento International Airport United States Tampa International Airport People Movers at Tampa International Airport United States TerminaLink at George Bush Intercontinental Airport United States The Plane Train at Hartsfield Jackson Atlanta International Airport United States Tracked Shuttle System at London Gatwick Airport United Kingdom Transit System at London Stansted Airport United KingdomUrban systems Edit Metromover Miami Florida United States 19 Bukit Panjang LRT Singapore 20 Zhujiang New Town Automated People Mover System Guangzhou China 9 Innovia APM 200 systems Edit Innovia APM 200 at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport Main article Innovia APM 200 DFW Skylink at Dallas Fort Worth International Airport United States 21 Heathrow Terminal 5 Transit at Heathrow Airport United Kingdom 22 PHX Sky Train at Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport United States 23 Innovia APM 256 systems Edit Main article Innovia APM 256 The Innovia APM 256 was designed as a direct replacement for the VAL 256 system Wenhu Line of Taipei Metro Taiwan 24 Airport Transit System at Chicago O Hare International Airport United States 25 Innovia APM 300 systems Edit Innovia APM 300 in Bangkok At airports Edit Dubai International Airport Automated People Mover at Dubai International Airport United Arab Emirates 26 Terminal 1 Terminal 3 uses Crystal Mover King Abdulaziz International Airport Saudi Arabia 27 Munich Airport Germany 28 29 LAX Automated People Mover at Los Angeles International Airport United States 30 Chengdu Tianfu International Airport China 31 Beijing Capital International Airport China only new rolling stock 32 Shenzhen Bao an International Airport China 33 Hong Kong International Airport Hong Kong 33 AeroTrain at Kuala Lumpur International Airport Malaysia new rolling stock 34 Urban systems Edit Bangkok Gold Line Thailand Pujiang line China Bukit Panjang LRT line Singapore new rolling stock Integrated Systems EditInnovia APM vehicles operate as part of a fully integrated transit system 35 with all elements vehicles signaling communications power supply and distribution trackwork platform screen doors etc 36 designed to function together as a complete package Typically these integrated systems are delivered as a turnkey transit system contract 37 Route layout and system configuration EditInnovia APM systems are most often used in airport settings as inter terminal connections or links to local amenities in and around the airport such as car rentals parking garages and local public transit Currently there are three urban systems used as feeder systems as part of a larger mass transit network Innovia APM systems operate in tunnels on elevated guideways and sometimes in an open cut pit or a combination of tunnels and elevated guideways They can assume three different system configurations shuttle 38 loop 39 and pinched loop 40 The shuttle system is the least complex One train operates on each lane of a dual lane guideway After the train dwells in one of the end stations for passengers for entry and exit it reverses direction and returns to the opposite end station Because Innovia APM vehicles are fully automated they do not require a driver s cab which allows them to be bidirectional A loop is an enclosed system that connects multiple stations along a track or guideway that is a continuous circle or closed curve Loop systems can be designed as either a single lane or a dual lane configuration A pinched loop system shares common characteristics with both the shuttle and the loop systems Pinched loops look like a dual lane shuttle with two parallel guideways but trains can go from one track to the other changing direction via switches at each end As a result traffic on a pinched loop flows in opposite directions on two parallel tracks but can accommodate many stations 41 See also EditRubber tyred tram and Rubber tyred metroCompeting systems Cable Liner Crystal Mover Vehicule Automatique Leger VAL References Edit Bombardier gets Adtranz for a bargain Brief Article highbeam com Archived from the original on 2015 03 29 Skybus in Pittsburgh Brookline Connection Retrieved 2022 08 10 The Milwaukee Journal Google News Archive Search google com Archived from the original on 2016 04 10 Retrieved 2016 09 19 The Pittsburgh Press Google News Archive Search google com The Pittsburgh Press Google News Archive Search google