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Grantham

May 07, 2023

For other uses, see Grantham (disambiguation).

Grantham (/ˈɡrænθəm/) is a market and industrial town in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England, situated on the banks of the River Witham and bounded to the west by the A1 road. It lies some 23 miles (37 km) south of Lincoln and 22 miles (35 km) east of Nottingham. The population in 2016 was put at 44,580.[1] The town is the largest settlement and the administrative centre of South Kesteven District.

Grantham
Clockwise from top:Market Place, Grantham Guildhall and statue of Sir Isaac Newton, Vine Street, skyline of Grantham, St Wulfram's Church and Bridge End Road with the River Witham passing through
Grantham
Location within Lincolnshire
Population44,580 (ONS, 2016)
OS grid referenceSK9136
• London100 mi (160 km) S
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townGRANTHAM
Postcode districtNG31–NG33
Dialling code01476
PoliceLincolnshire
FireLincolnshire
AmbulanceEast Midlands
UK Parliament
WebsiteVisit Grantham, South Kesteven District Council
List of places
UK
England
Lincolnshire
52°55′05″N 0°38′17″W / 52.918°N 0.638°W / 52.918; -0.638Coordinates: 52°55′05″N 0°38′17″W / 52.918°N 0.638°W / 52.918; -0.638

Grantham was the birthplace of the UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. Isaac Newton was educated at the King's School. The town was the workplace of the UK's first warranted female police officer, Edith Smith in 1914. The UK's first running diesel engine was made there in 1892 and the first tractor in 1896.[citation needed] Thomas Paine worked there as an excise officer in the 1760s.[2] The villages of Manthorpe, Great Gonerby, Barrowby, Londonthorpe and Harlaxton form outlying suburbs of the town.

Etymology

Grantham's name is first attested in the Domesday Book (1086); its origin is not known with certainty. The ending -hām is Old English and means "homestead". The first part of the name may either be the personal name Granta or derive from the Old English word Grand (gravel), implying either "Granta's homestead" or "homestead by gravel".[3] In the early 20th century, the town's name was still pronounced Grant-m or Grahnt-m; but as people moved more frequently and became more literate, they began to derive the place name from its spelling and the pronunciation shifted to Granthum (the t and h becoming a th phoneme). This was already becoming common in 1920,[4] and the later pronunciation is now the norm.[5][n 1]

Geography

 
Grantham and surrounding settlements, roads, railways and watercourses. The urban area is in grey; areas over 100m in elevation are shaded beige.

Grantham is a town in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, a non-metropolitan county in the East Midlands of England.[7] Until 1974 it was a borough,[8] but it is now unparished and bounded by the civil parishes of Great Gonerby to the north-west, Belton and Manthorpe to the north, Londonthorpe and Harrowby Without to the north-east and east, Little Ponton and Stroxton to the south, Harlaxton to the south-west, and Barrowby to the west. Its urban area is almost entirely within the unparished area,[7] though The Spinney housing estate, Alma Park industrial estate and part of the Bridge End Road housing estate are in Londonthorpe and Harrowby Without.[9]

Topography and geology

The town lies in the valley of the River Witham, its core at the Witham's confluence with the Mowbeck (or Mow Beck).[10] The Witham flows south–north through Grantham.[11] The Mowbeck, which rises from springs at Harlaxton about 3 miles (4.8 km) to the south-west of the town,[12] is culverted behind Westgate and Brook Street[10] until it joins the Witham at White Bridge.[13]

The floor of the Witham valley – 50–60 m above sea level in the town centre – is underlain by mudstone of the Charmouth formation of the Lower Jurassic period (199–183 million years ago). This formation is overlain by Belton sand and gravel laid down in estuaries and rivers in the Quaternary period up to 3 million years ago. The river courses are overlain by Quaternary alluvium and to the north by river terrace deposits.[14] The soil around the route of the Witham is wet, acidic, sandy and loamy; its fertility is poor.[15]

As the ground rises on the town's eastern and southern fringes, it is underlain by Jurassic Marlstone rocks of ferruginous sandstone and ironstone formed 190–174 million years ago, and then by Whitby Mudstone of 174–183 million years ago. The land rises sharply to form the Lincoln Cliff that marks the edge of the urban area and start of the Lincoln Heath and Kesteven Uplands, which are capped by Jurassic Oolitic Limestone,[14][16][17] mostly overlain by shallow, free-draining, lime-rich soils.[15]

