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Ignaz von Born

January 07, 2023

Ignaz Edler von Born, also known as Ignatius von Born (Hungarian: Born Ignác, Romanian: Ignațiu von Born, Czech: Ignác Born) (26 December 1742 in Alba Iulia,[1] Grand Principality of Transylvania, Habsburg monarchy – 24 July 1791 in Vienna), was a mineralogist and metallurgist. He was a prominent freemason, being head of Vienna's Illuminati lodge and an influential anti-clerical writer. He was the leading scientist in the Holy Roman Empire during the 1770s in the age of Enlightenment.[2]

A portrait of Ignaz von Born

His interests include mining, mineralogy, palaeontology, chemistry,[2] metallurgy and malacology.

Biography

Born belonged to a noble family of Transylvanian Saxon origin. He started school in his hometown,[3] then was educated in a Jesuit college in Vienna, but left the Jesuits after sixteen months to study law at Prague University. He then travelled extensively to present-day Germany, the Netherlands, and France, studying mineralogy, and on his return to Prague in 1770 entered the department of mines and the mint.

In 1776 he was appointed by Maria Theresa to arrange the imperial museum at Vienna (German: K.k. Hof-Naturalienkabinette, the predecessor of today's Naturhistorisches Museum), where he was nominated to the council of mines and the mint, and continued to reside until his death.

He introduced a method of extracting metals by amalgamation (Uber des Anquicken der Erze, 1786), and other improvements in mining and other technical processes. His publications also include Lithophylacium Bornianum (1772–1775) and Bergbaukunde (1789), besides several museum catalogues.

Born attempted satire with no great success. Die Staatsperücke, a tale published without his knowledge in 1772. He criticised state bureaucracy in this work.[2] And an attack on Father Hell, the Jesuit, and king's astronomer at Vienna, are two of his satirical works. Part of a satire, entitled Monachologia, in which the monks are described in the technical language of natural history, is also ascribed to him.

Born was well acquainted with Latin and the principal modern languages of Europe, and with many branches of science not immediately connected with metallurgy and mineralogy. He took an active part in the political changes in Hungary. After the death of the emperor Joseph II, the diet of the states of Hungary rescinded many innovations of that ruler, and conferred the rights of denizen on several persons who had been favourable to the cause of the Hungarians, and, amongst others, on Born.

In 1771 Born was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and in 1774 a Fellow of the Royal Society[4]

In 1781 Born proposed that Austria undertake a scientific voyage round the world, emulating those of Cook.[5] The expedition was described in the press in the following terms:

Vienna, 20 July 1782. His Majesty the Emperor has ordered Councillor von Born, one of our Monarchy’s most learned savants, to put forward two subjects experienced in Natural History, to send to America in order to make new discoveries there. Mr. Heidinger, Adjunct in the Imperial Natural History Cabinet, and Doctor Maerter, Lecturer in Natural History at the Theresianum, were presented and approved; also, a Gardener and a Painter were included with them. They will go by Cape Horn to Otaheiti, from thence to Sandwich Island, to the American Coast on the North side of California, and finally to China. They both have knowledge of all areas of Natural History; it can therefore be assured that their discoveries will be of much greater ambit and usefulness than all that have been made hitherto, since Banks, Solander, and Forster looked at few other Objects of Natural History than Botany. At the end of August, they will sail on the Ship Comte de Cobenzell.[6]

Born himself hoped to lead the expedition, but the poor state of his health meant that he had to relinquish the post of leader in favour of Franz Josef Maerter, who was accompanied by Franz Boos.[7] Subsequently, in July 1789, Born recommended Thaddaeus Haenke to the Spanish Government for appointment as botanist on the Malaspina expedition.[8]

In 1790, he catalogued the mineral collection of Éléonore de Raab, and this work formed the basis of William Babington's 1799 work A New System of Mineralogy, in the form of a Catalogue, after the manner of Baron Born’s Systematic Catalogue of the collection of fossils of Mlle Éléonore de Raab.[9]

At the time of his death in 1791, he was writing Fasti Leopoldini, probably relating to the prudent conduct of Leopold II, the successor of Joseph, towards the Hungarians.

As an active freemason in the "Benevolence" lodge, he introduced and tutored Mozart into the lodge. Born's essay Über die Mysterien der Ägypter (The Mysteries of the Egyptians), published in 1784 in the freemason periodical Journal für Freymaurer, was one of the sources for the libretto for The Magic Flute written for Mozart by Emanuel Schikaneder.[10] Born was also the regional head of the Viennese Illuminati lodge, and was a sympathiser with the enlightenment ideas of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing. He published an anticlerical satire called Monachologien in 1783, in which he depicts monks as being of a distinct race that is a mixture between ape and man.[11]

The mineral bornite (Cu5FeS4), a common copper ore mineral was named in his honour.

