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Heinz Strüning

October 27, 2023

Heinz Strüning (13 January 1912 – 24 December 1944) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II, a night fighter ace credited with 56 nocturnal aerial victories claimed in 280 combat missions.[Note 1]

Heinz Strüning
Born13 January 1912
Neviges, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire
Died24 December 1944(1944-12-24) (aged 32)
near Bergisch Gladbach, Free State of Prussia, Nazi Germany
Buried
cemetery Westönnen
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service/branch Luftwaffe
Years of service1935–44
RankHauptmann (captain)
UnitZG 26, KG 30, NJG 2, NJG 1
Battles/warsWorld War II
AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves

All of his victories were claimed over the Western Front in Defense of the Reich missions against the Royal Air Force's Bomber Command. He was shot down and killed in action on Christmas Eve, 24 December 1944.

Early life and career edit

Strüning was born on 13 January 1912 in Neviges, at the time in the Rhine Province of the German Empire. He was the son of electrician Karl Strüning. Following graduation from the Realgymnasium—a secondary school built on the mid-level Realschule—in Langenberg he began his vocational education as a merchant. In March 1935, he joined the Luftwaffe and was trained as a pilot.[1][Note 2]

Holding the rank of Unteroffizier, he was posted to 5. Staffel (5th squadron) of Zerstörergeschwader 26 "Horst Wessel" (ZG 26—26th Destroyer Wing), named after the Nazi martyr Horst Wessel, on 2 August 1939.[3][Note 3]

World War II edit

World War II in Europe began on Friday, 1 September 1939, when German forces invaded Poland. Flying with ZG 26, he flew several patrol missions on the Western Front during the Phoney War period. On 9 April 1940, the Wehrmacht launched Operation Weserübung, the German assault on Denmark and Norway. Two days later, Strüning was reassigned to the Zerstörrerstaffel of Kampfgeschwader 30 (KG 30—30th Bomber Wing). Until 9 June, he flew escort missions in support of the German troops at Narvik. For his service in Norway, he was awarded the Iron Cross second Class (Eisernes Kreuz zweiter Klasse) on 15 July 1940. On 1 August 1940, Strüning was promoted to Feldwebel (sergeant).[1]

Night fighter career edit

 
A map of part of the Kammhuber Line. The 'belt' and night fighter 'boxes' are shown.

Following the 1939 aerial Battle of the Heligoland Bight, Royal Air Force (RAF) attacks shifted to the cover of darkness, initiating the Defence of the Reich campaign.[4] By mid-1940, Generalmajor (Brigadier General) Josef Kammhuber had established a night air defense system dubbed the Kammhuber Line. It consisted of a series of control sectors equipped with radars and searchlights and an associated night fighter. Each sector named a Himmelbett (canopy bed) would direct the night fighter into visual range with target bombers. In 1941, the Luftwaffe started equipping night fighters with airborne radar such as the Lichtenstein radar. This airborne radar did not come into general use until early 1942.[5]

In July 1940, elements of (Z)KG 30 were trained and converted to flying night fighter missions. These elements then became the 4. Staffel in the II. Gruppe (2nd group) of the newly created Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 (NJG 1—1st Night Fighter Wing). On 11 September, II. Gruppe of NJG 1 was reassigned and became the I. Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 (NJG 2—2nd Night Fighter Wing), subsequently Strünning became a pilot of 1./NJG 2.[1] Kammhuber had created I./NJG 2 with the idea of utilizing the Junkers Ju 88 C-2 and Dornier Do 17 Z as an offensive weapon, flying long range intruder (Fernnachtjagd) missions into British airspace, attacking RAF airfields. Until October 1941, I. Gruppe operated from the Gilze-Rijen Air Base.[6]

With this unit, Strüning flew 66 intruder missions over England at night,[7] and claimed his first aerial victory on the night of 23 November 1940 over a Vickers Wellington bomber 50 kilometres (31 miles) west of Scheveningen.[8][9] Two days later, he received the Iron Cross first Class (Eisernes Kreuz erster Klasse). For his service in Norway, he was presented the Narvik Shield on 30 January 1941.[1] On the evening of 15 February 1941, Strüning claimed a Lockheed Hudson 75 km (47 mi) east of Great Yarmouth and a Wellington 65 km (40 mi) east-northeast of Southend-on-Sea.[10] Following his fifth aerial victory, he received the Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe (Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe) on 12 June 1941. On 1 July 1941, Strüning was promoted to Oberfeldwebel (Master Sergeant).[1] He claimed his ninth and last intruder aerial victory on 13 October 1941 over a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress in the vicinity of Upwood over England.[11]

In the timeframe 24 October 1940, the date of I. Gruppe's first aerial victory, to 12 October 1941, the intruder Gruppe claimed approximately 100 RAF aircraft destroyed, additionally further aircraft were damaged as well as RAF ground targets attacked. This came at the expense of 26 aircraft lost. In October 1941, Hitler ordered the intruder operations stopped as he was skeptical of the results. The unit was then ordered to Catania, Sicily in the Mediterranean theater of operations.[12] Strüning however stayed at Gilze-Rijen and was transferred to the Ergänzungsjagdgruppe, a supplementary unit of NJG 2.[1]

In November 1941, he was transferred to 7./NJG 2. With this unit, Strüning gained 15 victories until mid-September 1942. He received the German Cross in Gold (Deutsches Kreuz in Gold) in July 1942, after his 19th claim. In mid September 1942 he was promoted to Leutnant and awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) in October 1942. Strüning is then transferred to 2./NJG 1 in May 1943.