To the west, the town is near the edge of the low-lying Vale of Belvoir[18] but fringed by an escarpment[19] rising in places to over 100 m to form the hills on which sit Barrowby, Great Gonerby, the Green Hill and Earlesfield suburban areas and the business parks off Trent Road. These hills are of siltstone and mudstone of the Jurassic Dyrham Formation, which line the edges of the Witham and Mowbeck valleys and the shallow valley of Barrowby Stream. At its highest the scarp is capped by Jurassic ferruginous sandstone and ironstone rocks of the Marlstone formation. There are some head deposits and pleistocene glaciofluvial deposits of sand and gravel east of Barrowby.[14] The soil in the lower areas is slowly permeable, seasonally wet and slightly acidic, though base-rich. On higher ground it tends to be slightly acidic and base-rich, but freely draining and highly fertile.[15]

Grantham Canal, which opened in 1797,[20] closely follows the route of the Mowbeck from Echo Farm into the town. West of there it cuts through a valley north of Harlaxton into the Vale of Belvoir, eventually reaching West Bridgford near Nottingham.[21]

Urban area

 
Map of Grantham town centre. London Road, Wharf Road, Sankt Augustin Way and Barrowby Road form the A52. Harlaxton Road is the A607.

The historical core of Grantham is bounded by Westgate, Brook Street and Castlegate, and includes the High Street down to St Peter's Hill. This is the town's main retail and commercial area. It includes many historic buildings. Between Westgate and the A52 to the west are postwar retail buildings and blocks of flats. North of it is 18th, 19th and 20th-century suburban housing focused on North Parade, which include villas and terraced housing.[22] Further north, off Gonerby Road and Manthorpe Road (A607), these give way to large, low-density, suburban, privately owned housing on estates mostly built in the 1970s and 1980s. Those at the base of Gonerby Hill are known as Gonerby Hill Foot and lie west of the railway line, to the east of which developments are contiguous with the historical core of Manthorpe village.[23][n 2]

South of the town centre, suburban housing takes the form of late-Victorian and Edwardian brick, terraced and villa houses in grid-plan layouts, initially built for industrial workers and now largely owned or let privately.[25] Alongside some housing in Harlaxton Road (A607), most of these streets cluster round the railway station and nearby retail and industrial units in an area known as Spittlegate (also spelled Spitalgate or Spittalgate), the town cemetery – an area called New Somerby in older maps – and the Wharf Road, London Road and Bridge End Road stretches of the A52.[21][26][27] Further south-east, low-density, mostly privately owned, suburban housing estates of the 1970s and 1980s cluster round the A52, marking the edge of the town's urban area.[28] Further east, off the A52, are the Prince William of Gloucester Barracks.[21]

The north-east fringe of the urban area is marked by 20th-century development. An exception is a piece of land east of the Witham and north of Stonebridge Road that includes schools and colleges and portions of a 19th-century barracks complex south of greenspace, including Wyndham Park. Otherwise the area between the Witham, Belton Lane, Londonthorpe Lane and the Lincoln Cliff has suburban housing, mostly privately owned with some let by housing associations. It includes part of the Harrowby Estate, begun in 1928 as council housing). The part round Belton Lane and Harrowby Lane is a low-density mix of pre-First World War, interwar and postwar houses; the remainder of the large estate and the Cherry Orchard Estate appeared in the immediate postwar period in medium density, on a layout inspired by the Garden City movement. South of Londonthorpe Lane and north-east of the other estates are medium and high-density housing areas dating largely from the 1970s to the early 21st century;[29][30] The northernmost, known as The Spinney or Sunningdale,[9] adjoins the post-war Alma Park industrial estate off Londonthorpe Lane.[31]

