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Hermann-Friedrich Joppien

January 01, 1970

Hermann-Friedrich Joppien (19 July 1912 – 25 August 1941) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II, a fighter ace who claimed 70 enemy aircraft shot down in roughly 270 combat missions. He claimed 42 victories over the Western Front, of which 23 were Supermarine Spitfires, the remaining victories were recorded over the Eastern Front.

Hermann-Friedrich Joppien
Joppien in France, 1940
Born(1912-07-19)19 July 1912
Bochum
Died25 August 1941(1941-08-25) (aged 29)
near Yelnya, southwest of Bryansk
Allegiance Weimar Republic (to 1933)
 Nazi Germany
Service/branch Reichsheer (1931–35)
 Luftwaffe (1935–41)
Years of service1931–41
RankHauptmann (Captain)
UnitJG 51
Commands held1./JG 51, I./JG 51
Battles/wars
See battles

World War II

AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves

Born in Bochum, Joppien volunteered for military service, at first with the Reichswehr of the Weimar Republic and later with the Luftwaffe of Nazy Germany. He was posted to Jagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing) in 1939 and fought in the Battle of France and Britain on the Western Front. In October 1940 he was given command of I. Gruppe (1st group) of JG 51. On account of his 40th aerial victory claimed, he was awarded Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves. It was Germany's highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Joppien.[Note 1] Fighting on the Eastern Front, he was killed in action with Soviet fighters on 25 August 1941.

Early life and career edit

Joppien was born on 19 July 1912 in Bochum in the Province of Westphalia, a province of the Kingdom of Prussia.[2] His father was a laborer and when he found new work in 1917, the family moved to Hersfeld. After Joppien completed his schooling, he received a vocational education and learned the trade of a typesetter in a printing firm. In October 1931, Joppien joined the military service with Infanterie-Regiment 15 (15th Infantry Regiment) of the Reichswehr of the Weimar Republic in Gießen. There he was promoted to Unteroffizier (corporal) in 1933.[3][4]

In parallel to his military service at Gießen, Joppien was very much interested and involved in glider construction and glider flight. His transfer to the Luftwaffe was somewhat delayed as Joppien had been tasked with the training of new officer recruits. On 15 October 1935, his transfer to the Luftwaffe was finally authorized. Until Christmas 1935, he had logged 100 solo flights and in June 1936 he became a flight instructor. He was promoted to Unterfeldwebel (junior non-commissioned officer) on 1 October 1936, to Feldwebel (non-commissioned officer) on 1 February 1937, and to Oberfeldwebel (staff sergeant) on 1 July 1937.[3]

He was then selected for officer training and posted to a Kriegsschule (war school). Graduating among the top of his class of 130 students, he was promoted to Leutnant (second lieutenant) on 23 December 1938. Initially serving as a pilot and Staffeloffizier (squadron officer) in Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" (JG 2—2nd Fighter Wing),[Note 2] named after the after World War I fighter ace Manfred von Richthofen, he was promoted to Oberleutnant (first lieutenant) on 1 June 1939. He then held the position of Technischer Offizier (technical officer) with Stab of Jagdgruppe 176 (176th Fighter Group), which was formed from the II. Gruppe (2nd Group) of Zerstörergeschwader 76 (ZG 76—76th Destroyer Wing).[4][5] In mid 1939, Joppien was posted to the 1. Staffel (1st Squadron) of Jagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing).[3][4]

World War II edit

World War II in Europe began on Friday, 1 September 1939, when German forces invaded Poland. On 23 November 1939, on the Western Front, Joppien claimed his first victory, an Armée de l'Air (French Air Force) Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 of GC III/7, piloted by Sergent (Sergeant) Guillaume who crash landed at Heillecourt where the aircraft completely burned out. During the encounter, his Messerschmitt Bf 109 was damaged by enemy fire resulting in undercarriage failure on landing. His aircraft overturned, fortunately for Joppien, he escaped unhurt.[4][6] For this achievement, he was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class (Eisernes Kreuz 2. Klasse) on 13 December 1939.[3]