Staffelkapitän and death edit

 
Heinkel He 219

Strüning was promoted to Oberleutnant (first lieutenant) on 1 August 1943.[13] On 15 August, he was then appointed Staffelkapitän of 3. Staffel of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 (NJG 1—1st Night Fighter Wing). On 23 August 1943, Strüning claimed a Lancaster shot down 20 km (12 mi) east of Eindhoven.[14]

Strüning coordinated the introduction of the new Heinkel He 219 "Uhu". With this aircraft, Strüning downed three bombers on the night of 31 August 1943, a Halifax 20 kilometers (12 miles) west of Mönchengladbach.[15] On 22 June 1944, he shot down three RAF bombers. Strüning was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub) on 20 July 1944.

On 7 October, Helmut Lent, the Geschwaderkommodore of NJG 3, died of wounds sustained in a flying accident the day before. Lent's state funeral was held in the Reich Chancellery, Berlin, on Wednesday 11 October 1944. Strüning, together with Oberstleutnant Hans-Joachim Jabs, Major Rudolf Schoenert, Oberstleutnant Günther Radusch, Hauptmann Karl Hadeball and Hauptmann Paul Zorner, formed the guard of honor.[16] On 15 November, Strüning again participated in an guard of honor. He and Leutnant Karl Schnörrer, Oberst Gordon Gollob, Major Georg Christl, Major Rudolf Schoenert, Major Josef Fözö formed the guard of honor at Walter Nowotny funeral at the Zentralfriedhof in Vienna. Nowotny had been killed in action on 8 November 1944. The eulogy was delivered by Generaloberst Otto Deßloch.[17]

At about 6 pm on 24 December 1944 his Messerschmitt Bf 110 G-4 (Werknummer 740 162—factory number) G9+CT was shot down by 10-kill ace F/L R.D. Doleman and F/L D.C. Bunch of No. 157 Squadron RAF in a de Havilland Mosquito Intruder while he tried to attack a Lancaster bomber over Cologne.[18] He bailed out but struck the tail of his plane and fell to his death. His body was found two months after his death.[19] Strüning was buried at the Ostfriedhof (eastern cemetery) in Westönnen in field X, grave 14.[20]

Summary of career edit

Aerial victory claims edit

During his career, Hauptmann Heinz Strüning had made 280 combat missions (250 at night), and claimed 56 victories at night (including two Mosquitoes).

Foreman, Parry and Mathews, authors of Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939 – 1945, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 56 nocturnal victory claims.[21] Mathews and Foreman also published Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, listing Strüning with 56 aerial victories claimed in 280 combat missions.[22]