The town's western fringe sits between the railway line, the A1 bypass and the Kesteven Uplands. North of the canal are large, varied developments mostly from the 20th century, including the Earlesfield estate, begun as a council estate in the 1920s and expanded in the postwar period, industrial estates, and a leisure centre complex, all south of Barrowby Stream, by the expansive 1980s estate on Green Hill, the Edwardian and Victorian villas lining Barrowby Road, and the large 1980s and 1990s estate to its north. Most of this is privately owned, but some is let by housing associations. The canal basin is lined with industrial, warehouse, retail and office buildings that continue up to Dysart Road. South of them are Harlaxton Road (A607) and Springfield Road, round which separate residential developments have been built, including inter-war homes in Huntingtower Road, a 21st-century estate centred on Hudson Way, post-war social housing at Walton Gardens, post-war housing Denton Avenue, and late-20th-century developments at Harris Way.[30][32]

Climate

The British Isles experience a temperate, maritime climate with warm summers and cool winters.[33] Data from the weather station nearest to Grantham, at Cranwell, 10 miles (16 km) away, shows an average daily mean temperature of 9.8 °C (49.6 °F) fluctuates from a peak of 16.9 °C (62.4 °F) in July to 3.9 °C (39.0 °F) in January. The average high temperature is 13.7 °C (56.7 °F), though monthly averages vary from 6.7 °C (44.1 °F) in January and December to 21.8 °C (71.2 °F) in July; the average low is 5.9 °C (42.6 °F), reaching lowest in February at 0.8 °C (33.4 °F) and highest in July and August at 12.0 °C (53.6 °F).[34]

Climate data for Cranwell
WMO ID: 03379; coordinates 53°01′52″N 0°30′13″W / 53.03117°N 0.50348°W / 53.03117; -0.50348 (Met Office Cranwell); elevation: 62 m (203 ft); 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1930–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 15.0
(59.0) 		18.3
(64.9) 		23.2
(73.8) 		26.3
(79.3) 		30.6
(87.1) 		32.9
(91.2) 		39.9
(103.8) 		35.2
(95.4) 		30.0
(86.0) 		28.6
(83.5) 		18.9
(66.0) 		15.7
(60.3) 		39.9
(103.8)
Average high °C (°F) 7.0
(44.6) 		7.8
(46.0) 		10.4
(50.7) 		13.4
(56.1) 		16.5
(61.7) 		19.4
(66.9) 		22.1
(71.8) 		21.8
(71.2) 		18.6
(65.5) 		14.3
(57.7) 		9.9
(49.8) 		7.2
(45.0) 		14.1
(57.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.1
(39.4) 		4.6
(40.3) 		6.5
(43.7) 		8.9
(48.0) 		11.8
(53.2) 		14.8
(58.6) 		17.2
(63.0) 		17.0
(62.6) 		14.3
(57.7) 		10.8
(51.4) 		6.9
(44.4) 		4.4
(39.9) 		10.1
(50.2)
Average low °C (°F) 1.3
(34.3) 		1.3
(34.3) 		2.6
(36.7) 		4.5
(40.1) 		7.2
(45.0) 		10.2
(50.4) 		12.2
(54.0) 		12.2
(54.0) 		10.1
(50.2) 		7.2
(45.0) 		3.9
(39.0) 		1.6
(34.9) 		6.2
(43.2)
Record low °C (°F) −15.7
(3.7) 		−13.9
(7.0) 		−11.1
(12.0) 		−4.8
(23.4) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		0.0
(32.0) 		4.5
(40.1) 		3.3
(37.9) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		−4.4
(24.1) 		−8.0
(17.6) 		−11.2
(11.8) 		−15.7
(3.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 48.1
(1.89) 		38.4
(1.51) 		36.3
(1.43) 		44.6
(1.76) 		48.4
(1.91) 		59.8
(2.35) 		53.5
(2.11) 		59.5
(2.34) 		50.5
(1.99) 		62.4
(2.46) 		56.6
(2.23) 		54.6
(2.15) 		612.6
(24.12)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 10.9 9.5 9.3 9.0 8.6 9.4 9.1 9.6 8.7 10.3 11.3 11.0 116.7
Mean monthly sunshine hours 65.1 83.7 124.2 163.0 209.2 191.6 202.2 187.6 151.1 113.6 74.4 65.6 1,631.3
Source 1: Met Office[34]
Source 2: Starlings Roost Weather[35][36]