Selected publications

  • Born, I. 1778. Index rerum naturalium Musei Cæsarei Vindobonensis. Pars I.ma. Testacea. Verzeichniß der natürlichen Seltenheiten des k. k. Naturalien Cabinets zu Wien. Erster Theil. Schalthiere. Vindobonæ: Kraus. [1–40] + 1–458 + [1–82]. (in Latin and German language)
  • Born, I. E. von (1790). Catalogue Methodique et Raisonne de la Collection des Fossiles de Mlle. Éléonore de Raab. Vienna: J. V. Degen.[12]

Species described

Species described by Ignatius von Born include:[13]

gastropods:

synonyms of gastropods:

  • Tritonium costatum (Born, 1778) and Triton costatum (Born, 1778) and Murex costatus Born, 1778 are synonyms for Cymatium parthenopeum (von Salis, 1793)
  • Murex gigas Born, 1780 is a synonym for Syrinx aruanus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Turbo torcularis Born, 1778 is a synonym for Torcula exoleta (Linnaeus, 1758)

bivalves:

  • Argopecten nucleus (Born, 1778) – synonyms: Ostrea nucleus Born, 1778; Aequipecten nucleus (Born, 1778); Pecten nucleus (Born, 1778)
  • Ctenoides scabra (Born, 1778) – synonyms: Ostrea scabra Born, 1778; Lima scabra (Born, 1778)
  • Dosinia concentrica (Born, 1778) – synonyms: Venus concentrica Born, 1778; Cytherea concentrica (Born, 1778); Artemis concentrica (Born, 1778)
  • Eurytellina punicea (Born, 1778) – synonym: Tellina punicea Born, 1778
  • Gafrarium calipygum (Born, 1778)
  • Mactra glauca Born, 1778
  • Ostrea cristata Born, 1778
  • Panopea glycimeris (Born, 1778)
  • Papyridea lata (Born, 1778) – synonym: Cardium latum Born, 1778
  • Pitar circinatus (Born, 1778) – synonyms: Venus circinata Born, 1778; Cytherea circinatus (Born, 1778)
  • Tellina punicea (Born, 1778)
  • Tivela mactroides (Born, 1778) – synonym: Venus mactroides Born, 1778; Cytherea mactroides (Born, 1778)

Notes

Regarding personal names: Edler is a rank of nobility, not a first or middle name. The female form is Edle.

See also

References

  1. ^ Born, Ignaz; Raspe, Rudolf Erich; Ferber, Johann Jakob (1 January 1777). Travels through the Bannat of Temeswar, Transylvania, and Hungary, in the year 1770. Described in a series of letter to Prof. Ferber, on the mines and mountains of these different countries. London : Printed by J. Miller, for G. Kearsley. pp. 136.
  2. ^ a b c (in Czech) Dvaasedmdesát jmen české historie (46/72). Ignác Born.. (Film document by Czech television, 2009), website. Retrieved 3 October 2009.
  3. ^ Born, Ignaz; Raspe, Rudolf Erich; Ferber, Johann Jakob (1 January 1777). Travels through the Bannat of Temeswar, Transylvania, and Hungary, in the year 1770. Described in a series of letter to Prof. Ferber, on the mines and mountains of these different countries. London : Printed by J. Miller, for G. Kearsley. pp. 137.
  4. ^ "Fellow Details". Royal Society. Retrieved 17 January 2017.
  5. ^ Nicolai Josephi Jacquin, Plantarum Rariorum Horti Caesarei Schoenbrunnensis Descriptiones et Icones, Vienna, Vol.I, 1797, Praefatio, pp.iii-v; Ernst Moritz Kronfeld, Park und Garten von Schönbrunn, Wien, 1923, S.75–76.
  6. ^ Diemer of Watergraafs-Meersch Courant (Amsterdam), 26 July 1782. Also in the Mercure de France, 10 Aout 1782, pp.53-4
  7. ^ Leopold Joseph Fitzinger, "Geschichte des Kaiserlich-Königlichen Hof-Naturalien-Cabinetes zu Wien," Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, Band 21, Wien, 1856, S.453–454; Robert J. King, "William Bolts and the Austrian Origins of the Lapérouse Expedition", Terrae Incognitae, vol.40, 2008, pp.1–28.
  8. ^ Born to Banks, 8 February 1791, British Library Additional Manuscript 8097: 375–6. Josef Haubelt, "Haenke, Born y Banks", Ibero-Americana Pragensia, Vol.IV, 1970, p.182.
  9. ^ Babington, William (1799). A New System of Mineralogy in the Form of a Catalogue: After the Manner of Baron Born's Systematic Catalogue of the collection of fossils of Mlle Éléonore de Raab. W. Phillips, G.C. and J . Robinson and T. Cox. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  10. ^ Jan Assmann, Jehova-Isis: The Mysteries of Egypt and the Quest for Natural Religion in the Age of Enlightenment, in: Irene. A. Bierman (Hrsg.), Egypt and the Fabrication of European Identity (UCLA Near East Center, Colloquium Series), Los Angeles 1995, S. 35-83
  11. ^ Robert Kreil, Wiener Freunde 1784–1800, Wien, 1883.
  12. ^ "[34] Catalog of Eleonore DeRaab (1741-1793?)". Highlights from Record Library IIIB (PDF). The Mineralogical Record.
  13. ^ Malacolog Version 4.1.1. A Database of Western Atlantic Marine Mollusca. Retrieved 5 October 2009. (searching for Born)