Chronicle of aerial victories
Claim Date Time Type Location Serial No./Squadron No.
– 1. Staffel of Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 –[8]
1 23 November 1940 18:40 Wellington 50 km (31 mi) west of Scheveningen[23]
2 15 February 1941 09:15 Hudson 75 km (47 mi) east of Great Yarmouth[10]
3 15 February 1941 19:58 Wellington 65 km (40 mi) east-northeast of Southend-on-Sea[10]
4 7 May 1941 02:08 Wellington Peterborough[24] Wellington R3227/No. 11 Operational Training Unit RAF[25]
5 9 May 1941 23:30 Wellington over the North Sea[24]
6 5 July 1941 01:57 Wellington vicinity of Bircham Newton[26]
7 19 August 1941 01:20 Blenheim vicinity of Grantham[27]
8 19 August 1941 02:00 Blenheim vicinity of Grantham[27]
9 13 October 1941 22:20 B-17 vicinity of Upwood[11]
– Ergänzungsjagdgruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 –[22]
10 26 January 1942 22:35 Whitley[28]
11 29 April 1942 01:15 Boston 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Noordschans[29]
12 9 May 1942 01:02 Stirling[30]
13 20 May 1942 00:56 Stirling[30] Stirling DJ977/No. 218 (Gold Coast) Squadron RAF[31]
14 31 May 1942 00:27 Boston[32] Manchester L7429/No.49 Conversion Flight RAF[33]
15 2 June 1942 03:10 B-24[34]
16 2 June 1942 03:25 Wellington[34] Stirling R9318/No. 15 Squadron RAF[35]
17 6 June 1942 03:35 Stirling[36]
18 20 June 1942 03:27 Wellington[37]
19 26 June 1942 01:13 B-24[38]
– 8. Staffel of Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 –[39]
20 22 July 1942 01:45 Halifax 14 km (8.7 mi) south of Utrecht[40]
21 26 July 1942 02:30 Wellington northeast of Amersfoort[41]
22 30 July 1942 03:55 Wellington[42]
23 10 September 1942 22:50 Wellington 12 km (7.5 mi) northeast of Helmond[43]
24 16 September 1942 23:34 Wellington[44] Stirling DF550/No. 142 Squadron RAF[45]
– 2. Staffel of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 –[39]
25 14 May 1943 01:49 Halifax 10 km (6.2 mi) north of Breskens[46]
26 14 May 1943 02:26 Halifax 60 km (37 mi) west of Walcheren[46] Halifax W7935/No. 102 Squadron RAF[47]
27 24 May 1943 02:14 Stirling 18 km (11 mi) south of Utrecht[48] Stirling BK783/No. 75 Squadron RAF[49]
28 26 May 1943 02:33 Wellington Loosduinen[48] Wellington HE228/No. 192 Squadron RAF[50]
29 28 May 1943 01:54 Mosquito 15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of Gouda[51]
30 17 June 1943 02:06 Halifax 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Euddorp[52]
31 22 June 1943 02:02 Lancaster[53] Lancaster ED885/No. 156 Squadron RAF[54]
32 23 June 1943 02:39 Halifax 16 km (9.9 mi) east of Utrecht[53] Halifax DT700/No. 77 Squadron RAF[55]
33 25 June 1943 02:49 Lancaster 30 km (19 mi) west of Schouwen[56] Lancaster LM327/No. 97 Squadron RAF[57]
34 25 June 1943 02:56 Halifax 20 km (12 mi) west-northwest of Schouwen[56] Halifax JD250/No. 51 Squadron RAF[58]
35 25 June 1943 03:02 Stirling 25 km (16 mi) west of Schouwen[56] Stirling BK628/No. 90 Squadron RAF[59]
– 3. Staffel of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 –[39]
36 14 July 1943 01:40 Halifax Venlo railway station[60] Halifax BB323/No. 419 Squadron RCAF[61]
37 23 August 1943 01:43 Lancaster 20 km (12 mi) east of Eindhoven[14] Lancaster ED701/No. 103 Squadron[62]
38 31 August 1943 03:20 Halifax 20 km (12 mi) west of Mönchengladbach[15] Halifax LK894/No. 434 (Bluenose) Squadron RCAF[63]
39 31 August 1943 03:45 Halifax west of Mönchengladbach[15] Stirling EH938/No. 75 Squadron RAF[64]
40 31 August 1943 03:45 Halifax 60 km (37 mi) west-southwest of Mönchengladbach[15] Halifax HR739/No. 158 Squadron RAF[65]
41 1 September 1943 01:05 Halifax Brandenburg[66]
42 25 March 1944 00:30 four-engined bomber 230° from Dortmund[67] Lancaster LM471/No. 576 Squadron RAF[68]
43 11 May 1944 00:15 Lancaster 18 km (11 mi) northeast of Bruges[69] Halifax LV985/No. 427 Squadron RCAF[70]
44 13 May 1944 00:48 Halifax 15 km (9.3 mi) south-southeast of Brussels[69] Halifax MZ629/No. 431 (Iroquois) Squadron RCAF[71]
45 22 May 1944 01:32 Lancaster north of Fessenhout[72] Lancaster LL951/No. 460 Squadron RAAF[73]
46 23 May 1944 01:14 Lancaster vicinity of Giessen[74]
47 25 May 1944 00:47 Halifax vicinity of Leopoldsburg[75] Halifax HX352/No. 429 Squadron RCAF[76]
48 25 May 1944 01:15 Viermot Off Ostend[75]
49 3 June 1944 00:36 Halifax Schouwen Island[77]
50 6 June 1944 02:30 Mosquito Noord Brabant[77] Mosquito NS950/No. 515 Squadron[78]
51 17 June 1944 01:07 four-engined bomber beacon "Gorilla"[79][Note 4]
52 17 June 1944 01:13 four-engined bomber beacon "Gorilla"[79][Note 4]
53 22 June 1944 01:13 Lancaster Venlo[80]
54 22 June 1944 01:17 B-17 vicinity of Maastricht[80] B-17 SR382/No. 214 Squadron RAF[81]
55 22 June 1944 02:30 four-engined bomber beacon "Hamster"[82][Note 5]
56 19 July 1944 01:55 Mosquito 50 km (31 mi) west of Berlin[83] Mosquito MM136/No. 571 Squadron RAF[84]

Awards edit

Dates of rank edit

1 August 1940: Feldwebel (Technical Sergeant)[1]
1 July 1941: Oberfeldwebel (Master Sergeant)[1]
1 August 1942: Leutnant (Second Lieutenant)[1]
1 August 1943: Oberleutnant (First Lieutenant)[13]
1 April 1944: Hauptmann (Captain)[13]

Notes edit

  1. ^ For a list of Luftwaffe night fighter aces see List of German World War II night fighter aces.
  2. ^ Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1, A2 and B1, B2, referred to as A/B flight training. A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics, navigation, long-distance flights and dead-stick landings. The B courses included high-altitude flights, instrument flights, night landings and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations. For pilots destined to fly multi-engine aircraft, the training was completed with the Luftwaffe Advanced Pilot's Certificate (Erweiterter Luftwaffen-Flugzeugführerschein), also known as the C-Certificate.[2]
  3. ^ For an explanation of the meaning of Luftwaffe unit designation see Organisation of the Luftwaffe during World War II.
  4. ^ a b Beacon "Gorilla"—At Schoonrewoerd in 51°55′N 5°6′E / 51.917°N 5.100°E / 51.917; 5.100
  5. ^ Beacon "Hamster"—At Oostkapelle/Domburg in 51°35′N 3°32′E / 51.583°N 3.533°E / 51.583; 3.533
  6. ^ According to Scherzer as Leutnant (war officer) and pilot in the 8./Nachtjagdgeschwader 2.[89]
  7. ^ According to Scherzer as Hauptmann (war officer).[89]

References edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Stockert 2012, p. 105.
  2. ^ Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, p. 17.
  3. ^ MacLean 2007, p. 441.
  4. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 9.
  5. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 27.
  6. ^ Hinchliffe 1998, p. 39.
  7. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 67.
  8. ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1289.
  9. ^ Forsyth 2019, p. 33.
  10. ^ a b c Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 16.
  11. ^ a b Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 32.
  12. ^ Hinchliffe 1998, p. 40.
  13. ^ a b c d e Stockert 2012, p. 106.
  14. ^ a b Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 104.
  15. ^ a b c d Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 108.
  16. ^ Hinchliffe 2003, pp. 266–267.
  17. ^ Held 1998, p. 157.
  18. ^ Thomas & Davey 2005, p. 72.
  19. ^ Bowman 2020, p. 352.
  20. ^ Stockert 2012, p. 107.
  21. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, pp. 12–202.
  22. ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 1289–1290.
  23. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 12.
  24. ^ a b Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 20.
  25. ^ Wellington R3227.
  26. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 24.
  27. ^ a b Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 29.
  28. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 34.
  29. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 39.
  30. ^ a b Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 40.
  31. ^ Stirling DJ977.
  32. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 42.
  33. ^ Manchester L7429.
  34. ^ a b Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 43.
  35. ^ Stirling R9318.
  36. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 44.
  37. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 46.
  38. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 47.
  39. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 1290.
  40. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 50.
  41. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 51.
  42. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 52.
  43. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 58.
  44. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 59.
  45. ^ Stirling DF550.
  46. ^ a b Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 80.
  47. ^ Halifax W7935.
  48. ^ a b Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 82.
  49. ^ Stirling BK783.
  50. ^ Wellington HE228.
  51. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 83.
  52. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 87.
  53. ^ a b Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 88.
  54. ^ Lancaster ED885.
  55. ^ Halifax DT700.
  56. ^ a b c Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 90.
  57. ^ Lancaster LM327.
  58. ^ Halifax JD250.
  59. ^ Stirling BK628.
  60. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 93.
  61. ^ Halifax BB323.
  62. ^ Lancaster ED701.
  63. ^ Halifax LK894.
  64. ^ Stirling EH938.
  65. ^ Halifax HR739.
  66. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 110.
  67. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 159.
  68. ^ Lancaster LM471.
  69. ^ a b Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 176.
  70. ^ Halifax LV985.
  71. ^ Halifax MZ629.
  72. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 177.
  73. ^ Lancaster LL951.
  74. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 178.
  75. ^ a b Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 179.
  76. ^ Halifax HX352.
  77. ^ a b Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 181.
  78. ^ Mosquito NS950.
  79. ^ a b Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 188.
  80. ^ a b Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 190.
  81. ^ Bowman 2016, p. 104.
  82. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 191.
  83. ^ Foreman, Parry & Mathews 2004, p. 202.
  84. ^ Mosquito MM136.
  85. ^ a b Thomas 1998, p. 365.
  86. ^ Patzwall 2008, p. 201.
  87. ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 466.
  88. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 415.
  89. ^ a b Scherzer 2007, p. 732.
  90. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 85.

Bibliography edit

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  • Accident description for Wellington R3227 at the Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved on 12 April 2022.