Prehistory

Much of Grantham's early archaeology lies buried beneath the modern town, making it "difficult to unravel".[10] Early prehistoric hunter-gatherers visited the area. Scattered Stone Age tools have been found, the earliest being a Palaeolithic axe on the Cherry Orchard Estate, dating between 40,000 and 150,000 years ago. The next earliest material consist of Mesolithic flints crafted 4,000 to 8,000 years ago and found round Gonerby Hill and the riverside in the south of the town. Neolithic people probably settled in the Grantham area for its proximity to the rivers and its fertile soils; material suggesting settlement in this period has been found at Great Ponton. Other scattered finds have been unearthed around the town. Remains of a Neolithic ritual site on the parish boundary between Harlaxton and Grantham are known from aerial photography. Bronze Age artefacts include pottery vessels, with human remains found in Little Gonerby, a Beaker pot, Beaker pottery sherds, cinerary urns and a food vessel, and a later cemetery at Belton Lane, but there is little direct evidence of Bronze Age settlement in the area of the modern town. Little is known about it in the Iron Age, though ditched enclosures and a field system of this date are known to lie off Gorse Lane.[37]

Various Romano-British coins and pottery finds have emerged in Grantham;[38] a burial and pottery from the 2nd century AD were uncovered off Trent Road in 1981. Small settlements or farmsteads from the period have been discerned on the hills overlooking Grantham from the east, and another has been found in Barrowby. There were probably Romano-British farmsteads on the site of the modern town,[39] but the wet soils round the Mowbeck and flooding by the Witham probably made it hard for a larger settlement to grow there.[38] Three kilometres to the south of the modern town, an important Roman site has been found at Saltersford, a crossing of the River Witham near Little Ponton. Extensive finds and evidence of a significant Romano-British occupation have emerged in the vicinity since the 19th century; it has been tentatively identified by some scholars as Causennae, mentioned in the Antonine Itinerary, and sat at the place where River Witham was crossed by the Salter's Way, a trade route connecting the salt-producing coastal and marshland regions with the Midlands. Salter's Way may also have crossed Ermine Street (now B6403) at Cold Harbour, 4 km south-east of Grantham. Saltersford may have been a small town with a market for local farmsteads and smaller settlements.[40][41]

Medieval town

Origins

The local historian Michael Honeybone has "no doubt that the town of Grantham was established during [Anglo-]Saxon times"; its name suggests it emerged in the earliest phase of Anglo-Saxon settlement, probably by the 7th century.[38] The archaeological evidence for this is limited to finds indicating cemeteries at the sites of the Central School in Manthorpe and the junction of Bridge End Road and London Road in the town, and to small quantities of pottery sherds found on London Road, Belton Lane, Saltersford, New Somerby and Barrowby.[42]

The town's Saxon-period history is obscure and debated.[43] The medievalist Sir Frank Stenton argued that Grantham probably emerged as an "important estate centre" before the Viking invasions in the 9th century and then functioned as a "minor local capital" in the Danelaw.[44] By contrast, the historian David Roffe has argued that the town and its outlying soke were established in the 1040s or 1050s by Queen Edith and Leofric, Earl of Mercia, to strengthen their hands in the county at the expense of Siward, Earl of Northumbria. They may have also created St Wulfram's Church either as a new place of worship or as one revived from a possible earlier cell of Crowland Abbey. Roffe argues that Siward's death in 1055 made Grantham's new role less important; as such, its soke only grew to its full extent after the Norman Conquest of England, when the king merged it with the soke of Great Ponton.[45] Whatever its origins, by the time of the Domesday Book (1086, the earliest documentary evidence for the settlement), Grantham was a town and royal manor; under its jurisdiction fell soke comprising lands in 16 villages. St Wulfram's served this extended parish area.[43]

Royal manor

Grantham's Domesday entries show it as an estate centre, where Queen Edith had a hall before 1066. Twenty years later, the king had the manor; there were four mills and eight acres of meadow, but no arable land. The demesne appears to have been land now known as Earlesfield in Great Gonerby. There were 111 burgesses and 72 bordars, possibly labourers or craftsmen, indicating that Grantham was both a manor and a borough where the lord retained exclusive rights.[46][n 3] It was a valuable asset, used by the king to reward loyal followers.[48] By 1129, the manor and soke had been granted to Rabel de Tancarville, the king's chamberlain in Normandy. He sided against King Stephen during The Anarchy (1135–1154) and his lands were probably forfeited on his death in 1140, although restored to his son William and confirmed in the early 1180s.[49] The king retook the manor after William's heir Ralph de Tancarville failed to support him in Normandy.[48]

