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Horst-Günther von Fassong

January 01, 1970

Horst-Günther von Fassong (27 April 1919 – 1 January 1945) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator and fighter ace during World War II. Depending on source, he is credited between 63 and 136 aerial victories achieved in an unknown number of combat missions. This figure includes up to 90 aerial victories on the Eastern Front, and potentially further 46 victories over the Western Allies, including up to four four-engined bombers.

Horst-Günther von Fassong
Born(1919-04-27)27 April 1919
Kassel
Died1 January 1945(1945-01-01) (aged 25)
near Maastricht, Netherlands
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service/branchHeer, Luftwaffe
RankHauptmann (captain)
UnitJG 51, JG 11
Commands held10./JG 51, 7./JG 11, III./JG 11
Battles/wars
See battles
AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Born in Kassel, Fassong grew up in the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. A pre-war member of the German Army, he transferred to the Luftwaffe in 1940. Following flight training, he was posted to Jagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing) in 1941. Flying with this wing, Fassong claimed his first aerial victory on 3 July 1941 during Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. He was made Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 10. Staffel (10th squadron) of JG 51 in February 1943. In May 1944, he was transferred and appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 11 (JG 11—11st Fighter Wing) fighting in Defense of the Reich. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 27 July 1944 and killed in action on 1 January 1945 during Operation Bodenplatte.

Career edit

Fassong was born on 27 April 1919 in Kassel, at the time in the Province of Hesse-Nassau, a Free State of Prussia within the Weimar Republic.[1] His military career began with Aufklärungsabteilung 7, a reconnaissance battalion of the 4th Panzer Division. In May 1940, Fassong transferred to the Luftwaffe where he was trained as a fighter pilot.[Note 1] In early 1941, he was posted to 3. Staffel (3rd squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing).[3] At the time, 3. Staffel was commanded by Oberleutnant Heinrich Krafft while I. Gruppe, to which the Staffel was subordinated, was headed by Hauptmann Hermann-Friedrich Joppien.[4] The Gruppe was based on the English Channel, fighting the Royal Air Force (RAF). On 25 May, I. Gruppe was withdrawn from the Channel Front and moved to Krefeld Airfield for preparation for Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union.[5]

Eastern Front edit

JG 51 area of operation during Operation Barbarossa was over the right flank of Army Group Center in the combat area of the 2nd Panzer Group as well as the 4th Army.[6] In support of the Army crossing the Berezina, I. Gruppe was moved to an airfield at Babruysk on 2 July.[7] The following day Fassong claimed his first two aerial victories in the vicinity of Rahachow when he shot down two Polikarpov I-16 fighters.[8][9] German forces breached the Stalin Line and II. Gruppe was moved to an airfield at Stara Bychow, approximately 50 kilometres (31 miles) south of Mogilev on the Dnieper on 12 July where it stayed until 20 August.[10] Fassong was severely injured, sustaining heavy burns, on 28 July when his Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-2 (Werknummer 9650—factory number) burst into flames during takeoff.[3][11]

On 12 February 1943, Fassong was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 10. Staffel of JG 51. The Staffel was subordinated to IV. Gruppe of JG 51, initially commanded by Hauptmann Hans Knauth and as of 1 March, by Major Rudolf Resch.[12] The Gruppe had just completed conversion from the Bf 109 F-2 to the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 A-4 and was based at Smolensk. In that combat area, Army Group Centre had launched Operation Büffel, a series of retreats eliminating the Rzhev salient.[13] On 10 June, during a Soviet attack on the Seshchinskaya and Bryansk Air Field, Fassong claimed three aerial victories in nine minutes.[14]

Operation Citadel edit

On 5 July, German forces launched Operation Citadel in a failed attempt to eliminate the Kursk salient that initiated the Battle of Kursk. In preparation of this operation, IV. Gruppe was ordered to an airfield named Oryol-West and supported Generaloberst Walter Model's 9th Army on the northern pincer. That day, pilots of the Gruppe flew up to five combat missions in the combat area near Maloarkhangelsk. The Gruppe escorted bombers from Kampfgeschwader 4 (KG 4—4th Bomber Wing), KG 51 and KG 53 as well as Junkers Ju 87 dive bombers from Sturzkampfgeschwader 1 (StG 1—1st Dive Bomber Wing).[15] The Gruppe claimed 36 aerial victories that day, including two Lavochkin La-5, an Ilyushin Il-2 ground attack aircraft, and a Douglas A-20 Havoc bomber also known as a Boston, by Fassong.[16] The following day, Fassong for the first time became an "ace-in-a-day", claiming three Il-2 ground attack aircraft, two La-5 fighters and a Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3 fighter.[17]

On 11 July, IV. Gruppe lost its commanding officer, Resch, who was killed in action. He was replaced by Major Hans-Ekkehard Bob who had to be transferred and took command of the Gruppe on 1 August.[18] On 14 August, Fassong again became an "ace-in-a-day", and was credited with five Il-2 ground attack aircraft shot down west of Kharkov during the Soviet Belgorod–Kharkov offensive operation.[19] Fassong was awarded the German Cross in Gold (Deutsches Kreuz in Gold) on 17 October 1943,[3] and after 62 aerial victories was transferred to the Western Front.[9]

Group commander edit

In early May 1944, Fassong was transferred to III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 11 (JG 11—11th Fighter Wing), initially serving as Staffelkapitän of 7. Staffel after his predecessor had been killed in action. The Gruppe was based at Oldenburg Airfield and was fighting in Defence of the Reich.[20] On 8 May, the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) attacked Berlin and Braunschweig with 807 four-engined heavy bombers escorted by 855 fighter aircraft.[21] JG 11 intercepted the bombers of the 1st and 3rd Bombardment Division on its way to Berlin in the vicinity of Verden an der Aller. In the resulting aerial combat, Fassong shot down a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bomber.[22] Four days later on 12 May, the Eighth Army Air Force targeted the German fuel industry.[23] In total 886 four-engined bombers, escorted by 980 fighter aircraft, headed for the five main synthetic fuel factories in middle Germany in area of Leuna, Merseburg, Böhlen and Zeitz, and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and Brüx.[24] Defending against this attack, Fassong claimed a B-17 bomber shot down in a frontal attack on the bombers near Wiesbaden.[25]