October 27, 2023
heinz, strüning, january, 1912, december, 1944, german, luftwaffe, military, aviator, during, world, night, fighter, credited, with, nocturnal, aerial, victories, claimed, combat, missions, note, born13, january, 1912neviges, kingdom, prussia, german, empiredi. Heinz Struning 13 January 1912 24 December 1944 was a German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II a night fighter ace credited with 56 nocturnal aerial victories claimed in 280 combat missions Note 1 Heinz StruningBorn13 January 1912Neviges Kingdom of Prussia German EmpireDied24 December 1944 1944 12 24 aged 32 near Bergisch Gladbach Free State of Prussia Nazi GermanyBuriedcemetery WestonnenAllegiance Nazi GermanyService wbr branch LuftwaffeYears of service1935 44RankHauptmann captain UnitZG 26 KG 30 NJG 2 NJG 1Battles warsWorld War II Defense of the Reich AwardsKnight s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak LeavesAll of his victories were claimed over the Western Front in Defense of the Reich missions against the Royal Air Force s Bomber Command He was shot down and killed in action on Christmas Eve 24 December 1944 Contents 1 Early life and career 2 World War II 2 1 Night fighter career 2 2 Staffelkapitan and death 3 Summary of career 3 1 Aerial victory claims 3 2 Awards 3 3 Dates of rank 4 Notes 5 References 5 1 Citations 5 2 BibliographyEarly life and career editStruning was born on 13 January 1912 in Neviges at the time in the Rhine Province of the German Empire He was the son of electrician Karl Struning Following graduation from the Realgymnasium a secondary school built on the mid level Realschule in Langenberg he began his vocational education as a merchant In March 1935 he joined the Luftwaffe and was trained as a pilot 1 Note 2 Holding the rank of Unteroffizier he was posted to 5 Staffel 5th squadron of Zerstorergeschwader 26 Horst Wessel ZG 26 26th Destroyer Wing named after the Nazi martyr Horst Wessel on 2 August 1939 3 Note 3 World War II editWorld War II in Europe began on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland Flying with ZG 26 he flew several patrol missions on the Western Front during the Phoney War period On 9 April 1940 the Wehrmacht launched Operation Weserubung the German assault on Denmark and Norway Two days later Struning was reassigned to the Zerstorrerstaffel of Kampfgeschwader 30 KG 30 30th Bomber Wing Until 9 June he flew escort missions in support of the German troops at Narvik For his service in Norway he was awarded the Iron Cross second Class Eisernes Kreuz zweiter Klasse on 15 July 1940 On 1 August 1940 Struning was promoted to Feldwebel sergeant 1 Night fighter career edit nbsp A map of part of the Kammhuber Line The belt and night fighter boxes are shown Following the 1939 aerial Battle of the Heligoland Bight Royal Air Force RAF attacks shifted to the cover of darkness initiating the Defence of the Reich campaign 4 By mid 1940 Generalmajor Brigadier General Josef Kammhuber had established a night air defense system dubbed the Kammhuber Line It consisted of a series of control sectors equipped with radars and searchlights and an associated night fighter Each sector named a Himmelbett canopy bed would direct the night fighter into visual range with target bombers In 1941 the Luftwaffe started equipping night fighters with airborne radar such as the Lichtenstein radar This airborne radar did not come into general use until early 1942 5 In July 1940 elements of Z KG 30 were trained and converted to flying night fighter missions These elements then became the 4 Staffel in the II Gruppe 2nd group of the newly created Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 NJG 1 1st Night Fighter Wing On 11 September II Gruppe of NJG 1 was reassigned and became the I Gruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 NJG 2 2nd Night Fighter Wing subsequently Strunning became a pilot of 1 NJG 2 1 Kammhuber had created I NJG 2 with the idea of utilizing the Junkers Ju 88 C 2 and Dornier Do 17 Z as an offensive weapon flying long range intruder Fernnachtjagd missions into British airspace attacking RAF airfields Until October 1941 I Gruppe operated from the Gilze Rijen Air Base 6 With this unit Struning flew 66 intruder missions over England at night 7 and claimed his first aerial victory on the night of 23 November 1940 over a Vickers Wellington bomber 50 kilometres 31 miles west of Scheveningen 8 9 Two days later he received the Iron Cross first Class Eisernes Kreuz erster Klasse For his service in Norway he was presented the Narvik Shield on 30 January 1941 1 On the evening of 15 February 1941 Struning claimed a Lockheed Hudson 75 km 47 mi east of Great Yarmouth and a Wellington 65 km 40 mi east northeast of Southend on Sea 10 Following his fifth aerial victory he received the Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe on 12 June 1941 On 1 July 1941 Struning was promoted to Oberfeldwebel Master Sergeant 1 He claimed his ninth and last intruder aerial victory on 13 October 1941 over a Boeing B 17 Flying Fortress in the vicinity of Upwood over England 11 In the timeframe 24 October 1940 the date of I Gruppe s first aerial victory to 12 October 1941 the intruder Gruppe claimed approximately 100 RAF aircraft destroyed additionally further aircraft were damaged as well as RAF ground targets attacked This came at the expense of 26 aircraft lost In October 1941 Hitler ordered the intruder operations stopped as he was skeptical of the results The unit was then ordered to Catania Sicily in the Mediterranean theater of operations 12 Struning however stayed at Gilze Rijen and was transferred to the Erganzungsjagdgruppe a supplementary unit of NJG 2 1 In November 1941 he was transferred to 7 NJG 2 With this unit Struning gained 15 victories until mid September 1942 He received the German Cross in Gold Deutsches Kreuz in Gold in July 1942 after his 19th claim In mid September 1942 he was promoted to Leutnant and awarded the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes in October 1942 Struning is then transferred to 2 NJG 1 in May 1943 Staffelkapitan and death edit nbsp Heinkel He 219Struning was promoted to Oberleutnant first lieutenant on 1 August 1943 13 On 15 August he was then appointed Staffelkapitan of 3 Staffel of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 