In 1205, the king granted it to his ally William de Warenne, 5th Earl of Surrey. It was held as a life interest and reverted to the Crown on his widow's death in 1249, but regranted to his son the 6th earl in 1266. On his death in 1304 it reverted to the crown and was soon granted to Aymer de Valence, but had been regranted to Warenne's grandson, the 7th earl, by 1312. Four years later it was resettled on the 7th earl for life with reversion to the crown. William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton was granted the reversion in 1337 and took seisin ten years later. After his death, it reverted again to the Crown and in 1363 Edward II granted it to his son Edmund of Langley, Duke of York, through whose heirs it passed to Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York,[50] a major figure in the Wars of the Roses and rival of Henry VI. After Richard's death in 1460, Henry's Queen Margaret of Anjou attacked Grantham in 1461, but later that year was defeated by Richard's son Edward, who took the throne as Edward IV. Two years later, Grantham was rewarded for loyalty to the Yorkist cause when the king granted the borough a charter of incorporation, as a self-governing council – the Corporation of Grantham headed by an Alderman – with various freedoms.[51][n 4]

Economy and government

 
Watercolour and graphite painting of Grantham Church by J. M. W. Turner (1797)

Its lords encouraged Grantham to expand as a commercial centre.[58] By the late 11th century it was an "important market town".[59] The wool trade prospered, benefiting from its proximity to grazing lands on the Lincoln Heath. This wealth contributed towards the building of St Wulfram's Church.[60] Wool shops were in Grantham in 1218[60] and Walkergate (now Watergate) was recorded in 1257, indicating the presence of fullers (walkers), who played a role in processing wool. Cloth manufacture declined around this time, but wool continued to be produced for trading, primarily for export from Boston. Wool merchants are recorded from the town in the late 13th century (foremost being was Roger de Belvoir, who contributed over £296 to the Wool Prize of 1297). By this time merchants from Italy,[61] Saint-Omer and Amiens were active in the town.[62]

In 1269, the earl granted the town free tronage – the right to weigh wool without paying a toll. Less than 30 years later, its merchants were asked to send a representative to counsel the king.[58] The wool trade boomed in the early 14th century; the town's merchants traded at least 980 sacks of wool at Boston during Edward II's reign, half from the de Chesterton family.[63] In 1312, the earl granted the burgesses various freedoms and the right to elect a leader (the Alderman), codifying a longstanding informal arrangement.[64] Later in the century the king sought to raise revenues by taxing the wool trade; some Grantham merchants, including the wealthy Roger de Wollesthorpe, acted as creditors to the king.[65]

England's falling population, continued taxation of wool exports and the growth of cloth exports and monopolisation led to the wool trade declining by the mid-15th century.[66] Cloth exports became more important nationally. Grantham had a small cloth industry, but it could not compete with new fulling mills, which required fast-flowing water.[67] Its merchants continued to trade in wool and it remained a dominant aspect of the town's economy.[65] Other industries also existed during the Middle Ages; there is evidence of wine trading, brewing, parchment making, weaving and other trades and crafts.[67]

The bridging of the River Trent at Newark by the late 12th century realigned the Great North Road so that it passed through Grantham,[68] bringing traffic to the town as an important stopping place and leading to the development of inns such as The George and The Angel.[69] By the 16th century, the economy was diverse. The largest sector was the leather trade, employing a quarter of the known workforce; distribution, food, drink and agricultural trades were also important. By that time, clothing and textiles each accounted for less than 10 per cent of the town's workers.[70]

Modern history

19th and 20th centuries

The Lincoln Theatre Company of actors took a 21-year lease on the theatre in 1800.[71]

The town developed when the railway came. The Nottingham Line (LNER) arrived first in 1850, then the London line (GNR) – the Towns Line from Peterborough to Retford – arrived in 1852. The Boston, Sleaford and Midland Counties Railway arrived in 1857.[72][73][74][75]