On 13 May, III. Gruppe moved from Oldenburg to Reinsehlen Airfield near Schneverdingen.[26] On 22 May, 342 four-engined bombers 1st and 3rd Bombardment Division attacked Kiel.[27] JG 11 fighters intercepted the USAAF bombers west of Neumünster. In this encounter Fassong claimed a B-17 bomber destroyed.[28] In late May, Fassong succeeded Major Anton Hackl as Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of III. Gruppe of JG 11.[29][30] On 6 June, the Allies launched Operation Overlord, the successful invasion of German-occupied Western Europe, on 6 June. To defend against this invasion, the Luftwaffe relocated many of its fighter and bomber units to France. III. Gruppe was one of the few units not sent to France but at the time remained in Reinsehlen. In early June, the Gruppe was augmented by 2. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) led by Oberleutnant Paul-Heinrich Dähne. The Staffel then was redesignated and became the 12. Staffel of JG 11 and was subordinated to Fassong's command.[31] When on 22 June Soviet forces launched Operation Bagration, III. Gruppe was ordered to relocate to the Eastern Front where it was to be deployed in the combat area of Minsk and fought in the Minsk Offensive.[32][33] On 27 July, Fassong was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes).[34]

The Gruppe flew its last combat missions on the Eastern Front on 1 September.[35] During its ten-week tenure in the east, III. Gruppe pilots claimed approximately 125 aerial victories, including nine by Fassong,[36] for the loss of twelve pilots killed or missing and further eleven injured or wounded in combat.[37] The Gruppe then moved to an airfield at Riesa-Leutewitz for a brief period of rest and replenishment.[38] On 17 September 1944 Allied forces launched Operation Market Garden, the operation to cross the Rhine at Arnhem.[39] The following day, III. Gruppe was ordered to Achmer Airfiled to support the German defense.[40]

Operation Bodenplatte and death edit

In preparation for Operation Bodenplatte, III. Gruppe was moved to an airfield at Großostheim, near Aschaffenburg on 17 December 1944. Fassong had learned of the planned operation on 5 December at a meeting held at the headquarters of the II. Jagdkorps (2nd Fighter Corps) commanded by Generalmajor Dietrich Peltz, on 5 December.[41] Fassong informed his Staffelkapitäne of the upcoming operation on 15 December without going into the specifics of the target and date.[42] At 06:30 on 1 January, Fassong briefed his pilots of the operation and that their target would be the Asch Airfield (Designated: Y-29) located north-west of Maastricht.[43] At 08:18, Fassong led a flight of 31 Fw 190 A-8 fighter aircraft to Frankfurt where they were joined by other Luftwaffe fighters.[44][45]

Fassong was last seen in aerial combat near Maastricht. Unteroffizier Armin Mehling, Fassong's wingman, reported that Fassong was shot down by two P-47 Thunderbolts over Asch flying a Fw 190 A-8 (Werknummer 682 792—factory number).[1] The flight was flying at a height of 15 to 20 meters (49 to 66 feet) when they were pounced upon by six P-47s. Fassong's aircraft was hit and burned immediately. The aircraft crashed in a big ball of flames near Opglabbeek.[46] Following his death, command of III. Gruppe was given to Oberleutnant Paul-Heinrich Dähne.[30]

Summary of career edit

Aerial victory claims edit

According to Spick, Fassong was credited with 136 aerial victories, 90 of which claimed over the Eastern Front and 46 in the western theater of operations, including four heavy bombers.[47] Obermaier lists him with 75, potentially about 80, aerial victories, among them 10 claimed over the Western Front, including four heavy bombers.[1] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 63 aerial victory claims. This figure includes 61 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and two heavy bombers over the Western Allies.[48]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 35 Ost 46443". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[49]