Battle of France and Britain edit

The Battle of France, the German invasion of France and the Low Countries, began on 10 May 1940. During this campaign, Joppien was awarded the Iron Cross 1st Class (Eisernes Kreuz 1. Klasse) on 10 June 1940.[3] By 25 June 1940, the date which marked the end of the French campaign, he claimed three further victories, which brought his total to four aerial victories.[2] On 10 June, I. Gruppe was ordered to Jever Airfield and to Leeuwarden Airfield on 21 June. The Gruppe was then ordered to Saint-Inglevert Airfield on 12 July and participated in the Battle of Britain against the Royal Air Force (RAF).[7]

On 5 August 1940, Joppien became Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of the 1. Staffel (1st squadron) of JG 51. He succeeded Hauptmann Douglas Pitcairn who was injured in a takeoff accident that day.[8] He claimed his first aerial victory as a Staffelkapitän on 11 August. That day, the Gruppe encountered RAF Supermarine Spitfire fighters off of Dover.[9] During these battles, after 21 aerial victories claimed, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) on 16 September 1940.[10] Two days later, he was promoted to Hauptmann (captain).[3]

He accumulated further victories against the RAF and on account of his 40th victory achieved on 21 April was honorably mentioned in the Wehrmachtbericht propaganda radio report, the first of three such mentions, on 22 April.[11] The next day, he was the 11th officer or soldier of the Wehrmacht honored with the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub) which was presented to him by Adolf Hitler.[3][10] On 18 October, Joppien was appointed Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) of I. Gruppe of JG 51. He succeeded Oberleutnant Richard Leppla who had temporarily led the Gruppe after its former commander, Hauptmann Hans-Heinrich Brustellin had taken been transferred.[12] The Gruppe was withdrawn from operations at the English Channel on 25 May 1941 and relocated to Krefeld Airfield for a short period of maintenance and overhaul.[13]

Operation Barbarossa and death edit

In June 1941, JG 51 and the majority of the Luftwaffe were transferred to the Eastern Front in preparation for Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941. There, on 30 June 1941, he shot down five Soviet bombers near Bobruysk in eastern Belarus, his aerial victories 47–51. This "ace-in-a-day" achievement earned him his second mention in the Wehrmachtbericht on 1 July 1941.[11] On 5 July 1941, he was wounded following his 58th victory claimed and spent several weeks in convalescence.[2]

On 25 August 1941, Joppien and his wingman, Leutnant Erwin Fleig, engaged in combat with Soviet fighters and bombers near Yelnya, Bryansk Oblast, a village in Krasnovichsky Selsoviet of Unechsky District of Bryansk Oblast, 20 kilometers (12 miles) southwest of Bryansk. In the subsequent action Joppien was shot down and killed in his Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-2 (Werknummer 9670—factory number) "Black" by a Soviet Polikarpov I-16 fighter.[2][14] Fleig later gave to protocol that he and Joppien had attacked three Petlyakov Pe-2 bombers, escorted by three I-16 fighter aircraft, at an altitude of 600–700 meters (2,000–2,300 feet). Fleig saw that Joppien had attacked a Pe-2 bomber, which trailing smoke, was going down. Fleig then observed Joppien's Bf 109 making a sharp right turn and crashed into the ground. By this date, Joppien had shot down 70 enemy aircraft claimed in roughly 270 combat missions. The Wehrmachtbericht announced his death on 29 August 1941.[15] Following his death, command of I. Gruppe went to Hauptmann Wilhelm Hachfeld who had previously commanded 2. Staffel.[16]

Summary of career edit

Aerial victory claims edit

According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Joppien was credited with 70 aerial victories.[17] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 59 confirmed aerial victory claims, plus eleven further unconfirmed claims. This figure of confirmed claims includes 32 aerial victories on the Western Front and 27 on the Eastern Front.[18]

Awards edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Until late September 1941, the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves was second only to the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross (Großkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes), which was awarded only to senior commanders for winning a major battle or campaign, in the military order of Nazi Germany. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves as highest military order was surpassed on 28 September 1941 by the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern).[1]
  2. ^ For an explanation of Luftwaffe unit designations see Organization of the Luftwaffe during World War II.
  3. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Bristol Blenheim.[19]
  4. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Hawker Hurricane.[19]
  5. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 20:08.[19]
  6. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at Kenley.[19]
  7. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 12:30.[19]
  8. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as an Ilyushin Il-2.[31]
  9. ^ According to Scherzer as pilot in the I./Jagdgeschwader 51.[34] According to Von Seemen as Staffelkapitän in the I./Jagdgeschwader 51.[35]

References edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ Williamson & Bujeiro 2004, pp. 3, 7.
  2. ^ a b c d Obermaier 1989, p. 45.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Stockert 2012, p. 97.
  4. ^ a b c d Goss 2018, p. 101.
  5. ^ Prien et al. 2001, p. 546.
  6. ^ Shores, Foreman & Ehrengardt 1992, p. 116.
  7. ^ Prien et al. 2002, p. 17.
  8. ^ Prien et al. 2002, pp. 28, 39.
  9. ^ Prien et al. 2002, pp. 17, 33.
  10. ^ a b Goss 2018, p. 102.
  11. ^ a b Aders & Held 1993, p. 271.
  12. ^ Prien et al. 2002, p. 28.
  13. ^ Prien et al. 2002, p. 26.
  14. ^ Weal 2006, pp. 67–68.
  15. ^ Aders & Held 1993, p. 272.
  16. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 243.
  17. ^ Zabecki 2014, p. 1616.
  18. ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 588–589.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h i Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 588.
  20. ^ Prien et al. 2001, p. 276.
  21. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2000, p. 274.
  22. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2002, p. 33.
  23. ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2002, p. 34.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Prien et al. 2002, p. 35.
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h Prien et al. 2002, p. 38.
  26. ^ a b c d e f g h i Prien et al. 2003, p. 248.
  27. ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2003, p. 250.
  28. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 251.
  29. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2003, p. 252.
  30. ^ a b c d e f g h i Prien et al. 2003, p. 253.
  31. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 589.
  32. ^ a b Thomas 1997, p. 331.
  33. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 245.
  34. ^ a b Scherzer 2007, p. 423.
  35. ^ Von Seemen 1976, p. 182.
  36. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 54.
  37. ^ Von Seemen 1976, p. 25.
  38. ^ Aders & Held 1993, pp. 271–272.

Bibliography edit

  • Aders, Gebhard; Held, Werner (1993). Jagdgeschwader 51 'Mölders' Eine Chronik – Berichte – Erlebnisse – Dokumente [Fighter Wing 51 'Mölders' A Chronicle - Reports - Experiences - Documents] (in German). Stuttgart, Germany: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 978-3-613-01045-1.
  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer [in German] (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
  • Goss, Chris (2018). Knights of the Battle of Britain — Luftwaffe Aircrew Awarded the Knight's Cross in 1940. Yorkshire, UK: Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 978-1-52672-651-3.
  • Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 2 G–L. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-19-6.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2001). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 2—Der "Sitzkrieg"—1.9.1939 bis 9.5.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 2—The "Phoney War"—1 September 1939 to 9 May 1940] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-59-5.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2000). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 3—Einsatz in Dänemark und Norwegen 9.4. bis 30.11.1940—Der Feldzug im Westen 10.5. bis 25.6.1940 [Fighter Pilot Association of the German Luftwaffe 1934 to 1945 Part 3—Assignments in Denmark and Norway 9 April to 30 November 1940—The campaign in the West 10 May to 25 June 1940] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-61-8.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2002). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 4/II—Einsatz am Kanal und über England—26.6.1940 bis 21.6.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 4/II—Action at the Channel and over England—26 June 1940 to 21 June 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-64-9.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 6/I—Unternehmen "BARBAROSSA"—Einsatz im Osten—22.6. bis 5.12.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 6/I—Operation "BARBAROSSA"—Action in the East—22 June to 5 December 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-69-4.
  • Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
  • Shores, Christopher F.; Foreman, John; Ehrengardt, Chris (1992). Fledgling eagles. London, UK: Grub Street. ISBN 978-0-948817-42-7.
  • Stockert, Peter (2012) [1996]. Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 1 [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 1] (in German) (4th ed.). Bad Friedrichshall, Germany: Friedrichshaller Rundblick. ISBN 978-3-9802222-7-3.
  • Thomas, Franz (1997). Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 1: A–K [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 1: A–K] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7648-2299-6.
  • Von Seemen, Gerhard (1976). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 : die Ritterkreuzträger sämtlicher Wehrmachtteile, Brillanten-, Schwerter- und Eichenlaubträger in der Reihenfolge der Verleihung : Anhang mit Verleihungsbestimmungen und weiteren Angaben [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 : The Knight's Cross Bearers of All the Armed Services, Diamonds, Swords and Oak Leaves Bearers in the Order of Presentation: Appendix with Further Information and Presentation Requirements] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7909-0051-4.
  • Weal, John (2006). Jagdgeschwader 51 'Mölders'. Aviation Elite Units. Vol. 22. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-045-1.
  • Williamson, Gordon; Bujeiro, Ramiro (2004). Knight's Cross and Oak Leaves Recipients 1939–40. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-641-6.
  • Zabecki, David T., ed. (2014). Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-59884-981-3.