Gas lighting appeared in 1833. The corporation became a borough council in 1835. Little Gonerby and Spittlegate were added to the borough in 1879. The town had been in the wapentake of Loveden and included three townships of Manthorpe with Little Gonerby, Harrowby and Spittlegate with Houghton and Walton.[75][76][77]

Grantham Golf Club, now defunct, was founded in 1894 and continued until the onset of the Second World War.[78]

Until the 1970s, the housing estates west of the town centre were green fields. Green Hill, on the A52, was literally a green hill.[75][77] In July 1975 the National Association of Ratepayers' Action Groups (NARAG) was formed in Grantham by John Wilks, its chairman, as a forerunner of the TaxPayers' Alliance.[citation needed]

Military history

 
Army barracks, next to the A52, east of the town

The town has a long military history since the completion of the Old Barracks in 1858.[79]

Dambusters

During the Dambuster Raids Royal Air Force missions in May 1943, the RAF Bomber Command's No. 5 Group and operation HQ were in St Vincents,[80] a building later owned by Aveling-Barford and housing a district council planning department. It was built by Richard Hornsby in 1865 and lived in by his son. It is now a private house. In 1944 (including D-Day), it was the headquarters for the USAAF's Ninth Air Force's IX Troop Carrier Command, known as Grantham Lodge.[81]

RAF Spitalgate

RAF Spitalgate trained pilots during both world wars, initially as a Royal Flying Corps establishment. It was the first military airfield in Lincolnshire. It has never been an operational fighter or bomber base; although it did see operational service during the 1943 invasion of Europe as a base for American and Polish gliders and parachutists. It officially closed in 1974. The Women's Royal Air Force had been there from 1960 until closure.[82] (as RAF Wilmslow was closing due to the imminent ending of National Service), and moved to RAF Hereford (now the home of SAS).[citation needed]

After closure, RAF Spitalgate became the Royal Corps of Transport, later Royal Logistic Corps barracks: Prince William of Gloucester Barracks, named after Prince William of Gloucester.[82][83] Grantham College used the site's two football pitches for their South Lincolnshire Football Development Centre (from September 2004).[84] After closure in 1975 a vehicle test centre was built on the outfield; this closed in 2011.[85][86] The large mast on the base was part of the BT microwave network.[87]

The Queen's Royal Lancers (part of the Royal Armoured Corps) have their RHQ on the base.

RAF Regiment

The RAF Regiment was formed north-east of the town in parts of Londonthorpe and Harrowby Without during December 1941 with its headquarters at RAF Belton Park, which is recognised as its birthplace.[88] The Belton Park estate had been a training centre for the Machine Gun Corps from November 1915.[89]

The RAF Regiment reached in excess of 66,000 personnel and during training was housed at RAF Belton Park, the Regiment's first depot, RAF Folkingham and RAF North Witham.

Women's police force

Grantham was first after London to recruit and train women police officers. It was the first provincial force to ask the newly formed Corps of Women's Police Volunteers to supply them with occasional policewomen, recognising them as useful for dealing with women and juveniles. In December 1914 Miss Damer Dawson, the Chief of the Corps, came to Grantham to supervise the preliminary work of the women police. Officers stationed there were Miss Allen and Miss Harburn.[90] In 1915, Grantham magistrates swore in Edith Smith, making her the first policewoman in Britain with full powers of arrest.[91]

Industrial history

Richard Hornsby & Sons

Richard Hornsby and Richard Seaman founded Seaman & Hornsby, Iron Founders and Millwrights, at Spittlegate in Grantham in 1810. The company was renamed Richard Hornsby & Sons when Seaman retired in 1828.[92] Products included ploughs and seed drills.