Chronicle of aerial victories
  This and the ♠ (Ace of spades) indicates those aerial victories which made Fassong an "ace-in-a-day", a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day.
  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location
– 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 –[50]
Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 28 July 1941
1 3 July 1941 10:30 I-16 southeast of Rahachow[8] 2 3 July 1941 10:35 I-16 30 km (19 mi) southeast of Rahachow[8]
– 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders" –[50]
Eastern Front — 1 May 1942 – 3 February 1943
3 3 May 1942 09:25 MiG-3[51] 4 13 July 1942 08:06 MiG-3[52]
According to Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock, Fassong claimed one undocumented aerial victory between 30 May and 15 September 1942.[53] This claim is not documented by Mathews and Foreman.[50]
– 10. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 "Mölders" –[54]
Eastern Front — 12 February 1943 – April 1944
6 8 March 1943 09:27 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 46443[55]
20 km (12 mi) east-southeast of Dugino 		35 5 August 1943 07:39 Boston east of Trifonovka[56]
7 9 May 1943 07:55 P-39 PQ 35 Ost 63581[57]
20 km (12 mi) southwest of Maloarkhangelsk 		36♠ 14 August 1943 18:15 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] south of Rakitnoye[56]
8 2 June 1943 03:56 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 63774[57]
15 km (9.3 mi) east-southeast of Fatezh 		37♠ 14 August 1943 18:16 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] east of Bodowka[56]
9 2 June 1943 10:30 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 62322[57]
vicinity of Kursk 		38♠ 14 August 1943 18:17 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] southeast of Belunow-Gorb[56]
10 10 June 1943 19:11 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 34281[57]
25 km (16 mi) east-northeast of Seshchinskaya 		39♠ 14 August 1943 18:21 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] south of Burinovka[56]
11 10 June 1943 19:16 Pe-2 PQ 35 Ost 34232[57]
25 km (16 mi) southeast of Kirov 		40♠ 14 August 1943 18:24 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] north of Dobropolye[56]
12 10 June 1943 19:20 Pe-2 PQ 35 Ost 35833[58]
20 km (12 mi) southwest of Utrikowo 		41 18 August 1943 06:14 Yak-1 south of Krassnoye-Yar[59]
13 5 July 1943 10:06 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 63564[58]
10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Maloarkhangelsk 		42 18 August 1943 17:42 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] south of Jelisawetinski[59]
14 5 July 1943 10:22 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 63653[58]
15 km (9.3 mi) east-southeast of Maloarkhangelsk 		43 18 August 1943 17:54 Boston southeast of Dmitriyevka[59]
15 5 July 1943 12:35 Il-2 PQ 35 Ost 63573[58]
20 km (12 mi) south-southeast of Trosna 		44 22 August 1943 17:38 Pe-2 south of Bolgar[59]
16 5 July 1943 13:24 Boston PQ 35 Ost 63653[58]
15 km (9.3 mi) east-southeast of Maloarkhangelsk 		45 27 October 1943 07:34 Yak-1 north of Krivoj-Rog[60]
17♠ 6 July 1943 04:24 Il-2 m.H. PQ 35 Ost 63572[58]
20 km (12 mi) south-southeast of Trosna 		46 29 October 1943 06:03 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] northeast of Pokrowskoje[61]
18♠ 6 July 1943 04:28 Il-2 m.H. PQ 35 Ost 63544[58]
10 km (6.2 mi) south-southeast of Trosna 		47 29 October 1943 06:05 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] southeast of Mitrofanowka[61]
19♠ 6 July 1943 04:32 Il-2 m.H. PQ 35 Ost 63553[58]
15 km (9.3 mi) west of Maloarkhangelsk 		48 29 October 1943 06:06 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] south-southwest of Nova Praha[61]
20♠ 6 July 1943 10:55 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 63652[62]
15 km (9.3 mi) east-southeast of Maloarkhangelsk 		49 29 October 1943 06:08 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] southeast of Nova Praha[61]
21♠ 6 July 1943 11:09 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 63712[62]
10 km (6.2 mi) east of Fatezh 		50 13 November 1943 10:35 Yak-1 1 km (0.62 mi) north of Petronowo[61]
22♠[Note 3] 6 July 1943 11:37 La-5 PQ 35 Ost 63363[62] 51 27 November 1943 09:15 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] 1 km (0.62 mi) northeast of Kapustjana[61]
23 9 July 1943 08:31 MiG-3 PQ 35 Ost 63591[62]
15 km (9.3 mi) south-southwest of Maloarkhangelsk 		52 29 November 1943 12:02 Il-2 2 km (1.2 mi) south-east of Annowojewka[61]
24 9 July 1943 08:36 Il-2 m.H. PQ 35 Ost 63594[62]
15 km (9.3 mi) south-southwest of Maloarkhangelsk 		53 29 November 1943 12:04 Il-2 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Dnjeprowka[61]
25 13 July 1943 07:16 Il-2 m.H. PQ 35 Ost 74773[63]
20 km (12 mi) south-southwest of Verkhovye 		54 11 January 1944 14:42 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] 20 km (12 mi) south-southwest of Koziatyn
26 13 July 1943 07:19 Il-2 m.H. PQ 35 Ost 74772[63]
20 km (12 mi) south-southwest of Verkhovye 		55 11 January 1944 14:45 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] 10 km (6.2 mi) southwest of Koziatyn
27 13 July 1943 07:53 Il-2 m.H. PQ 35 Ost 64813[63]
10 km (6.2 mi) south of Mtsensk 		56 11 January 1944 14:46 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] 25 km (16 mi) south-southwest of Koziatyn
28 17 July 1943 12:01 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 63634[63]
25 km (16 mi) east-northeast of Maloarkhangelsk 		57 15 January 1944 14:33 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] 40 km (25 mi) east-northeast of Vinnytsia
29 17 July 1943 12:03 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 63631[63]
25 km (16 mi) east-northeast of Maloarkhangelsk 		58 15 January 1944 14:35 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] 45 km (28 mi) south-southeast of Koziatyn
30 22 March 1943 19:55 Il-2 m.H. PQ 35 Ost 44818[63]
15 km (9.3 mi) east-southeast of Bryansk 		59 24 January 1944 14:00 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] 40 km (25 mi) southeast of Koziatyn
31 22 July 1943 19:58 Il-2 m.H. PQ 35 Ost 44831[63]
15 km (9.3 mi) northwest of Karachev 		60 25 January 1944 11:15 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] 30 km (19 mi) east-northeast of Vinnytsia
32 2 August 1943 12:05 LaGG-3 PQ 35 Ost 53623[56]
15 km (9.3 mi) west of Trosna 		61 25 January 1944 11:18 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] 40 km (25 mi) south-southeast of Koziatyn
33 3 August 1943 17:55?[Note 4] Il-2 m.H. PQ 35 Ost 54552[56] 62 25 January 1944 11:20 Il-2 m.H.[Note 2] 25 km (16 mi) south-southeast of Koziatyn
34 5 August 1943 07:36 Boston south of Jassenok[56]
– 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 11 –[64]
Defense of the Reich — April – May 1944
63 8 May 1944 09:46 B-17 PQ 05 Ost S/ES/FS, southwest of Verden[65] 65?[Note 3] 22 May 1944
—
 B-17[66]
64 12 May 1944 12:26 B-17 PQ 05 Ost S/QQ/QR, vicinity of Wiesbaden[65] 66?[Note 3] 28 May 1944
—
 B-17[67]
– Stab III. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 11 –[64]
Eastern Front — June – September 1944
According to Prien and Rodeike, Fassong claimed nine undocumented aerial victories between June and September 1944.[68] Only one of these claims is documented by Mathews and Foreman.[64]
73 22 July 1944 15:19 R-5 PQ 25 Ost N/32591[69]

Awards edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1, A2 and B1, B2, referred to as A/B flight training. A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics, navigation, long-distance flights and dead-stick landings. The B courses included high-altitude flights, instrument flights, night landings and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations.[2]
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t The "m.H." refers to an Ilyushin Il-2 with rear gunner (mit Heckschütze).
  3. ^ a b c This claim is not listed by Mathews and Foreman.[54]
  4. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 17:53.[50]

References edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ a b c Obermaier 1989, p. 109.
  2. ^ Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, p. 17.
  3. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 300.
  4. ^ Aders & Held 1993, pp. 247–248.
  5. ^ Prien et al. 2002, p. 26.
  6. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 206.
  7. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 227.
  8. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2003, p. 250.
  9. ^ a b Weal 2007, p. 78.
  10. ^ Prien et al. 2003, pp. 227, 232.
  11. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 259.
  12. ^ Aders & Held 1993, pp. 134, 251.
  13. ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 96–97.
  14. ^ Degtev & Zubov 2021, p. 151.
  15. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 117.
  16. ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 117, 149.
  17. ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 149–150.
  18. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 143.
  19. ^ Prien et al. 2012, pp. 126, 152.
  20. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1996a, p. 910.
  21. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1996a, p. 914.
  22. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1996a, p. 919.
  23. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1996a, p. 927.
  24. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1996a, p. 930.
  25. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1996a, pp. 936, 1208.
  26. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1996a, p. 943.
  27. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1996a, p. 956.
  28. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1996a, p. 958.
  29. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1996a, p. 990.
  30. ^ a b Prien & Rodeike 1996b, p. 1617.
  31. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1996b, p. 1230.
  32. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1996b, p. 1231.
  33. ^ Barbas 2006, p. 251.
  34. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1996b, p. 1243.
  35. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1996b, p. 1244.
  36. ^ Weal 2007, p. 79.
  37. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1996b, p. 1245.
  38. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1996b, p. 1254.
  39. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1996b, p. 1263.
  40. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1996b, p. 1264.
  41. ^ Manrho & Pütz 2010, p. 230.
  42. ^ Manrho & Pütz 2010, pp. 231–232.
  43. ^ Manrho & Pütz 2010, p. 234.
  44. ^ Manrho & Pütz 2010, p. 235.
  45. ^ Franks 1994, p. 146.
  46. ^ Manrho & Pütz 2010, p. 269.
  47. ^ Spick 1996, p. 230.
  48. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 300–302.
  49. ^ Planquadrat.
  50. ^ a b c d Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 301.
  51. ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 269.
  52. ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 270.
  53. ^ Prien et al. 2006, p. 273.
  54. ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 301–302.
  55. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 147.
  56. ^ a b c d e f g h i Prien et al. 2012, p. 152.
  57. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2012, p. 148.
  58. ^ a b c d e f g h Prien et al. 2012, p. 149.
  59. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2012, p. 153.
  60. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 155.
  61. ^ a b c d e f g h Prien et al. 2012, p. 156.
  62. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2012, p. 150.
  63. ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2012, p. 151.
  64. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 302.
  65. ^ a b Prien & Rodeike 1996a, p. 1208.
  66. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1996a, p. 1209.
  67. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1996a, p. 1210.
  68. ^ Prien & Rodeike 1996b, p. 1651.
  69. ^ Prien et al. 2022, p. 208.
  70. ^ Dixon 2023, p. 136.
  71. ^ Patzwall 2008, p. 75.
  72. ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 109.
  73. ^ Fellgiebel 2000.
  74. ^ Scherzer 2007, p. 302.