January 01, 1970
hermann, friedrich, joppien, july, 1912, august, 1941, german, luftwaffe, military, aviator, during, world, fighter, claimed, enemy, aircraft, shot, down, roughly, combat, missions, claimed, victories, over, western, front, which, were, supermarine, spitfires,. Hermann Friedrich Joppien 19 July 1912 25 August 1941 was a German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II a fighter ace who claimed 70 enemy aircraft shot down in roughly 270 combat missions He claimed 42 victories over the Western Front of which 23 were Supermarine Spitfires the remaining victories were recorded over the Eastern Front Hermann Friedrich JoppienJoppien in France 1940Born 1912 07 19 19 July 1912BochumDied25 August 1941 1941 08 25 aged 29 near Yelnya southwest of BryanskAllegiance Weimar Republic to 1933 Nazi GermanyService wbr branchReichsheer 1931 35 Luftwaffe 1935 41 Years of service1931 41RankHauptmann Captain UnitJG 51Commands held1 JG 51 I JG 51Battles warsSee battlesWorld War II Phoney War Battle of France Battle of Britain Operation BarbarossaAwardsKnight s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves Born in Bochum Joppien volunteered for military service at first with the Reichswehr of the Weimar Republic and later with the Luftwaffe of Nazy Germany He was posted to Jagdgeschwader 51 JG 51 51st Fighter Wing in 1939 and fought in the Battle of France and Britain on the Western Front In October 1940 he was given command of I Gruppe 1st group of JG 51 On account of his 40th aerial victory claimed he was awarded Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves It was Germany s highest military decoration at the time of its presentation to Joppien Note 1 Fighting on the Eastern Front he was killed in action with Soviet fighters on 25 August 1941 Contents 1 Early life and career 2 World War II 2 1 Battle of France and Britain 2 2 Operation Barbarossa and death 3 Summary of career 3 1 Aerial victory claims 3 2 Awards 4 Notes 5 References 5 1 Citations 5 2 BibliographyEarly life and career editJoppien was born on 19 July 1912 in Bochum in the Province of Westphalia a province of the Kingdom of Prussia 2 His father was a laborer and when he found new work in 1917 the family moved to Hersfeld After Joppien completed his schooling he received a vocational education and learned the trade of a typesetter in a printing firm In October 1931 Joppien joined the military service with Infanterie Regiment 15 15th Infantry Regiment of the Reichswehr of the Weimar Republic in Giessen There he was promoted to Unteroffizier corporal in 1933 3 4 In parallel to his military service at Giessen Joppien was very much interested and involved in glider construction and glider flight His transfer to the Luftwaffe was somewhat delayed as Joppien had been tasked with the training of new officer recruits On 15 October 1935 his transfer to the Luftwaffe was finally authorized Until Christmas 1935 he had logged 100 solo flights and in June 1936 he became a flight instructor He was promoted to Unterfeldwebel junior non commissioned officer on 1 October 1936 to Feldwebel non commissioned officer on 1 February 1937 and to Oberfeldwebel staff sergeant on 1 July 1937 3 He was then selected for officer training and posted to a Kriegsschule war school Graduating among the top of his class of 130 students he was promoted to Leutnant second lieutenant on 23 December 1938 Initially serving as a pilot and Staffeloffizier squadron officer in Jagdgeschwader 2 Richthofen JG 2 2nd Fighter Wing Note 2 named after the after World War I fighter ace Manfred von Richthofen he was promoted to Oberleutnant first lieutenant on 1 June 1939 He then held the position of Technischer Offizier technical officer with Stab of Jagdgruppe 176 176th Fighter Group which was formed from the II Gruppe 2nd Group of Zerstorergeschwader 76 ZG 76 76th Destroyer Wing 4 5 In mid 1939 Joppien was posted to the 1 Staffel 1st Squadron of Jagdgeschwader 51 JG 51 51st Fighter Wing 3 4 World War II editWorld War II in Europe began on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland On 23 November 1939 on the Western