From 1840 until 1906 the company built steam engines. Thereafter production shifted to oil, petrol and gas engines. It employed 378 men in 1878 and 3,500 in 1914.[93]

In 1905 Richard Hornsby & Sons invented a caterpillar track for a machine using Hornsby's oil engines; these engines were developed by Yorkshireman Herbert Akroyd Stuart, from which compression-ignition principle the diesel engine evolved, being manufactured in Grantham from 8 July 1892.[94] Although such engines were not wholly compression-ignition derived, in 1892 a prototype high-pressure version was built at Hornsby's, developed by Thomas Henry Barton OBE – later to found Nottingham's Barton Transport – whereby ignition was achieved solely through compression; it ran continuously for six hours as the first known diesel engine. In the town, Hornsby's built Elsham House, whose grounds became Grantham College) and the Shirley Croft. Its site in Houghton Road was bought from Lord Dysart.[citation needed]

 
Hornsby oil engine at the Museum of Lincolnshire Life

In 1910 Hornsby presented its chain-track vehicle to the British Army, which then bought four caterpillar tractors to tow artillery. At the demonstration, a British transport officer suggested putting armour plating and a gun on a Hornsby tractor, so creating some sort of self-propelled gun. David Roberts, managing director of Hornsby, did not pursue the idea, but later expressed regret at not having done so. Four years later, Hornsby sold the patent for its caterpillar track to the Holt Manufacturing Company of California, USA, for $8,000, having itself sold only one caterpillar tractor commercially.[95] The Holt system was superior to Hornsby's, but the Hornsby transmission was what Holt really wanted. Thanks in part to this acquisition, Holt eventually became the successful Caterpillar Inc. Tractor Company. In 1918, Hornsby's amalgamated with Rustons as Ruston & Hornsby. In the 1920s the company had its own orchestra in the town; the site was a diesel engine plant. During the Second World War, the company made tanks such as the Matilda at the Grantham factory. Ruston and Hornsby left in 1963 and most of the factory was taken over by a subsidiary, Alfred Wiseman Gears, which itself left in 1968.[citation needed]

 
Scale model of Hornsby 1910 steam caterpillar tractor

Barford's

The agricultural engine and steamroller manufacturer Aveling and Porter of Rochester, Kent, merged with Barford & Perkins of Peterborough as Aveling-Barford Ltd in 1934, largely with financial help from Ruston & Hornsby, as both firms had entered into administration. The new company took a former site of Hornsbys, naming it the Invicta works, from the motto on the coat of arms of Kent, which translates as "unconquered"; all Aveling & Porter machinery was brought from Kent by rail.[citation needed]

During the 1970s Barford's was the town's largest employer, with around 2,000 employees.[96] It initially prospered, but declined with the sinking market for large dumper trucks and road rollers. In 1947, its agricultural division, Barfords of Belton, developed the world's smallest tractor, the Barford Atom, weighing 177 pounds (80 kilograms).[citation needed]

Now Barford Construction Equipment, it makes dumpers for construction sites, being owned by Wordsworth Holdings PLC, owned in turn by the entrepreneur Duncan Wordsworth until it went into administration in March 2010. A restructuring package resulted in ownership transferring to Bowdon Investment Group in May 2010. It is now known as Invictas Engineering.

A trailer company, Crane-Fruehauf, moved into part of the factory from its former home at Dereham, when it went into receivership in early 2005.

BMARC

British Manufacture and Research Company (British Marc Ltd or BMARC), in Springfield Road, made munitions, notably the Hispano cannon for the Spitfire and Hurricane from 1937 onwards. It was owned by the Swiss Oerlikon from 1971 until 1988, becoming part of Astra Holdings plc. The firm was bought by British Aerospace in 1992, which then closed the site. It has now been developed as a housing estate. The site's former offices are now business units for the Springfield Business Centre. Grantham's register office moved there in 2007.[citation needed]

Former developments

In 1968 Reads of Liverpool built a canning factory in Springfield Road to serve Melton Mowbray, becoming American Can, then Pechiney (French) in 1988, then Impress (Dutch). It closed in 2006 and was demolished in 2007 to make way for a housing estate. Ransome & Marles Bearing had a ball bearing factory in the town until 1957, when production was moved to Newark.

Mowbray and Co Ltd, a brewery, was bought by J. W. Green of Luton. It was founded in September 1828 and became a public company in 1880. It closed in 1967.