Bibliography edit

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  • Barbas, Bernd (2006). Die Geschichte der I. Gruppe des Jagdgeschwaders 52 [The History of 1st Group of Fighter Wing 52] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-92-345779-3.
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  • Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]; Antipov, Vlad; Sundin, Claes (2003). Graf & Grislawski – A Pair of Aces. Hamilton MT: Eagle Editions. ISBN 978-0-9721060-4-7.
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  • Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2014). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 1 A–F. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-18-9.
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  • Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
  • Patzwall, Klaus D. (2008). Der Ehrenpokal für besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg [The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-08-3.
  • Prien, Jochen; Rodeike, Peter (1996a). Jagdgeschwader 1 und 11—Einsatz in der Reichsverteidigung von 1939 bis 1945—Teil 2—1944 [Jagdgeschwader 1 and 11—Operations in the Defense of the Reich from 1939 to 1945—Volume 2—1944] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-24-3.
  • Prien, Jochen; Rodeike, Peter (1996b). Jagdgeschwader 1 und 11—Einsatz in der Reichsverteidigung von 1939 bis 1945: Teil 3, 1944–1945 [Jagdgeschwader 1 and 11—Operations in the Defense of the Reich from 1939 to 1945] (in German). Vol. III 1944–1945. Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-25-0.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2002). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 4/II—Einsatz am Kanal und über England—26.6.1940 bis 21.6.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 4/II—Action at the Channel and over England—26 June 1940 to 21 June 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-64-9.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 6/I—Unternehmen "BARBAROSSA"—Einsatz im Osten—22.6. bis 5.12.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 6/I—Operation "BARBAROSSA"—Action in the East—22 June to 5 December 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-69-4.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2006). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/II—Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad—1.5.1942 bis 3.2.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/II—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-77-9.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/II—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/II—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-05-5.
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  • Spick, Mike (1996). Luftwaffe Fighter Aces: The Jadgflieger and their Combat Tactics and Techniques. New York: Ivy Books. ISBN 978-0-8041-1696-1.
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January 01, 1970
horst, günther, fassong, april, 1919, january, 1945, german, luftwaffe, military, aviator, fighter, during, world, depending, source, credited, between, aerial, victories, achieved, unknown, number, combat, missions, this, figure, includes, aerial, victories, . Horst Gunther von Fassong 27 April 1919 1 January 1945 was a German Luftwaffe military aviator and fighter ace during World War II Depending on source he is credited between 63 and 136 aerial victories achieved in an unknown number of combat missions This figure includes up to 90 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and potentially further 46 victories over the Western Allies including up to four four engined bombers Horst Gunther von FassongBorn 1919 04 27 27 April 1919KasselDied1 January 1945 1945 01 01 aged 25 near Maastricht NetherlandsAllegiance Nazi GermanyService wbr branchHeer LuftwaffeRankHauptmann captain UnitJG 51 JG 11Commands held10 JG 51 7 JG 11 III JG 11Battles warsSee battlesWorld War II Eastern FrontBattle of Kursk dd Defense of the ReichOperation Bodenplatte dd AwardsKnight s Cross of the Iron Cross Born in Kassel Fassong grew up in the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany A pre war member of the German Army he transferred to the Luftwaffe in 1940 Following flight training he was posted to Jagdgeschwader 51 JG 51 51st Fighter Wing in 1941 Flying with this wing Fassong claimed his first aerial victory on 3 July 1941 during Operation Barbarossa the German invasion of the Soviet Union He was made Staffelkapitan squadron leader of 10 Staffel 10th squadron of JG 51 in February 1943 In May 1944 he was transferred and appointed Gruppenkommandeur group commander of III Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 11 JG 11 11st Fighter Wing fighting in Defense of the Reich He was awarded the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross on 27 July 1944 and killed in action on 1 January 1945 during Operation Bodenplatte Contents 1 Career 1 1 Eastern Front 1 2 Operation Citadel 1 3 Group commander 1 4 Operation Bodenplatte and death 2 Summary of career 2 1 Aerial victory claims 2 2 Awards 3 Notes 4 References 4 1 Citations 4 2 BibliographyCareer editFassong was born on 27 April 1919 in Kassel at the time in the Province of Hesse Nassau a Free State of Prussia within the Weimar Republic 1 His military career began with Aufklarungsabteilung 7 a reconnaissance battalion of the 4th Panzer Division In May 1940 Fassong transferred to the Luftwaffe where he was trained as a fighter pilot Note 1 In early 1941 he was posted to 3 Staffel 3rd squadron of Jagdgeschwader 51 JG 51 51st Fighter Wing 3 At the time 3 Staffel was commanded by Oberleutnant Heinrich Krafft while I Gruppe to which the Staffel was subordinated was headed by Hauptmann Hermann Friedrich Joppien 4 The Gruppe was based on the English Channel fighting the Royal Air Force RAF On 25 May I Gruppe was withdrawn from the Channel Front and moved to Krefeld Airfield for preparation for Operation Barbarossa the German invasion of the Soviet Union 5 Eastern Front edit JG 51 area of operation during Operation Barbarossa was over the right flank of Army Group Center in the combat area of the 2nd Panzer Group as well as the 4th Army 6 In support of the Army crossing the Berezina I Gruppe was moved to an airfield at Babruysk on 2 July 7 The following day Fassong claimed his first two aerial victories in the vicinity of Rahachow when he shot down two Polikarpov I 16 fighters 8 9 German forces breached the Stalin Line and II Gruppe was moved to an airfield at Stara Bychow approximately 50 kilometres 31 miles south of Mogilev on the Dnieper on 12 July where it stayed until 20 August 10 Fassong was severely injured sustaining heavy burns on 28 July when his Messerschmitt Bf 109 F 2 Werknummer 9650 factory number burst into flames during takeoff 3 11 On 12 February 1943 Fassong was appointed Staffelkapitan squadron leader of 10 Staffel of JG 51 The Staffel was subordinated to IV Gruppe of JG 51 initially commanded by Hauptmann Hans Knauth and as of 1 March by Major Rudolf Resch 12 The Gruppe had just completed conversion from the Bf 109 F 2 to the Focke Wulf Fw 190 A 4 and was based at Smolensk In that combat area Army Group Centre had launched Operation Buffel a series of retreats eliminating the Rzhev salient 13 On 10 June during a Soviet attack on the Seshchinskaya and Bryansk Air Field