Front Joppien claimed his first victory an Armee de l Air French Air Force Morane Saulnier M S 406 of GC III 7 piloted by Sergent Sergeant Guillaume who crash landed at Heillecourt where the aircraft completely burned out During the encounter his Messerschmitt Bf 109 was damaged by enemy fire resulting in undercarriage failure on landing His aircraft overturned fortunately for Joppien he escaped unhurt 4 6 For this achievement he was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class Eisernes Kreuz 2 Klasse on 13 December 1939 3 Battle of France and Britain edit The Battle of France the German invasion of France and the Low Countries began on 10 May 1940 During this campaign Joppien was awarded the Iron Cross 1st Class Eisernes Kreuz 1 Klasse on 10 June 1940 3 By 25 June 1940 the date which marked the end of the French campaign he claimed three further victories which brought his total to four aerial victories 2 On 10 June I Gruppe was ordered to Jever Airfield and to Leeuwarden Airfield on 21 June The Gruppe was then ordered to Saint Inglevert Airfield on 12 July and participated in the Battle of Britain against the Royal Air Force RAF 7 On 5 August 1940 Joppien became Staffelkapitan squadron leader of the 1 Staffel 1st squadron of JG 51 He succeeded Hauptmann Douglas Pitcairn who was injured in a takeoff accident that day 8 He claimed his first aerial victory as a Staffelkapitan on 11 August That day the Gruppe encountered RAF Supermarine Spitfire fighters off of Dover 9 During these battles after 21 aerial victories claimed he was awarded the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes on 16 September 1940 10 Two days later he was promoted to Hauptmann captain 3 He accumulated further victories against the RAF and on account of his 40th victory achieved on 21 April was honorably mentioned in the Wehrmachtbericht propaganda radio report the first of three such mentions on 22 April 11 The next day he was the 11th officer or soldier of the Wehrmacht honored with the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub which was presented to him by Adolf Hitler 3 10 On 18 October Joppien was appointed Gruppenkommandeur group commander of I Gruppe of JG 51 He succeeded Oberleutnant Richard Leppla who had temporarily led the Gruppe after its former commander Hauptmann Hans Heinrich Brustellin had taken been transferred 12 The Gruppe was withdrawn from operations at the English Channel on 25 May 1941 and relocated to Krefeld Airfield for a short period of maintenance and overhaul 13 Operation Barbarossa and death edit In June 1941 JG 51 and the majority of the Luftwaffe were transferred to the Eastern Front in preparation for Operation Barbarossa the invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941 There on 30 June 1941 he shot down five Soviet bombers near Bobruysk in eastern Belarus his aerial victories 47 51 This ace in a day achievement earned him his second mention in the Wehrmachtbericht on 1 July 1941 11 On 5 July 1941 he was wounded following his 58th victory claimed and spent several weeks in convalescence 2 On 25 August 1941 Joppien and his wingman Leutnant Erwin Fleig engaged in combat with Soviet fighters and bombers near Yelnya Bryansk Oblast a village in Krasnovichsky Selsoviet of Unechsky District of Bryansk Oblast 20 kilometers 12 miles southwest of Bryansk In the subsequent action Joppien was shot down and killed in his Messerschmitt Bf 109 F 2 Werknummer 9670 factory number Black by a Soviet Polikarpov I 16 fighter 2 14 Fleig later gave to protocol that he and Joppien had attacked three Petlyakov Pe 2 bombers escorted by three I 16 fighter aircraft at an altitude of 600 700 meters 2 000 2 300 feet Fleig saw that Joppien had attacked a Pe 2 bomber which trailing smoke was going down Fleig then observed Joppien s Bf 109 making a sharp right turn and crashed into the ground By this date Joppien had shot down 70 enemy aircraft claimed in roughly 270 combat missions The Wehrmachtbericht announced his death on 29 August 1941 15 Following his death command of I Gruppe went to Hauptmann Wilhelm Hachfeld who had previously commanded 2 