Further reading

  • Drace-Francis, Alex 2006. "A provincial imperialist and a Curious Account of Wallachia: Ignaz von Born." European History Quarterly, vol. 36 (2006), pp. 61–89.

External links

 
Wikispecies has information related to Ignatius, Edler von Born.

January 07, 2023
ignaz, born, ignaz, edler, born, also, known, ignatius, born, hungarian, born, ignác, romanian, ignațiu, born, czech, ignác, born, december, 1742, alba, iulia, grand, principality, transylvania, habsburg, monarchy, july, 1791, vienna, mineralogist, metallurgis. Ignaz Edler von Born also known as Ignatius von Born Hungarian Born Ignac Romanian Ignațiu von Born Czech Ignac Born 26 December 1742 in Alba Iulia 1 Grand Principality of Transylvania Habsburg monarchy 24 July 1791 in Vienna was a mineralogist and metallurgist He was a prominent freemason being head of Vienna s Illuminati lodge and an influential anti clerical writer He was the leading scientist in the Holy Roman Empire during the 1770s in the age of Enlightenment 2 A portrait of Ignaz von Born His interests include mining mineralogy palaeontology chemistry 2 metallurgy and malacology Contents 1 Biography 2 Selected publications 3 Species described 4 Notes 5 See also 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksBiography EditBorn belonged to a noble family of Transylvanian Saxon origin He started school in his hometown 3 then was educated in a Jesuit college in Vienna but left the Jesuits after sixteen months to study law at Prague University He then travelled extensively to present day Germany the Netherlands and France studying mineralogy and on his return to Prague in 1770 entered the department of mines and the mint In 1776 he was appointed by Maria Theresa to arrange the imperial museum at Vienna German K k Hof Naturalienkabinette the predecessor of today s Naturhistorisches Museum where he was nominated to the council of mines and the mint and continued to reside until his death He introduced a method of extracting metals by amalgamation Uber des Anquicken der Erze 1786 and other improvements in mining and other technical processes His publications also include Lithophylacium Bornianum 1772 1775 and Bergbaukunde 1789 besides several museum catalogues Born attempted satire with no great success Die Staatsperucke a tale published without his knowledge in 1772 He criticised state bureaucracy in this work 2 And an attack on Father Hell the Jesuit and king s astronomer at Vienna are two of his satirical works Part of a satire entitled Monachologia in which the monks are described in the technical language of natural history is also ascribed to him Born was well acquainted with Latin and the principal modern languages of Europe and with many branches of science not immediately connected with metallurgy and mineralogy He took an active part in the political changes in Hungary After the death of the emperor Joseph II the diet of the states of Hungary rescinded many innovations of that ruler and conferred the rights of denizen on several persons who had been favourable to the cause of the Hungarians and amongst others on Born In 1771 Born was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and in 1774 a Fellow of the Royal Society 4 In 1781 Born proposed that Austria undertake a scientific voyage round the world emulating those of Cook 5 The expedition was described in the press in the following terms Vienna 20 July 1782 His Majesty the Emperor has ordered Councillor von Born one of our Monarchy s most learned savants to put forward two subjects experienced in Natural History to send to America in order to make new discoveries there Mr Heidinger Adjunct in the Imperial Natural History Cabinet and Doctor Maerter Lecturer in Natural History at the Theresianum were presented and approved also a Gardener and a Painter were included with them They will go by Cape Horn to Otaheiti from thence to Sandwich Island to the American Coast on the North side of California and finally to China They both have knowledge of all areas of Natural History it can therefore be assured that their discoveries will be of much