NJG 1 1st Night Fighter Wing On 23 August 1943 Struning claimed a Lancaster shot down 20 km 12 mi east of Eindhoven 14 Struning coordinated the introduction of the new Heinkel He 219 Uhu With this aircraft Struning downed three bombers on the night of 31 August 1943 a Halifax 20 kilometers 12 miles west of Monchengladbach 15 On 22 June 1944 he shot down three RAF bombers Struning was awarded the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub on 20 July 1944 On 7 October Helmut Lent the Geschwaderkommodore of NJG 3 died of wounds sustained in a flying accident the day before Lent s state funeral was held in the Reich Chancellery Berlin on Wednesday 11 October 1944 Struning together with Oberstleutnant Hans Joachim Jabs Major Rudolf Schoenert Oberstleutnant Gunther Radusch Hauptmann Karl Hadeball and Hauptmann Paul Zorner formed the guard of honor 16 On 15 November Struning again participated in an guard of honor He and Leutnant Karl Schnorrer Oberst Gordon Gollob Major Georg Christl Major Rudolf Schoenert Major Josef Fozo formed the guard of honor at Walter Nowotny funeral at the Zentralfriedhof in Vienna Nowotny had been killed in action on 8 November 1944 The eulogy was delivered by Generaloberst Otto Dessloch 17 At about 6 pm on 24 December 1944 his Messerschmitt Bf 110 G 4 Werknummer 740 162 factory number G9 CT was shot down by 10 kill ace F L R D Doleman and F L D C Bunch of No 157 Squadron RAF in a de Havilland Mosquito Intruder while he tried to attack a Lancaster bomber over Cologne 18 He bailed out but struck the tail of his plane and fell to his death His body was found two months after his death 19 Struning was buried at the Ostfriedhof eastern cemetery in Westonnen in field X grave 14 20 Summary of career editAerial victory claims edit During his career Hauptmann Heinz Struning had made 280 combat missions 250 at night and claimed 56 victories at night including two Mosquitoes Foreman Parry and Mathews authors of Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939 1945 researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 56 nocturnal victory claims 21 Mathews and Foreman also published Luftwaffe Aces Biographies and Victory Claims listing Struning with 56 aerial victories claimed in 280 combat missions 22 Chronicle of aerial victoriesClaim Date Time Type Location Serial No Squadron No 1 Staffel of Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 8 1 23 November 1940 18 40 Wellington 50 km 31 mi west of Scheveningen 23 2 15 February 1941 09 15 Hudson 75 km 47 mi east of Great Yarmouth 10 3 15 February 1941 19 58 Wellington 65 km 40 mi east northeast of Southend on Sea 10 4 7 May 1941 02 08 Wellington Peterborough 24 Wellington R3227 No 11 Operational Training Unit RAF 25 5 9 May 1941 23 30 Wellington over the North Sea 24 6 5 July 1941 01 57 Wellington vicinity of Bircham Newton 26 7 19 August 1941 01 20 Blenheim vicinity of Grantham 27 8 19 August 1941 02 00 Blenheim vicinity of Grantham 27 9 13 October 1941 22 20 B 17 vicinity of Upwood 11 Erganzungsjagdgruppe of Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 22 10 26 January 1942 22 35 Whitley 28 11 29 April 1942 01 15 Boston 5 km 3 1 mi southeast of Noordschans 29 12 9 May 1942 01 02 Stirling 30 13 20 May 1942 00 56 Stirling 30 Stirling DJ977 No 218 Gold Coast Squadron RAF 31 14 31 May 1942 00 27 Boston 32 Manchester L7429 No 49 Conversion Flight RAF 33 15 2 June 1942 03 10 B 24 34 16 2 June 1942 03 25 Wellington 34 Stirling R9318 No 15 Squadron RAF 35 17 6 June 1942 03 35 Stirling 36 18 20 June 1942 03 27 Wellington 37 19 26 June 1942 01 13 B 24 38 8 Staffel of Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 39 20 22 July 1942 01 45 Halifax 14 km 8 7 mi south of Utrecht 40 21 26 July 1942 02 30 Wellington northeast of Amersfoort 41 22 30 July 1942 03 55 Wellington 42 23 10 September 1942 22 50 Wellington 12 km 7 5 mi northeast of Helmond 43 24 16 September 1942 23 34 Wellington 44 Stirling DF550 No 142 Squadron RAF 45 2 Staffel of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 39 25 14 May 1943 01 49 Halifax 10 km 6 2 mi north of Breskens 46 26 14 May 1943 02 26 Halifax 60 km 37 mi west of Walcheren 46 Halifax W7935 No 102 Squadron RAF 47 27 24 May 1943 02 14 Stirling 18 km 11 mi south of Utrecht 48 Stirling BK783 No 75 Squadron RAF 49 28 26 May 1943 02 33 Wellington Loosduinen 48 Wellington HE228 No 192 Squadron RAF 50 29 28 May 1943 01 54 Mosquito 15 km 9 3 mi southeast of Gouda 51 30 17 June 1943 02 06 Halifax 10 km 6 2 mi northwest of Euddorp 52 31 22 June 1943 02 02 Lancaster 53 Lancaster ED885 No 156 Squadron RAF 54 32 23 June 1943 02 39 Halifax 16 km 9 9 mi east of Utrecht 53 Halifax DT700 No 77 Squadron RAF 55 33 25 June 1943 02 49 Lancaster 30 km 19 mi west of Schouwen 56 Lancaster LM327 No 97 Squadron RAF 57 34 25 June 1943 02 56 Halifax 20 km 12 mi west northwest of Schouwen 56 Halifax JD250 No 51 Squadron RAF 58 35 25 June 1943 03 02 Stirling 25 km 16 mi west of Schouwen 56 Stirling BK628 No 90 Squadron RAF 59 3 Staffel of Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 39 36 14 July 1943 01 40 Halifax Venlo railway station 60 Halifax BB323 No 419 Squadron RCAF 61 37 23 August 1943 01 43 Lancaster 20 km 12 mi east of Eindhoven 14 Lancaster ED701 No 103 Squadron 62 38 31 August 1943 03 20 Halifax 20 km 12 mi west of Monchengladbach 15 Halifax LK894 No 434 Bluenose Squadron RCAF 63 39 31 August 1943 03 45 Halifax west of Monchengladbach 15 Stirling EH938 No 75 Squadron RAF 64 40 31 August 1943 03 45 Halifax 60 km 37 mi west southwest of Monchengladbach 15 Halifax HR739 No 158 Squadron RAF 65 41 1 September 1943 01 05 Halifax Brandenburg 66 42 25 March 1944 00 30 four engined bomber 230 from Dortmund 67 Lancaster LM471 No 576 Squadron RAF 68 43 11 May 1944 00 15 Lancaster 18 km 11 mi northeast of Bruges 69 Halifax LV985 No 427 Squadron RCAF 70 44 13 May 1944 00 48 Halifax 15 km 9 3 mi south southeast of Brussels 69 Halifax MZ629 No 431 Iroquois Squadron RCAF 71 45 22 May 1944 01 32 Lancaster north of Fessenhout 72 Lancaster LL951 No 460 Squadron RAAF 73 46 23 May 1944 01 14 Lancaster vicinity of Giessen 74 47 25 May 1944 00 47 Halifax vicinity of Leopoldsburg 75 Halifax HX352 No 429 Squadron RCAF 76 48 25 May 1944 01 15 Viermot Off Ostend 75 49 3 June 1944 00 36 Halifax Schouwen Island 77 