Staffel 16 Summary of career editAerial victory claims edit According to US historian David T Zabecki Joppien was credited with 70 aerial victories 17 Mathews and Foreman authors of Luftwaffe Aces Biographies and Victory Claims researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 59 confirmed aerial victory claims plus eleven further unconfirmed claims This figure of confirmed claims includes 32 aerial victories on the Western Front and 27 on the Eastern Front 18 Chronicle of aerial victories This and the Ace of spades indicates those aerial victories which made Joppien an ace in a day a term which designates a fighter pilot who has shot down five or more airplanes in a single day This and the dash indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Joppien did not receive credit This and the question mark indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien Stemmer Rodeike Bock Mathews and Foreman Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location 1 Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 19 Phoney War 1 September 1939 9 May 1940 1 23 November 1939 15 30 M S 406 Zweibrucken 20 1 Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 19 Battle of France 10 May 25 June 1940 2 23 May 1940 16 28 D 520 Bethune 21 4 6 June 1940 17 12 LeO 451 Ham 21 3 5 June 1940 14 42 MB 152 Note 3 Breteuil 21 1 Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 51 19 At the Channel and over England 26 June 1940 21 June 1941 5 29 July 1940 08 25 Spitfire Dover 22 12 31 August 1940 14 16 Spitfire 23 6 29 July 1940 08 28 Spitfire Dover 22 6 September 1940 Spitfire 24 29 July 1940 Spitfire Dover 22 9 September 1940 Hurricane 24 7 11 August 1940 15 13 Spitfire 22 9 September 1940 Hurricane 24 8 15 August 1940 16 05 Hurricane 23 13 11 September 1940 16 50 Spitfire 24 15 August 1940 Hurricane 23 14 11 September 1940 17 10 Spitfire 24 Note 4 9 24 August 1940 14 09 Spitfire 23 15 15 September 1940 12 40 Spitfire 24 10 29 August 1940 20 09 Note 5 Spitfire 23 15 September 1940 Spitfire 24 11 31 August 1940 14 10 Spitfire 23 27 September 1940 Hurricane 24 Stab I Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 51 19 At the Channel and over England 26 June 1940 21 June 1941 29 October 1940 Hurricane 24 23 3 March 1941 17 02 Spitfire south of Ashford 24 16 8 November 1940 12 20 Hurricane 24 24 3 March 1941 17 13 Spitfire Folkestone 24 11 November 1940 Spitfire 24 25 12 March 1941 19 27 Spitfire Dungeness 25 11 November 1940 Spitfire 24 26 18 March 1941 12 28 Hurricane Lewes 25 5 km 3 1 mi south of Lewes 17 14 November 1940 12 25 Spitfire Dungeness 24 Note 6 27 15 April 1941 12 33 Note 7 Spitfire 5 km 3 1 mi southeast of Dungeness 25 18 1 December 1940 11 40 Spitfire 24 vicinity of Hollingbourne 28 16 April 1941 18 30 Hurricane 4 km 2 5 mi southwest of Dungeness 25 19 1 December 1940 15 16 Hurricane Ashford 24 vicinity of Hollingbourne 29 20 April 1941 12 12 Spitfire 20 km 12 mi north of Cap Gris Nez 25 20 5 December 1940 15 47 Spitfire 24 north of Rye 30 21 April 1941 20 10 Hurricane northwest of Ashford 25 21 26 February 1941 18 05 Hurricane southeast of Ashford 24 31 8 May 1941 18 02 Hurricane Folkestone 25 22 26 February 1941 18 07 Hurricane southeast of Ashford 24 32 8 May 1941 18 03 Hurricane northeast of Dungeness 25 Stab I Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 51 18 Operation Barbarossa 22 June 25 August 1941 33 25 June 1941 12 32 SB 2 26 3 July 1941 SB 2 27 34 25 June 1941 12 35 SB 2 26 47 5 July 1941 19 40 DB 3 28 35 25 June 1941 12 36 SB 2 26 48 24 July 1941 14 55 SB 2 29 36 29 June 1941 19 48 Skua 26 49 24 July 1941 14 58 SB 2 south of Propoysk 29 37 30 June 1941 13 15 bomber 26 vicinity of Bobruysk 50 24 July 1941 14 59 SB 2 south of Propoysk 29 38 30 June 1941 14 50 SB 2 26 vicinity of Bobruysk 51 28 July 1941 17 20 I 18 MiG 1 30 39 30 June 1941 16 25 bomber 26 vicinity of Bobruysk 52 28 July 1941 18 40 I 16 30 40 30 June 1941 16 27 unknown 26 vicinity of Bobruysk 53 15 August 1941 10 04 I 61 MiG 3 30 41 30 June 1941 18 58 SB 2 25 km 16 mi east of Bobruysk 26 54 21 August 1941 13 11 I 61 MiG 3 30 42 2 July 1941 12 55 SB 2 27 55 22 