greater ambit and usefulness than all that have been made hitherto since Banks Solander and Forster looked at few other Objects of Natural History than Botany At the end of August they will sail on the Ship Comte de Cobenzell 6 Born himself hoped to lead the expedition but the poor state of his health meant that he had to relinquish the post of leader in favour of Franz Josef Maerter who was accompanied by Franz Boos 7 Subsequently in July 1789 Born recommended Thaddaeus Haenke to the Spanish Government for appointment as botanist on the Malaspina expedition 8 In 1790 he catalogued the mineral collection of Eleonore de Raab and this work formed the basis of William Babington s 1799 work A New System of Mineralogy in the form of a Catalogue after the manner of Baron Born s Systematic Catalogue of the collection of fossils of Mlle Eleonore de Raab 9 At the time of his death in 1791 he was writing Fasti Leopoldini probably relating to the prudent conduct of Leopold II the successor of Joseph towards the Hungarians As an active freemason in the Benevolence lodge he introduced and tutored Mozart into the lodge Born s essay Uber die Mysterien der Agypter The Mysteries of the Egyptians published in 1784 in the freemason periodical Journal fur Freymaurer was one of the sources for the libretto for The Magic Flute written for Mozart by Emanuel Schikaneder 10 Born was also the regional head of the Viennese Illuminati lodge and was a sympathiser with the enlightenment ideas of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing He published an anticlerical satire called Monachologien in 1783 in which he depicts monks as being of a distinct race that is a mixture between ape and man 11 The mineral bornite Cu5FeS4 a common copper ore mineral was named in his honour Selected publications EditBorn I 1778 Index rerum naturalium Musei Caesarei Vindobonensis Pars I ma Testacea Verzeichniss der naturlichen Seltenheiten des k k Naturalien Cabinets zu Wien Erster Theil Schalthiere Vindobonae Kraus 1 40 1 458 1 82 in Latin and German language Born I E von 1790 Catalogue Methodique et Raisonne de la Collection des Fossiles de Mlle Eleonore de Raab Vienna J V Degen 12 Species described EditSpecies described by Ignatius von Born include 13 gastropods Bullata bullata Born 1778 synonyms Voluta bullata Born 1778 Marginella bullata Born 1778 Cerithium atratum Born 1778 synonym Murex atratus Born 1778 Cerithium litteratum Born 1778 synonym Murex litteratus Born 1778 Clathrodrillia gibbosa Born 1778 synonyms Crassispira gibbosa Born 1778 Drillia gibbosa Born 1778 Murex gibbosus Born 1778 Conus centurio Born 1778 Conus ermineus Born 1778 synonym Dendroconus ermineus Born 1778 Fissurella nodosa Born 1778 synonym Patella nodosa Born 1778 Hastula cinerea Born 1778 synonyms Terebra cinerea Born 1778 Buccinum cinereum Born 1778 Labyrinthus plicatus Born 1780 synonym Helix plicata Born 1780 Osilinus turbinatus Born 1780 synonym Trochus turbinatus Born 1780 Patella miniata Born 1778 Patella oculus Born 1778 Prunum marginatum Born 1778 synonym Voluta marginata Born 1778 Scutellastra cochlear Born 1778 synonym Patella cochlear Born 1778 Semicassis granulata Born 1778 synonyms Phalium granulata Born 1778 Phalium granulatum Born 1778 Buccinum granulatum Born 1778 Stigmaulax sulcatus Born 1778 synonym Nerita sulcata Born 1778 Tegula fasciata Born 1778 synonyms Trochus fasciatus Born 1778 Chlorostoma fasciata Born 1778 Thais lacera Born 1778 synonym Thais lacerus Born 1778 Trochita trochiformis Born 1778 synonyms Turbo trochiformis Born 1778 Patella trochiformis Born 1778 Vasum muricatum Born 1778 synonyms Voluta muricata Born 1778 Turbinella muricatum Born 1778 Xenophora conchyliophora Born 1780 synonyms Astraea conchyliophora Born 1780 Trochus conchyliophorus Born 1780synonyms of gastropods Tritonium costatum Born 1778 and Triton costatum Born 1778 and Murex costatus Born 1778 are synonyms for Cymatium parthenopeum von Salis 1793 Murex gigas Born 1780 is a synonym for Syrinx aruanus Linnaeus 1758 Turbo torcularis Born 1778 is a synonym for Torcula exoleta Linnaeus 1758 bivalves Argopecten