Hugo Gustav Adolf Stoltzenberg (27 April 1883 – 14 January 1974) was a Germanchemist associated with the German government's clandestine chemical warfare activities in the early 1920s.[citation needed]
Stoltzenberg was born on 27 April 1883 in Strengen near Landeck, Tyrol.[3] His father, Karl Theodor Stoltzenberg (1854–1893), was an engineer. Stoltzenberg attended school in Vienna, Leipzig and East Cambridge, and completed his Abitur in 1904 in Frankfurt-on-the-Oder. He studied law, then mathematics, and finally chemistry in Halle from 1905 to 1907. In 1907, he went to Gießen for a year. He returned to Halle and was an assistant to Daniel Vorländer until 1910. In 1911, he became an assistant to Heinrich Biltz in Breslau and met the chemist Margarete Bergius, a sister of Friedrich Bergius, whom he married in 1915.[4]
World War Iedit
Stoltzenberg was the main protagonist at the Second Battle of Ypres (22 April to 25 May 1915) in Belgium where the Germans used poison gas for the first time on the Western Front. The first gas attack occurred against Canadian soldiers and also against a force of mostly colonial soldiers from French Africa known as French colonial troops.[5] The gas used was Chlorine gas. Mustard gas, also called Yperite from the name of this city, was also used for the first time near Ypres in the autumn of 1917.[citation needed]
Prior to that, Stoltzenberg had injured his eye in an incident involving a chlorine gas cylinder which exploded and blinded him in the left eye.[6]
Interwar yearsedit
After the end of World War I, Stoltzenberg participated in clearing away the stockpiles of the chemical warfare agents in Lüneburg Heath in Lower Saxony, Germany between 1920 and 1925. Many of those agents were sold to the U.S. and Sweden while the rest were taken to "Chemische Fabrik Stoltzenberg", his own company in Hamburg.[6]
Stoltzenberg built a close relationship with the Spanish government. He signed a contract to fully assist the establishment of the La Marañosa plant "Fábrica Nacional de Productos Químicos" (National factory of chemical products) which served the Spanish army with chemical warfare agents (including mustard gas bombs) used against the Riffian rebels in Spanish Morocco during the Third Rif War between 1923 and 1927.[7] He later became a Spanish citizen while being the chief engineer of the plant.[6][8]
Other contractsedit
In 1923, he signed his second contract. The Soviets wanted to modernize their chemical arsenal and asked Stoltzenberg to become a chief engineer in replacing the chlorine gas plant at Saratov with a modern mustard gas plant. He quit his collaboration efforts around 1928, heading to work at Ravinica plant in Yugoslavia before working in Brazil between 1937 and 1942.[6]
Upon his return to Germany he sat up a new laboratory producing “timed-release hydrogen cyanide,” which was patented in Great Britain.
Later yearsedit
Stoltzenberg joined the Nazi Party in the middle of World War II. He continued his research at his laboratory in Hamburg before selling it in 1969. He died in 1974.[6]
References and notesedit
^Stoltzenberg, Dietrich (2004). Fritz Haber : chemist, nobel laureate, german, jew. Philadelphia: Chemical Heritage Foundation. ISBN0-941901-24-6.
^"Division of the History of Chemistry". American Chemical Society. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved 2007-04-12.
^Henning Schweer: Die Geschichte der Chemischen Fabrik Stoltzenberg bis zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges. GNT, Diepholz, 2008, S. 15
^Henning Schweer: Die Geschichte der Chemischen Fabrik Stoltzenberg bis zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges. GNT, Diepholz, 2008, S. 15-16.
^M.D. LAW; Meredith Vibart Dixon (1950). Chambers's Encyclopaedia. Oxford University Press - Original from the University of Michigan. p. 334.
^ abcdeGarrett, Benjamin C. (1995). (PDF). The Monitor Volume 1, Number 2. University of Georgia. p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-11-14. Retrieved 2007-04-12.