August 1941 11 50 DB 3 30 43 2 July 1941 15 30 SB 2 27 56 22 August 1941 11 52 DB 3 30 44 2 July 1941 15 31 SB 2 27 57 24 August 1941 09 55 R 3 30 Note 8 45 2 July 1941 15 32 SB 2 27 58 24 August 1941 16 10 I 18 MiG 1 30 46 3 July 1941 16 47 SB 2 27 59 25 August 1941 12 19 I 61 MiG 3 18 km 11 mi southwest of Bryansk 30 Awards edit Iron Cross 1939 2nd Class 13 December 1939 32 1st Class 10 June 1940 32 Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves Knight s Cross on 16 September 1940 as Oberleutnant and Staffelkapitan of the 1 Jagdgeschwader 51 33 Note 9 11th Oak Leaves on 23 April 1941 as Hauptmann and Gruppenkommandeur of I Jagdgeschwader 51 34 36 37 Three named references in the Wehrmachtbericht 22 April 1941 1 July 1941 and 29 August 1941 38 Notes edit Until late September 1941 the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves was second only to the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross Grosskreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes which was awarded only to senior commanders for winning a major battle or campaign in the military order of Nazi Germany The Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves as highest military order was surpassed on 28 September 1941 by the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern 1 For an explanation of Luftwaffe unit designations see Organization of the Luftwaffe during World War II According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Bristol Blenheim 19 According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as a Hawker Hurricane 19 According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 20 08 19 According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at Kenley 19 According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 12 30 19 According to Mathews and Foreman claimed as an Ilyushin Il 2 31 According to Scherzer as pilot in the I Jagdgeschwader 51 34 According to Von Seemen as Staffelkapitan in the I Jagdgeschwader 51 35 References editCitations edit Williamson amp Bujeiro 2004 pp 3 7 a b c d Obermaier 1989 p 45 a b c d e f g Stockert 2012 p 97 a b c d Goss 2018 p 101 Prien et al 2001 p 546 Shores Foreman amp Ehrengardt 1992 p 116 Prien et al 2002 p 17 Prien et al 2002 pp 28 39 Prien et al 2002 pp 17 33 a b Goss 2018 p 102 a b Aders amp Held 1993 p 271 Prien et al 2002 p 28 Prien et al 2002 p 26 Weal 2006 pp 67 68 Aders amp Held 1993 p 272 Prien et al 2003 p 243 Zabecki 2014 p 1616 a b Mathews amp Foreman 2015 pp 588 589 a b c d e f g h i Mathews amp Foreman 2015 p 588 Prien et al 2001 p 276 a b c Prien et al 2000 p 274 a b c d Prien et al 2002 p 33 a b c d e f Prien et al 2002 p 34 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Prien et al 2002 p 35 a b c d e f g h Prien et al 2002 p 38 a b c d e f g h i Prien et al 2003 p 248 a b c d e f Prien et al 2003 p 250 Prien et al 2003 p 251 a b c Prien et al 2003 p 252 a b c d e f g h i Prien et al 2003 p 253 Mathews amp Foreman 2015 p 589 a b Thomas 1997 p 331 Fellgiebel 2000 p 245 a b Scherzer 2007 p 423 Von Seemen 1976 p 182 Fellgiebel 2000 p 54 Von Seemen 1976 p 25 Aders amp Held 1993 pp 271 272 Bibliography edit Aders Gebhard Held Werner 1993 Jagdgeschwader 51 Molders Eine Chronik Berichte Erlebnisse Dokumente Fighter Wing 51 Molders A Chronicle Reports Experiences Documents in German Stuttgart Germany Motorbuch Verlag ISBN 978 3 613 01045 1 Fellgiebel Walther Peer in German 2000 1986 Die Trager des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 1945 Die Inhaber der hochsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile The Bearers of the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 1945 The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches in German Friedberg Germany Podzun Pallas ISBN 978 3 7909 0284 6 Goss Chris 2018 Knights of the Battle of Britain Luftwaffe Aircrew Awarded the Knight s Cross in 1940 Yorkshire UK Pen and Sword Books ISBN 978 1 52672 651 3 Mathews Andrew Johannes Foreman John 2015 Luftwaffe Aces Biographies and Victory Claims Volume 2 G L Walton on Thames Red Kite ISBN 978 1 906592 19 6 Prien Jochen Stemmer Gerhard Rodeike