nucleus Born 1778 synonyms Ostrea nucleus Born 1778 Aequipecten nucleus Born 1778 Pecten nucleus Born 1778 Ctenoides scabra Born 1778 synonyms Ostrea scabra Born 1778 Lima scabra Born 1778 Dosinia concentrica Born 1778 synonyms Venus concentrica Born 1778 Cytherea concentrica Born 1778 Artemis concentrica Born 1778 Eurytellina punicea Born 1778 synonym Tellina punicea Born 1778 Gafrarium calipygum Born 1778 Mactra glauca Born 1778 Ostrea cristata Born 1778 Panopea glycimeris Born 1778 Papyridea lata Born 1778 synonym Cardium latum Born 1778 Pitar circinatus Born 1778 synonyms Venus circinata Born 1778 Cytherea circinatus Born 1778 Tellina punicea Born 1778 Tivela mactroides Born 1778 synonym Venus mactroides Born 1778 Cytherea mactroides Born 1778 Notes EditRegarding personal names Edler is a rank of nobility not a first or middle name The female form is Edle See also EditList of minerals named after peopleReferences EditChisholm Hugh ed 1911 Born Ignaz Encyclopaedia Britannica 11th ed Cambridge University Press Museum guide of Mozarthaus Vienna Prestel museum guide Born Ignaz Raspe Rudolf Erich Ferber Johann Jakob 1 January 1777 Travels through the Bannat of Temeswar Transylvania and Hungary in the year 1770 Described in a series of letter to Prof Ferber on the mines and mountains of these different countries London Printed by J Miller for G Kearsley pp 136 a b c in Czech Dvaasedmdesat jmen ceske historie 46 72 Ignac Born Film document by Czech television 2009 website Retrieved 3 October 2009 Born Ignaz Raspe Rudolf Erich Ferber Johann Jakob 1 January 1777 Travels through the Bannat of Temeswar Transylvania and Hungary in the year 1770 Described in a series of letter to Prof Ferber on the mines and mountains of these different countries London Printed by J Miller for G Kearsley pp 137 Fellow Details Royal Society Retrieved 17 January 2017 Nicolai Josephi Jacquin Plantarum Rariorum Horti Caesarei Schoenbrunnensis Descriptiones et Icones Vienna Vol I 1797 Praefatio pp iii v Ernst Moritz Kronfeld Park und Garten von Schonbrunn Wien 1923 S 75 76 Diemer of Watergraafs Meersch Courant Amsterdam 26 July 1782 Also in the Mercure de France 10 Aout 1782 pp 53 4 Leopold Joseph Fitzinger Geschichte des Kaiserlich Koniglichen Hof Naturalien Cabinetes zu Wien Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Classe Band 21 Wien 1856 S 453 454 Robert J King William Bolts and the Austrian Origins of the Laperouse Expedition Terrae Incognitae vol 40 2008 pp 1 28 Born to Banks 8 February 1791 British Library Additional Manuscript 8097 375 6 Josef Haubelt Haenke Born y Banks Ibero Americana Pragensia Vol IV 1970 p 182 Babington William 1799 A New System of Mineralogy in the Form of a Catalogue After the Manner of Baron Born s Systematic Catalogue of the collection of fossils of Mlle Eleonore de Raab W Phillips G C and J Robinson and T Cox Retrieved 25 July 2022 Jan Assmann Jehova Isis The Mysteries of Egypt and the Quest for Natural Religion in the Age of Enlightenment in Irene A Bierman Hrsg Egypt and the Fabrication of European Identity UCLA Near East Center Colloquium Series Los Angeles 1995 S 35 83 Robert Kreil Wiener Freunde 1784 1800 Wien 1883 34 Catalog of Eleonore DeRaab 1741 1793 Highlights from Record Library IIIB PDF The Mineralogical Record Malacolog Version 4 1 1 A Database of Western Atlantic Marine Mollusca Retrieved 5 October 2009 searching for Born Further reading EditDrace Francis Alex 2006 A provincial imperialist and a Curious Account of Wallachia Ignaz von Born European History Quarterly vol 36 2006 pp 61 89 External links Edit Wikispecies has information related to Ignatius Edler von Born https web archive org web 20170925112650 http ignatiusvonborn ro http www ilab org db book1099 22049 html permanent dead link in Czech http tv sms cz televise CT2 20091002 1170029325 Dvaasedmdesat jmen ceske historie 46 72 species described in Index rerum naturalium Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ignaz von Born amp oldid 1130074921, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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