^Rudibert, Kunz; Rolf-Dieter Müller (1990). Giftgas Gegen Abd El Krim: Deutschland, Spanien und der Gaskrieg in Spanisch-marokko, 1922-1927 (in German). Rombach. ISBN3-7930-0196-2.
hugo, stoltzenberg, hugo, gustav, adolf, stoltzenberg, april, 1883, january, 1974, german, chemist, associated, with, german, government, clandestine, chemical, warfare, activities, early, 1920s, citation, needed, stoltzenberg, close, collaborator, nobel, priz. Hugo Gustav Adolf Stoltzenberg 27 April 1883 14 January 1974 was a German chemist associated with the German government s clandestine chemical warfare activities in the early 1920s citation needed Stoltzenberg was a close collaborator of Nobel Prize laureate Fritz Haber the father of German chemical warfare 1 163 166 They both collaborated in the disposal of chemical warfare materials and the building of manufacturing plants in La Maranosa near Madrid Spain the Soviet Union and Germany 2 Contents 1 Early life 2 World War I 3 Interwar years 4 Involvement in the Rif War 5 Other contracts 6 Later years 7 References and notesEarly life editStoltzenberg was born on 27 April 1883 in Strengen near Landeck Tyrol 3 His father Karl Theodor Stoltzenberg 1854 1893 was an engineer Stoltzenberg attended school in Vienna Leipzig and East Cambridge and completed his Abitur in 1904 in Frankfurt on the Oder He studied law then mathematics and finally chemistry in Halle from 1905 to 1907 In 1907 he went to Giessen for a year He returned to Halle and was an assistant to Daniel Vorlander until 1910 In 1911 he became an assistant to Heinrich Biltz in Breslau and met the chemist Margarete Bergius a sister of Friedrich Bergius whom he married in 1915 4 World War I editStoltzenberg was the main protagonist at the Second Battle of Ypres 22 April to 25 May 1915 in Belgium where the Germans used poison gas for the first time on the Western Front The first gas attack occurred against Canadian soldiers and also against a force of mostly colonial soldiers from French Africa known as French colonial troops 5 The gas used was Chlorine gas Mustard gas also called Yperite from the name of this city was also used for the first time near Ypres in the autumn of 1917 citation needed Prior to that Stoltzenberg had injured his eye in an incident involving a chlorine gas cylinder which exploded and blinded him in the left eye 6 Interwar years editAfter the end of World War I Stoltzenberg participated in clearing away the stockpiles of the chemical warfare agents in Luneburg Heath in Lower Saxony Germany between 1920 and 1925 Many of those agents were sold to the U S and Sweden while the rest were taken to Chemische Fabrik Stoltzenberg his own company in Hamburg 6 Involvement in the Rif War editMain article Chemical weapons in the Rif War Stoltzenberg built a close relationship with the Spanish government He signed a contract to fully assist the establishment of the La Maranosa plant Fabrica Nacional de Productos Quimicos National factory of chemical products which served the Spanish army with chemical warfare agents including mustard gas bombs used against the Riffian rebels in Spanish Morocco during the Third Rif War between 1923 and 1927 7 He later became a Spanish citizen while being the chief engineer of the plant 6 8 Other contracts editIn 1923 he signed his second contract The Soviets wanted to modernize their chemical arsenal and asked Stoltzenberg to become a chief engineer in replacing the chlorine gas plant at Saratov with a modern mustard gas plant He quit his collaboration efforts around 1928 heading to work at Ravinica plant in Yugoslavia before working in Brazil between 1937 and 1942 6 Upon his return to Germany he sat up a new laboratory producing timed release hydrogen cyanide which was patented in Great Britain Later years editStoltzenberg joined the Nazi Party in the middle of World War II He continued his research at his laboratory in Hamburg before selling it in 1969 He died in 1974 6 References and notes edit Stoltzenberg Dietrich 2004 Fritz Haber chemist nobel laureate german jew Philadelphia Chemical Heritage Foundation ISBN 0 941901 24 6 Division of the History of Chemistry American Chemical Society Archived from the original on July 19 2011 Retrieved 2007 04 12 Henning Schweer Die Geschichte der Chemischen Fabrik Stoltzenberg bis zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges GNT Diepholz 2008 S 15 Henning Schweer Die Geschichte der Chemischen Fabrik Stoltzenberg bis zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges GNT Diepholz 2008 S 15 16 M D LAW Meredith Vibart Dixon 1950 Chambers s Encyclopaedia Oxford University Press Original from the University of Michigan p 334 a b c d e Garrett Benjamin C 1995 Hugo Stoltzenberg and Chemical Weapons Proliferation PDF The Monitor Volume 1 Number 2 University of Georgia p 11 Archived from the original PDF on 2013 11 14 Retrieved 2007 04 12 Rudibert Kunz Rolf Dieter Muller 1990 Giftgas Gegen Abd El Krim Deutschland Spanien und der Gaskrieg in Spanisch marokko 1922 1927 in German Rombach ISBN 3 7930 0196 2 Balfour Sebastian 2002 Deadly Embrace Morocco and the road to the Spanish Civil War Oxford University Press p 132 ISBN 0 19 925296 3 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hugo Stoltzenberg amp oldid 1198482515, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