Peter Bock Winfried 2001 Die Jagdfliegerverbande der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 2 Der Sitzkrieg 1 9 1939 bis 9 5 1941 The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945 Part 2 The Phoney War 1 September 1939 to 9 May 1940 in German Eutin Germany Struve Druck ISBN 978 3 923457 59 5 Prien Jochen Stemmer Gerhard Rodeike Peter Bock Winfried 2000 Die Jagdfliegerverbande der deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 3 Einsatz in Danemark und Norwegen 9 4 bis 30 11 1940 Der Feldzug im Westen 10 5 bis 25 6 1940 Fighter Pilot Association of the German Luftwaffe 1934 to 1945 Part 3 Assignments in Denmark and Norway 9 April to 30 November 1940 The campaign in the West 10 May to 25 June 1940 in German Eutin Germany Struve Druck ISBN 978 3 923457 61 8 Prien Jochen Stemmer Gerhard Rodeike Peter Bock Winfried 2002 Die Jagdfliegerverbande der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 4 II Einsatz am Kanal und uber England 26 6 1940 bis 21 6 1941 The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945 Part 4 II Action at the Channel and over England 26 June 1940 to 21 June 1941 in German Eutin Germany Struve Druck ISBN 978 3 923457 64 9 Prien Jochen Stemmer Gerhard Rodeike Peter Bock Winfried 2003 Die Jagdfliegerverbande der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 6 I Unternehmen BARBAROSSA Einsatz im Osten 22 6 bis 5 12 1941 The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945 Part 6 I Operation BARBAROSSA Action in the East 22 June to 5 December 1941 in German Eutin Germany Struve Druck ISBN 978 3 923457 69 4 Obermaier Ernst 1989 Die Ritterkreuztrager der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 1945 The Knight s Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 1945 in German Mainz Germany Verlag Dieter Hoffmann ISBN 978 3 87341 065 7 Scherzer Veit 2007 Die Ritterkreuztrager 1939 1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer Luftwaffe Kriegsmarine Waffen SS Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbundeter Streitkrafte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives The Knight s Cross Bearers 1939 1945 The Holders of the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army Air Force Navy Waffen SS Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives in German Jena Germany Scherzers Militaer Verlag ISBN 978 3 938845 17 2 Shores Christopher F Foreman John Ehrengardt Chris 1992 Fledgling eagles London UK Grub Street ISBN 978 0 948817 42 7 Stockert Peter 2012 1996 Die Eichenlaubtrager 1939 1945 Band 1 The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939 1945 Volume 1 in German 4th ed Bad Friedrichshall Germany Friedrichshaller Rundblick ISBN 978 3 9802222 7 3 Thomas Franz 1997 Die Eichenlaubtrager 1939 1945 Band 1 A K The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939 1945 Volume 1 A K in German Osnabruck Germany Biblio Verlag ISBN 978 3 7648 2299 6 Von Seemen Gerhard 1976 Die Ritterkreuztrager 1939 1945 die Ritterkreuztrager samtlicher Wehrmachtteile Brillanten Schwerter und Eichenlaubtrager in der Reihenfolge der Verleihung Anhang mit Verleihungsbestimmungen und weiteren Angaben The Knight s Cross Bearers 1939 1945 The Knight s Cross Bearers of All the Armed Services Diamonds Swords and Oak Leaves Bearers in the Order of Presentation Appendix with Further Information and Presentation Requirements in German Friedberg Germany Podzun Verlag ISBN 978 3 7909 0051 4 Weal John 2006 Jagdgeschwader 51 Molders Aviation Elite Units Vol 22 Oxford UK Osprey Publishing ISBN 978 1 84603 045 1 Williamson Gordon Bujeiro Ramiro 2004 Knight s Cross and Oak Leaves Recipients 1939 40 Oxford UK Osprey Publishing ISBN 978 1 84176 641 6 Zabecki David T ed 2014 Germany at War 400 Years of Military History Santa Barbara California ABC Clio ISBN 978 1 59884 981 3 Portals nbsp Aviation nbsp BiographyHermann Friedrich Joppien at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Media from Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hermann Friedrich Joppien amp oldid 1206543267, wikipedia, wiki, book, 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