Fassong claimed three aerial victories in nine minutes 14 Operation Citadel edit On 5 July German forces launched Operation Citadel in a failed attempt to eliminate the Kursk salient that initiated the Battle of Kursk In preparation of this operation IV Gruppe was ordered to an airfield named Oryol West and supported Generaloberst Walter Model s 9th Army on the northern pincer That day pilots of the Gruppe flew up to five combat missions in the combat area near Maloarkhangelsk The Gruppe escorted bombers from Kampfgeschwader 4 KG 4 4th Bomber Wing KG 51 and KG 53 as well as Junkers Ju 87 dive bombers from Sturzkampfgeschwader 1 StG 1 1st Dive Bomber Wing 15 The Gruppe claimed 36 aerial victories that day including two Lavochkin La 5 an Ilyushin Il 2 ground attack aircraft and a Douglas A 20 Havoc bomber also known as a Boston by Fassong 16 The following day Fassong for the first time became an ace in a day claiming three Il 2 ground attack aircraft two La 5 fighters and a Lavochkin Gorbunov Gudkov LaGG 3 fighter 17 On 11 July IV Gruppe lost its commanding officer Resch who was killed in action He was replaced by Major Hans Ekkehard Bob who had to be transferred and took command of the Gruppe on 1 August 18 On 14 August Fassong again became an ace in a day and was credited with five Il 2 ground attack aircraft shot down west of Kharkov during the Soviet Belgorod Kharkov offensive operation 19 Fassong was awarded the German Cross in Gold Deutsches Kreuz in Gold on 17 October 1943 3 and after 62 aerial victories was transferred to the Western Front 9 Group commander edit In early May 1944 Fassong was transferred to III Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 11 JG 11 11th Fighter Wing initially serving as Staffelkapitan of 7 Staffel after his predecessor had been killed in action The Gruppe was based at Oldenburg Airfield and was fighting in Defence of the Reich 20 On 8 May the United States Army Air Forces USAAF attacked Berlin and Braunschweig with 807 four engined heavy bombers escorted by 855 fighter aircraft 21 JG 11 intercepted the bombers of the 1st and 3rd Bombardment Division on its way to Berlin in the vicinity of Verden an der Aller In the resulting aerial combat Fassong shot down a Boeing B 17 Flying Fortress bomber 22 Four days later on 12 May the Eighth Army Air Force targeted the German fuel industry 23 In total 886 four engined bombers escorted by 980 fighter aircraft headed for the five main synthetic fuel factories in middle Germany in area of Leuna Merseburg Bohlen and Zeitz and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia and Brux 24 Defending against this attack Fassong claimed a B 17 bomber shot down in a frontal attack on the bombers near Wiesbaden 25 On 13 May III Gruppe moved from Oldenburg to Reinsehlen Airfield near Schneverdingen 26 On 22 May 342 four engined bombers 1st and 3rd Bombardment Division attacked Kiel 27 JG 11 fighters intercepted the USAAF bombers west of Neumunster In this encounter Fassong claimed a B 17 bomber destroyed 28 In late May Fassong succeeded Major Anton Hackl as Gruppenkommandeur group commander of III Gruppe of JG 11 29 30 On 6 June the Allies launched Operation Overlord the successful invasion of German occupied Western Europe on 6 June To defend against this invasion the Luftwaffe relocated many of its fighter and bomber units to France III Gruppe was one of the few units not sent to France but at the time remained in Reinsehlen In early June the Gruppe was augmented by 2 Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 52 JG 52 52nd Fighter Wing led by Oberleutnant Paul Heinrich Dahne The Staffel then was redesignated and became the 12 Staffel of JG 11 and was subordinated to Fassong s command 31 When on 22 June Soviet forces launched Operation Bagration III Gruppe was ordered to relocate to the Eastern Front where it was to be deployed in the combat area of Minsk and fought in the Minsk Offensive 32 33 On 27 July Fassong was awarded the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes 34 The Gruppe flew its last combat missions on the Eastern Front on 1 September 35 During its ten week tenure in the east III Gruppe pilots claimed approximately 125 aerial victories including nine by Fassong 36 for the loss of twelve pilots killed or missing and further eleven injured or wounded in combat 37 The Gruppe then moved to an airfield at Riesa Leutewitz for a brief period of rest and replenishment 38 On 17 September 1944 Allied forces launched Operation Market Garden the operation to cross the Rhine at Arnhem 39 The following day III Gruppe was ordered to Achmer Airfiled to support the German defense 40 Operation Bodenplatte and death edit In preparation for Operation Bodenplatte III Gruppe was moved to an airfield at Grossostheim near Aschaffenburg on 17 December 1944 Fassong had learned of the planned operation on 5 December at a meeting held at the headquarters of the II Jagdkorps 2nd Fighter Corps commanded by Generalmajor Dietrich Peltz on 5 December 41 Fassong informed his Staffelkapitane of the upcoming operation on 15 December without going into the specifics of the target and date 42 At 06 30 on 1 January Fassong briefed his pilots of the operation and that their target would be the Asch Airfield Designated Y 29 located north west of Maastricht 43 At 08 18 Fassong led a flight of 31 Fw 190 A 8 fighter aircraft to Frankfurt where they were joined by other Luftwaffe fighters 44 45 Fassong was last seen in aerial combat near Maastricht Unteroffizier Armin Mehling Fassong s wingman reported that Fassong was shot down by two P 47 Thunderbolts over Asch flying a Fw 190 A 8 Werknummer 682 792 factory number 1 The flight was flying at a height of 15 to 20 meters 49 to 66 feet when they were pounced upon by six P 47s Fassong s aircraft was hit and burned immediately The aircraft crashed in a big ball of flames near Opglabbeek 46 Following his death command of III Gruppe was given to Oberleutnant Paul Heinrich Dahne 30 Summary of career editAerial victory claims edit According to Spick Fassong was credited with 136 aerial victories 90 of which claimed over the Eastern Front and 46 in the western theater of operations including four heavy bombers 47 Obermaier lists him with 75 potentially about 80 aerial victories among them 10 claimed over the Western Front including four heavy bombers 1 Mathews and Foreman authors of Luftwaffe Aces Biographies and Victory Claims researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 63 aerial victory claims This figure includes 61 aerial victories on the Eastern Front and two heavy bombers over the Western Allies 48 Victory claims were logged to a map reference PQ Planquadrat for example PQ 35 Ost 46443 The Luftwaffe grid map Jagermeldenetz covered all of Europe western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude an area of about 360 square miles 930 km2 These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km 4 km 1 9 mi 2 5 mi in size 49 Chronicle of aerial victories This and the Ace of spades indicates those aerial victories which made Fassong an ace in a day a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day This and the question mark indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien Stemmer Rodeike Bock Mathews and Foreman Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location 3 Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 50 Operation