com Leder William H Sproule William J 2013 Airport APMs History and Future Automated People Movers and Transit Systems 2013 pp 14 37 doi 10 1061 9780784412862 002 ISBN 978 0 7844 1286 2 Dallas Fort Worth International Airport Skylink Lea Elliott Leaelliott com Archived from the original on 2015 03 23 Retrieved 2015 03 06 Bombardier and London Gatwick Airport Celebrate the Completion of the New INNOVIA APM 100 System Eurotransport Magazine Retrieved 2015 03 06 a b DVV Media Group GmbH Guangzhou peoplemover enters service Railway Gazette Retrieved 2015 03 06 Bombardier INNOVIA APM 300 Railway Technology 2011 06 15 Retrieved 2015 03 06 Thunder Bay News NetNewsLedger com Bombardier Announces Joint Venture for China Thunder Bay News NetNewsLedger com 6 November 2014 Pa technology fund links universities industry to solve innovation problems TribLIVE com Grata Joe June 6 1999 Adtranz is world leader in people moving Pittsburgh Post Gazette Retrieved 2022 08 10 CRRC Bombardier JV Sign Contract for 19 APMs for Singapore Railway News 2019 05 22 Retrieved 2020 06 18 Crashkit International Corporation Canadian Aviation Survival Gear Bombardier Signs New People Mover Contract at San Francisco Airport Railway Technology Archived from the original on 2015 04 02 Retrieved 2015 03 06 Bombardier Denver sign APM contract Rail Metro Magazine 2010 12 22 Retrieved 2015 03 06 Bombardier Completes Automated People Mover System in Beijing China Marketwired com Retrieved 2015 03 06 People Movers find their niche Archive Dallas Fort Worth Urban Forum Forum dallasmetropolis com Archived from the original on 2015 04 02 Retrieved 2015 03 06 Bombardier people mover cars enter service in Singapore Global Rail News 2014 11 19 Archived from the original on 2015 03 09 Retrieved 2015 03 06 HighBeam metrotram it metrotram it 2011 01 29 Retrieved 2015 03 06 PHX Sky Train Sky Harbor International Airport Phoenix Railway Technology 2011 06 15 Retrieved 2015 03 06 DVV Media Group GmbH Taipei Neihu Line inaugurated Railway Gazette Archived from the original on 2015 04 04 Retrieved 2015 03 06 Freishtat Sarah November 2 2021 After years of delays O Hare s people mover to reopen Wednesday on a limited schedule Chicago Tribune Archived from the original on 2021 11 02 Retrieved 2021 11 02 Bombardier to build automated people mover system at Dubai Airport Railway Technology 29 November 2012 Retrieved 2015 03 06 Stephen White Bombardier wins Jeddah airport people mover deal ConstructionWeekOnline com Retrieved 2015 03 06 New automated people mover system for Munich Airport Passengerterminaltoday com 2011 11 23 Retrieved 2015 03 06 Bombardier s INNOVIA APM 300 Automated People Mover System Enters Service at Munich Airport Retrieved 2015 03 06 Tom Wadlow 2018 06 11 Los Angeles International Airport awards contracts for 4 9bn monorail installation Construction Global Archived from the original on 2018 06 14 Retrieved 2018 06 13 Alstom s first airport APM 300 system at New Chengdu Tianfu International Airport enters service Retrieved 15 July 2021 First automatic people mover APM delivered to Beijing Capital International Airport Retrieved 15 July 2021 a b 庞巴迪中国合资企业斩获深圳机场全自动旅客捷运系统合同 Retrieved 12 September 2021 Pestech to finance upgrade and operate KLIA Aerotrain project for RM743m 28 December 2021 Leder William H Sproule William J April 2013 APM and Other Driverless Systems for Integrated Urban Planning and Sustainability ISBN 978 0 7844 1286 2 Bombardier to design build supply operate and maintain an INNOVIA APM system for Munich Airport Globe Investor Bombardier Celebrates the Opening of the INNOVIA APM 100 System at the Sacramento International Airport in the USA Yahoo Finance Canada Archived from the original on 2015 04 02 Retrieved 2015 03 06 Archived copy PDF Archived from the original PDF on 2015 07 03 Retrieved 2015 03 02 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Morris Jane L Decostro Robert L Incorvati Mark V 2011 PHX Sky Train APM Adaptation for Phoenix Automated People Movers and Transit Systems 2011 pp 114 125 doi 10 1061 41193 424 11 ISBN 978 0 7844 1193 3 Chapter 24 ntl bts gov Archived from the original on 2004 06 01 External links EditAmerican Society of Civil Engineers ASCE Automated People Mover Standards Committee Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Innovia APM amp oldid 1143578312, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