50 6 June 1944 02 30 Mosquito Noord Brabant 77 Mosquito NS950 No 515 Squadron 78 51 17 June 1944 01 07 four engined bomber beacon Gorilla 79 Note 4 52 17 June 1944 01 13 four engined bomber beacon Gorilla 79 Note 4 53 22 June 1944 01 13 Lancaster Venlo 80 54 22 June 1944 01 17 B 17 vicinity of Maastricht 80 B 17 SR382 No 214 Squadron RAF 81 55 22 June 1944 02 30 four engined bomber beacon Hamster 82 Note 5 56 19 July 1944 01 55 Mosquito 50 km 31 mi west of Berlin 83 Mosquito MM136 No 571 Squadron RAF 84 Awards edit Iron Cross 1939 2nd Class 15 July 1940 85 1st Class 25 November 1940 85 Narvik Shield 30 January 1941 1 Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe on 12 June 1941 as Feldwebel in a Nachtjagdgeschwader 86 German Cross in Gold on 10 July 1942 as Oberfeldwebel in the Erganzungsstaffel Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 87 Wound Badge in Black 10 September 1943 13 Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe for Night Fighter in Gold with Pennant 31 May 1944 13 Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves Knight s Cross on 29 October 1942 as Leutnant of the Reserves and pilot in the 3 Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 88 Note 6 528th Oak Leaves on 20 July 1944 as Hauptmann of the Reserves and Staffelkapitan of the 3 Nachtjagdgeschwader 1 90 Note 7 Dates of rank edit 1 August 1940 Feldwebel Technical Sergeant 1 1 July 1941 Oberfeldwebel Master Sergeant 1 1 August 1942 Leutnant Second Lieutenant 1 1 August 1943 Oberleutnant First Lieutenant 13 1 April 1944 Hauptmann Captain 13 Notes edit For a list of Luftwaffe night fighter aces see List of German World War II night fighter aces Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1 A2 and B1 B2 referred to as A B flight training A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics navigation long distance flights and dead stick landings The B courses included high altitude flights instrument flights night landings and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations For pilots destined to fly multi engine aircraft the training was completed with the Luftwaffe Advanced Pilot s Certificate Erweiterter Luftwaffen Flugzeugfuhrerschein also known as the C Certificate 2 For an explanation of the meaning of Luftwaffe unit designation see Organisation of the Luftwaffe during World War II a b Beacon Gorilla At Schoonrewoerd in 51 55 N 5 6 E 51 917 N 5 100 E 51 917 5 100 Beacon Hamster At Oostkapelle Domburg in 51 35 N 3 32 E 51 583 N 3 533 E 51 583 3 533 According to Scherzer as Leutnant war officer and pilot in the 8 Nachtjagdgeschwader 2 89 According to Scherzer as Hauptmann war officer 89 References editCitations edit a b c d e f g h i j Stockert 2012 p 105 Bergstrom Antipov amp Sundin 2003 p 17 MacLean 2007 p 441 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 9 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 27 Hinchliffe 1998 p 39 Obermaier 1989 p 67 a b Mathews amp Foreman 2015 p 1289 Forsyth 2019 p 33 a b c Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 16 a b Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 32 Hinchliffe 1998 p 40 a b c d e Stockert 2012 p 106 a b Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 104 a b c d Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 108 Hinchliffe 2003 pp 266 267 Held 1998 p 157 Thomas amp Davey 2005 p 72 Bowman 2020 p 352 Stockert 2012 p 107 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 pp 12 202 a b Mathews amp Foreman 2015 pp 1289 1290 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 12 a b Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 20 Wellington R3227 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 24 a b Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 29 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 34 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 39 a b Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 40 Stirling DJ977 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 42 Manchester L7429 a b Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 43 Stirling R9318 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 44 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 46 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 47 a b c Mathews amp Foreman 2015 p 1290 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 50 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 51 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 52 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 58 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 59 Stirling DF550 a b Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 80 Halifax W7935 a b Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 82 Stirling BK783 Wellington HE228 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 83 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 87 a b Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 88 Lancaster ED885 Halifax DT700 a b c Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 90 Lancaster LM327 Halifax JD250 Stirling BK628 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 93 Halifax BB323 Lancaster ED701 Halifax LK894 Stirling EH938 Halifax HR739 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 110 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 159 Lancaster LM471 a b Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 176 Halifax LV985 Halifax MZ629 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 177 Lancaster LL951 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 178 a b Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 179 Halifax HX352 a b Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 181 Mosquito NS950 a b Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 188 a b Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 190 Bowman 2016 p 104 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 191 Foreman Parry amp Mathews 2004 p 202 Mosquito MM136 a b Thomas 1998 p 365 Patzwall 2008 p 201 Patzwall amp Scherzer 2001 p 466 Fellgiebel 2000 p 415 a b Scherzer 2007 p 732 Fellgiebel 2000 p 85 Bibliography edit Bergstrom Christer Antipov Vlad Sundin Claes 2003 Graf amp Grislawski A Pair of Aces Hamilton MT Eagle Editions ISBN 978 0 9721060 4 7 Bowman Martin 2016 German Night Fighters Versus Bomber Command 1943 