Barbarossa 22 June 28 July 1941 1 3 July 1941 10 30 I 16 southeast of Rahachow 8 2 3 July 1941 10 35 I 16 30 km 19 mi southeast of Rahachow 8 3 Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 Molders 50 Eastern Front 1 May 1942 3 February 1943 3 3 May 1942 09 25 MiG 3 51 4 13 July 1942 08 06 MiG 3 52 According to Prien Stemmer Rodeike and Bock Fassong claimed one undocumented aerial victory between 30 May and 15 September 1942 53 This claim is not documented by Mathews and Foreman 50 10 Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 Molders 54 Eastern Front 12 February 1943 April 1944 6 8 March 1943 09 27 Il 2 PQ 35 Ost 46443 55 20 km 12 mi east southeast of Dugino 35 5 August 1943 07 39 Boston east of Trifonovka 56 7 9 May 1943 07 55 P 39 PQ 35 Ost 63581 57 20 km 12 mi southwest of Maloarkhangelsk 36 14 August 1943 18 15 Il 2 m H Note 2 south of Rakitnoye 56 8 2 June 1943 03 56 La 5 PQ 35 Ost 63774 57 15 km 9 3 mi east southeast of Fatezh 37 14 August 1943 18 16 Il 2 m H Note 2 east of Bodowka 56 9 2 June 1943 10 30 LaGG 3 PQ 35 Ost 62322 57 vicinity of Kursk 38 14 August 1943 18 17 Il 2 m H Note 2 southeast of Belunow Gorb 56 10 10 June 1943 19 11 La 5 PQ 35 Ost 34281 57 25 km 16 mi east northeast of Seshchinskaya 39 14 August 1943 18 21 Il 2 m H Note 2 south of Burinovka 56 11 10 June 1943 19 16 Pe 2 PQ 35 Ost 34232 57 25 km 16 mi southeast of Kirov 40 14 August 1943 18 24 Il 2 m H Note 2 north of Dobropolye 56 12 10 June 1943 19 20 Pe 2 PQ 35 Ost 35833 58 20 km 12 mi southwest of Utrikowo 41 18 August 1943 06 14 Yak 1 south of Krassnoye Yar 59 13 5 July 1943 10 06 La 5 PQ 35 Ost 63564 58 10 km 6 2 mi southwest of Maloarkhangelsk 42 18 August 1943 17 42 Il 2 m H Note 2 south of Jelisawetinski 59 14 5 July 1943 10 22 La 5 PQ 35 Ost 63653 58 15 km 9 3 mi east southeast of Maloarkhangelsk 43 18 August 1943 17 54 Boston southeast of Dmitriyevka 59 15 5 July 1943 12 35 Il 2 PQ 35 Ost 63573 58 20 km 12 mi south southeast of Trosna 44 22 August 1943 17 38 Pe 2 south of Bolgar 59 16 5 July 1943 13 24 Boston PQ 35 Ost 63653 58 15 km 9 3 mi east southeast of Maloarkhangelsk 45 27 October 1943 07 34 Yak 1 north of Krivoj Rog 60 17 6 July 1943 04 24 Il 2 m H PQ 35 Ost 63572 58 20 km 12 mi south southeast of Trosna 46 29 October 1943 06 03 Il 2 m H Note 2 northeast of Pokrowskoje 61 18 6 July 1943 04 28 Il 2 m H PQ 35 Ost 63544 58 10 km 6 2 mi south southeast of Trosna 47 29 October 1943 06 05 Il 2 m H Note 2 southeast of Mitrofanowka 61 19 6 July 1943 04 32 Il 2 m H PQ 35 Ost 63553 58 15 km 9 3 mi west of Maloarkhangelsk 48 29 October 1943 06 06 Il 2 m H Note 2 south southwest of Nova Praha 61 20 6 July 1943 10 55 LaGG 3 PQ 35 Ost 63652 62 15 km 9 3 mi east southeast of Maloarkhangelsk 49 29 October 1943 06 08 Il 2 m H Note 2 southeast of Nova Praha 61 21 6 July 1943 11 09 La 5 PQ 35 Ost 63712 62 10 km 6 2 mi east of Fatezh 50 13 November 1943 10 35 Yak 1 1 km 0 62 mi north of Petronowo 61 22 Note 3 6 July 1943 11 37 La 5 PQ 35 Ost 63363 62 51 27 November 1943 09 15 Il 2 m H Note 2 1 km 0 62 mi northeast of Kapustjana 61 23 9 July 1943 08 31 MiG 3 PQ 35 Ost 63591 62 15 km 9 3 mi south southwest of Maloarkhangelsk 52 29 November 1943 12 02 Il 2 2 km 1 2 mi south east of Annowojewka 61 24 9 July 1943 08 36 Il 2 m H PQ 35 Ost 63594 62 15 km 9 3 mi south southwest of Maloarkhangelsk 53 29 November 1943 12 04 Il 2 10 km 6 2 mi south of Dnjeprowka 61 25 13 July 1943 07 16 Il 2 m H PQ 35 Ost 74773 63 20 km 12 mi south southwest of Verkhovye 54 11 January 1944 14 42 Il 2 m H Note 2 20 km 12 mi south southwest of Koziatyn 26 13 July 1943 07 19 Il 2 m H PQ 35 Ost 74772 63 20 km 12 mi south southwest of Verkhovye 55 11 January 1944 14 45 Il 2 m H Note 2 10 km 6 2 mi southwest of Koziatyn 27 13 July 1943 07 53 Il 2 m H PQ 35 Ost 64813 63 10 km 6 2 mi south of Mtsensk 56 11 January 1944 14 46 Il 2 m H Note 2 25 km 16 mi south southwest of Koziatyn 28 17 July 1943 12 01 LaGG 3 PQ 35 Ost 63634 63 25 km 16 mi east northeast of Maloarkhangelsk 57 15 January 1944 14 33 Il 2 m H Note 2 40 km 25 mi east northeast of Vinnytsia 29 17 July 1943 12 03 LaGG 3 PQ 35 Ost 63631 63 25 km 16 mi east northeast of Maloarkhangelsk 58 15 January 1944 14 35 Il 2 m H Note 2 45 km 28 mi south southeast of Koziatyn 30 22 March 1943 19 55 Il 2 m H PQ 35 Ost 44818 63 15 km 9 3 mi east southeast of Bryansk 59 24 January 1944 14 00 Il 2 m H Note 2 40 km 25 mi southeast of Koziatyn 31 22 July 1943 19 58 Il 2 m H PQ 35 Ost 44831 63 15 km 9 3 mi northwest of Karachev 60 25 January 1944 11 15 Il 2 m H Note 2 30 km 19 mi east northeast of Vinnytsia 32 2 August 1943 12 05 LaGG 3 PQ 35 Ost 53623 56 15 km 9 3 mi west of Trosna 61 25 January 1944 11 18 Il 2 m H Note 2 40 km 25 mi south southeast of Koziatyn 33 3 August 1943 17 55 Note 4 Il 2 m H PQ 35 Ost 54552 56 62 25 January 1944 11 20 Il 2 m H Note 2 25 km 16 mi south southeast of Koziatyn 34 5 August 1943 07 36 Boston south of Jassenok 56 7 Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 11 64 Defense of the Reich April May 1944 63 8 May 1944 09 46 B 17 PQ 05 Ost S ES FS southwest of Verden 65 65 Note 3 22 May 1944 B 17 66 64 12 May 1944 12 26 B 17 PQ 05 Ost S QQ QR vicinity of Wiesbaden 65 66 Note 3 28 May 1944 B 17 67 Stab III Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 11 64 Eastern Front June September 1944 According to Prien and Rodeike Fassong claimed nine undocumented aerial victories between June and September 1944 68 Only one of these claims is documented by Mathews and Foreman 64 73 22 July 1944 15 19 R 5 PQ 25 Ost N 32591 69 Awards edit Iron Cross 1939 2nd and 1st Class 70 Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 20 September 1943 as Oberleutnant and pilot 71 German Cross in Gold on 17 October 1943 as Oberleutnant in the 10 Jagdgeschwader 51 72 Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross on 27 July 1944 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of the III Jagdgeschwader 11 73 74 Notes edit Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1 A2 and B1 B2 referred to as A B flight training A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics navigation long distance flights and dead stick landings The B courses included high altitude flights instrument flights night landings and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations 2 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t The m H refers to an Ilyushin Il 2 with rear gunner mit Heckschutze a b c This claim is not listed by Mathews and Foreman 54 According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 17 53 50 References editCitations edit a b c Obermaier 1989 p 109 Bergstrom Antipov amp Sundin 2003 p 17 a b c Mathews amp Foreman 2014 p 300 Aders amp Held 1993 pp 247 248 Prien et al 2002 p 26 Prien et al 2003 p 206 Prien et al 2003 p 227 a b c Prien et al 2003 p 250 a b Weal 2007 p 78 Prien et al 2003 pp 227 232 Prien et al 2003 p 259 Aders amp Held 1993 pp 134 251 Prien et al 2012 pp 96 97 Degtev amp Zubov 2021 p 151 Prien et al 2012 p 117 Prien et al 2012 pp 117 149 Prien et al 2012 pp 149 150 Prien et al 2012 p 143 Prien et al 2012 pp 126 152 Prien amp Rodeike 1996a p 910 Prien amp Rodeike 1996a p 914 Prien amp Rodeike 1996a p 919 Prien amp Rodeike 1996a p 927 Prien amp Rodeike 1996a p 930 Prien amp Rodeike 1996a pp 936 1208 Prien amp Rodeike 1996a p 943 Prien amp Rodeike 1996a p 956 Prien amp Rodeike 1996a p 958 Prien amp Rodeike 1996a p 990 a b Prien amp Rodeike 1996b p 1617 Prien amp Rodeike 1996b p 1230 Prien amp Rodeike 1996b p 1231 Barbas 2006 p 251 Prien amp Rodeike 1996b p 1243 Prien amp Rodeike 1996b p 1244 Weal 2007 p 79 Prien amp Rodeike 1996b p 1245 Prien amp Rodeike 1996b p 1254 Prien amp Rodeike 1996b p 1263 Prien amp Rodeike 1996b p 1264 Manrho amp Putz 2010 p 230 Manrho amp Putz 2010 pp 231 232 Manrho amp Putz 2010 p 234 Manrho amp Putz 2010 p 235 Franks 1994 p 146 Manrho amp Putz 2010 p 269 Spick 1996 p 230 Mathews amp Foreman 2014 pp 300 302 Planquadrat a b c d Mathews amp Foreman 2014 p 301 Prien et al 2006 p 269 Prien et al 2006 p 270 Prien et al 2006 p 273 a b Mathews amp Foreman 2014 pp 301 302 Prien et al 2012 p 147 a b c d e f g h i Prien et al 2012 p 152 a b c d e Prien et al 2012 p 148 a b c d e f g h Prien et al 2012 p 149 a b c d Prien et al 2012 p 153 Prien et al 2012 p 155 a b c d e f g h Prien et al 2012 p 156 a b c d e Prien et al 2012 p 150 a b c d e f g Prien et al 2012 p 151 a b c Mathews amp Foreman 2014 p 302 a b Prien amp Rodeike 1996a p 1208 Prien amp Rodeike 1996a p 1209 Prien amp Rodeike 1996a p 1210 Prien amp Rodeike 1996b p 1651 Prien et al 2022 p 208 Dixon 2023 p 136 Patzwall 2008 p 75 Patzwall amp Scherzer 2001 p 109 Fellgiebel 2000 Scherzer 2007 p 302 Bibliography edit Aders Gebhard Held Werner 1993 Jagdgeschwader 51 Molders Eine Chronik Berichte Erlebnisse Dokumente Fighter Wing 51 Molders A Chronicle Reports Experiences Documents in German Stuttgart Germany Motorbuch Verlag ISBN 978 3 613 01045 1 Barbas Bernd 2006 Die Geschichte der I Gruppe des Jagdgeschwaders 52 The History of 1st Group of Fighter Wing 52 in German Eutin Germany Struve Druck ISBN 978 3 92 345779 3 Bergstrom Christer in Swedish Bergstrom Black Cross Red Star website Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat Archived from the original on 22 December 2018 Retrieved 19 January 2022 Bergstrom Christer in Swedish Antipov Vlad Sundin Claes 2003 Graf amp Grislawski A Pair of Aces Hamilton MT Eagle Editions ISBN 978 0 9721060 4 7 Degtev Dmitry Zubov Dmitry 2021 Hitler s Strategic Bombing Offensive on the Eastern Front Blitz Over the Volga 1943 Pen and Sword Books ISBN 978 1 5267 8992 1 Dixon Jeremy 2023 Day Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe Knight s Cross Holders 1943 1945 Barnsley Pen and Sword Books ISBN 978 1 39903 073 1 Fellgiebel Walther Peer in German 2000 1986 Die Trager des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 1945 Die Inhaber der hochsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile The Bearers of the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 1945 The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches in German Friedberg Germany Podzun Pallas ISBN 978 3 7909 0284 6 Franks Norman 1994 The Battle of the Airfields 1 January 1945 London Grub St ISBN 978 1 898697 15 2 Manrho John Putz Ron 2010 Bodenplatte The Luftwaffe s Last Hope The Attack on Allied Airfields New Year s Day 1945 Stackpole Books ISBN 978 1 4617 5072 7 Mathews Andrew Johannes Foreman John 2014 Luftwaffe Aces Biographies and Victory Claims Volume 1 A F Walton on Thames Red Kite ISBN 978 1 906592 18 9 Obermaier Ernst 1989 Die Ritterkreuztrager der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 1945 The Knight s Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 1945 in German Mainz Germany Verlag Dieter Hoffmann ISBN 978 3 87341 065 7 Patzwall Klaus D Scherzer Veit 2001 Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II The German Cross 1941 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2 in German Norderstedt Germany Verlag Klaus D Patzwall ISBN 978 3 931533 45 8 Patzwall Klaus D 2008 Der Ehrenpokal fur besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War in German Norderstedt Germany Verlag Klaus D Patzwall ISBN 978 3 931533 08 3 Prien Jochen Rodeike Peter 1996a Jagdgeschwader 1 und 11 Einsatz in der Reichsverteidigung von 1939 bis 1945 Teil 2 1944 Jagdgeschwader 1 and 11 Operations in the Defense of the Reich from 1939 to 1945 Volume 2 1944 in German Eutin Germany Struve Druck ISBN 978 3 923457 24 3 Prien Jochen Rodeike Peter 1996b Jagdgeschwader 1 und 11 Einsatz in der Reichsverteidigung von 1939 bis 1945 Teil 3 1944 1945 Jagdgeschwader 1 and 11 Operations in the Defense of the Reich from 1939 to 1945 in German Vol III 1944 1945 Eutin Germany Struve Druck ISBN 978 3 923457 25 0 Prien Jochen Stemmer Gerhard Rodeike Peter Bock Winfried 2002 Die Jagdfliegerverbande der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 4 II Einsatz am Kanal und uber England 26 6 1940 bis 21 6 1941 The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945 Part 4 II Action at the Channel and over England 26 June 1940 to 21 June 1941 in German Eutin Germany Struve Druck ISBN 978 3 923457 64 9 Prien Jochen Stemmer Gerhard Rodeike Peter Bock Winfried 2003 Die Jagdfliegerverbande der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 6 I Unternehmen BARBAROSSA Einsatz im Osten 22 6 bis 5 12 1941 The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945 Part 6 I Operation BARBAROSSA Action in the East 22 June to 5 December 1941 in German Eutin Germany Struve Druck ISBN 978 3 923457 69 4 Prien Jochen Stemmer Gerhard Rodeike Peter Bock Winfried 2006 Die Jagdfliegerverbande der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 9 II Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad 1 5 1942 bis 3 2 1943 The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945 Part 9 II From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad 1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943 in German Eutin Germany Struve Druck ISBN 978 3 923457 77 9 Prien Jochen Stemmer Gerhard Rodeike Peter Bock Winfried 2012 Die Jagdfliegerverbande der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 12 II Einsatz im Osten 4 2 bis 31 12 1943 The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945 Part 12 II Action in the East 4 February to 31 December 1943 in German Eutin Germany Buchverlag Rogge ISBN 978 3 942943 05 5 Prien Jochen Stemmer Gerhard Balke Ulf Bock Winfried 2022 Die Jagdfliegerverbande der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 15 I Einsatz im Osten 1 1 bis 31 12 1944 The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945 Part 15 I Action in the East 1 January to 31 December 1944 in German Eutin Germany Buchverlag Rogge ISBN 978 3 942943 26 0 Scherzer Veit 2007 Die Ritterkreuztrager 1939 1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer Luftwaffe Kriegsmarine Waffen SS Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbundeter Streitkrafte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives The Knight s Cross Bearers 1939 1945 The Holders of the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army Air Force Navy Waffen SS Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives in German Jena Germany Scherzers Militaer Verlag ISBN 978 3 938845 17 2 Spick Mike 1996 Luftwaffe Fighter Aces The Jadgflieger and their Combat Tactics and Techniques New York Ivy Books ISBN 978 0 8041 1696 1 Weal John 2007 More Bf 109 Aces of the Russian Front Aircraft of the Aces Vol 76 Oxford UK Osprey Publishing ISBN 978 1 84603 177 9 Portals nbsp Aviation nbsp Biography Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Horst Gunther von Fassong amp oldid 1210979345, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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