1945 Barnsley South Yorkshire Pen and Sword Aviation ISBN 978 1 4738 4979 2 Bowman Martin 2020 Battle of Berlin Bomber Command over the Third Reich 1943 1945 Air Worlds ISBN 978 1 5267 8638 8 Fellgiebel Walther Peer in German 2000 1986 Die Trager des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 1945 Die Inhaber der hochsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile The Bearers of the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 1945 The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches in German Friedberg Germany Podzun Pallas ISBN 978 3 7909 0284 6 Forsyth Robert 2019 Ju 88 Aces of World War 2 Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN 978 1 4728 2922 1 Foreman John Parry Simon Mathews Johannes 2004 Luftwaffe Night Fighter Claims 1939 1945 Walton on Thames Red Kite ISBN 978 0 9538061 4 0 Held Werner 1998 Der Jagdflieger Walter Nowotny Bilder und Dokumente The Fighter Pilot Walter Nowotny Images and Documents in German Stuttgart Germany Motorbuch Verlag ISBN 978 3 87943 979 9 Hinchliffe Peter 1998 Luftkrieg bei Nacht 1939 1945 Air War at Night 1939 1945 in German Stuttgart Germany Motorbuch Verlag ISBN 978 3 613 01861 7 Hinchliffe Peter 2003 The Lent Papers Helmut Lent Bristol UK Cerberus Publishing ISBN 978 1 84145 105 3 MacLean French L 2007 Luftwaffe Efficiency amp Promotion Reports For the Knight s Cross Winners Vol Two Atglen Pennsylvania Schiffer Military History ISBN 978 0 7643 2658 5 Mathews Andrew Johannes Foreman John 2015 Luftwaffe Aces Biographies and Victory Claims Volume 4 S Z Walton on Thames Red Kite ISBN 978 1 906592 21 9 Obermaier Ernst 1989 Die Ritterkreuztrager der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 1945 The Knight s Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 1945 in German Mainz Germany Verlag Dieter Hoffmann ISBN 978 3 87341 065 7 Patzwall Klaus D Scherzer Veit 2001 Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II The German Cross 1941 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2 in German Norderstedt Germany Verlag Klaus D Patzwall ISBN 978 3 931533 45 8 Patzwall Klaus D 2008 Der Ehrenpokal fur besondere Leistung im Luftkrieg The Honor Goblet for Outstanding Achievement in the Air War in German Norderstedt Germany Verlag Klaus D Patzwall ISBN 978 3 931533 08 3 Scherzer Veit 2007 Die Ritterkreuztrager 1939 1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer Luftwaffe Kriegsmarine Waffen SS Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbundeter Streitkrafte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives The Knight s Cross Bearers 1939 1945 The Holders of the Knight s Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army Air Force Navy Waffen SS Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives in German Jena Germany Scherzers Militaer Verlag ISBN 978 3 938845 17 2 Stockert Peter 2012 Die Eichenlaubtrager 1939 1945 Band 6 The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939 1945 Volume 6 in German 3rd ed Bad Friedrichshall Germany Friedrichshaller Rundblick OCLC 76072662 Thomas Andrew Davey Chris 2005 Mosquito Aces of World War 2 Osprey Publishing ISBN 1 84176 878 2 Thomas Franz 1998 Die Eichenlaubtrager 1939 1945 Band 2 L Z The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939 1945 Volume 2 L Z in German Osnabruck Germany Biblio Verlag ISBN 978 3 7648 2300 9 Accident description for Halifax BB323 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 April 2022 Accident description for Halifax DT700 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 April 2022 Accident description for Halifax HR739 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 April 2022 Accident description for Halifax HX352 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 April 2022 Accident description for Halifax JD250 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 April 2022 Accident description for Halifax LK894 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 April 2022 Accident description for Halifax LV985 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 April 2022 Accident description for Halifax MZ629 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 April 2022 Accident description for Halifax W7935 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 April 2022 Accident description for Lancaster ED701 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 April 2022 Accident description for Lancaster ED885 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 April 2022 Accident description for Lancaster LL951 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 April 2022 Accident description for Lancaster LM327 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 April 2022 Accident description for Lancaster LM471 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 April 2022 Accident description for Manchester L7429 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 April 2022 Accident description for Mosquito MM136 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 April 2022 Accident description for Mosquito NS950 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 April 2022 Accident description for Stirling BK628 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 April 2022 Accident description for Stirling BK783 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 April 2022 Accident description for Stirling DF550 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 April 2022 Accident description for Stirling DJ977 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 April 2022 Accident description for Stirling EH938 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 26 September 2022 Accident description for Stirling R9318 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 April 2022 Accident description for Wellington HE228 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 April 2022 Accident description for Wellington R3227 at the Aviation Safety Network Retrieved on 12 April 2022 Portals nbsp Aviation nbsp Biography nbsp Military of Germany nbsp World War IIHeinz Struning at Wikipedia s sister projects nbsp Media from Commons Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Heinz Struning amp oldid 1168392422, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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