Economy

The food industry, together with Grantham Hospital, is currently the largest Grantham employer.[97] Poultry production company Moy Park (formerly Padleys) is at Gonerby Hill Foot; GW Padley bought the site in 1977 from Wolsey, a former garment manufacturer. It acts as a poultry hatchery.[citation needed] Moy Park are owned by Marfrig of São Paulo, with Marfrig's European headquarters at Preston Deanery in Hackleton, Northamptonshire. Aviagen Turkeys also has a poultry hatchery further along the B1174 at Gonerby Moor. Brake Bros Ltd has a depot near the Gonerby Moor service station, off B1174.[98]

Fenland Foods (part of Northern Foods) on the Earlesfield Industrial Estate, closed in September 2008 after losing business with Marks and Spencer, its sole customer.[99] On Ellesmere Business park is Väderstad-Verken UK, its parent company based in Väderstad in Sweden and Tecknit Europe (makers of electromagnetic shielding equipment), owned from 2006 by Parker Hannifin based in Cranford, New Jersey.[100][101]

At Easton, 7 miles (11 kilometres) south of Grantham, are two large facilities. One is Norbert Dentressangle, which bought Christian Salvesen plc in November 2007 and maintains the frozen storage and distribution operation which has been at the site since the late 1960s.[citation needed] The other is McCain Foods, which purchased Potato and Allied Services (PAS) in 1991, which had run a potato processing factory on the site since the early 1970s; it has since been extended.[citation needed] There was a third large frozen vegetable processing factory owned and operated by Christian Salvesen; it was sold to Pinguin Foods in August 2007,[102] which closed the facility in December 2008.[103]

 
The 46 acres (19 ha) of Spittlegate Level (B1174 – the former A1) south of the town, home of many local companies and the former Corus Service Centre, which was developed in 1973

GBS has been based in Grantham since May 1975, when known as Chatto, Bodley Head & Cape Services. Chatto & Windus had merged with Jonathan Cape in 1969. The former site was officially opened on 23 September 1975 by Michael Foot MP.[citation needed] Random House was formed in 1987 from a combination of book companies, and in 1990 the site became known as Grantham Book Services.[citation needed] The company won an award in 1992 from the British Book Awards.[104] Next door to GBS and a Gala Bingo is Cathodic Protection, which with BGB Innovation won The Queen's Award for Enterprise: International Trade (Export) in 2009.

According to Super Output Area data from the ONS, the least socially deprived area in Lincolnshire is the ward of Stamford St John's; Grantham's least deprived ward (SKDC) is in the north-east of the town near the former Central School.[105]

Hotels

Conference and hospitality facilities in the Grantham area include the Olde Barn Hotel in Marston, the Q-Hotel group Belton Woods Hotel, the Urban Leisure Hotel and various golf clubs.[citation needed] Stoke Rochford Hall won the Les Routiers Wedding Venue of the Year in 2011.[106] The Griffin Inn at Irnham won the 2012 Les Routiers B&B of the Year Award.[107][108] The Eden House Hotel is a historic building built as a mansion in about 1850.

Angel and Royal

Main article: Angel and Royal
 
The sign of the Angel and Royal
 
The Angel and Royal in 1836

The Angel and Royal in the High Street is widely regarded as the oldest surviving English inn. The façade of the main building as it appears today was built about 600 years ago, but the site had already held an inn for 200 years. It was originally a hostel for the Knights Templar. King John is reputed to have visited with his Royal Court in 1213. The inn was extended in the mid-14th century and again in the 15th century.

A visit by Richard III was the origin of the gold emblem angel holding the King's crown over the original archway. In 1483 Richard held court and it was from the "Chambre de' Roi", that he dispatched a letter bidding for the Great Seal to proclaim the treachery of his cousin, the Duke of Buckingham, leading to the signature of Buckingham's death warrant. Copies of the letter, the original of which is kept by the British Museum, are displayed adjacent to the Richard III lounge and the King's Room Restaurant.

King Charles I made use of the King's Room during his visit in 1633 and Oliver Cromwell also stayed at the Angel after his successful battle near Grantham in 1643. The cellars and foundations of the inn are reputed to date from the 9th century, and are rumoured to be linked by tunnels to both St Wulfram's Church and the town's Market Square. In 1707 the then landlord Michael Solomon died, but left a legacy of 40 shillings a year to pay for the preaching of a sermon, against the evils of drunkenness, for every Mayor.

The prime position of the inn on the Great North Road led to its long history as a coaching inn, which accounts for its characteristic layout, with long courtyard, old stables and entrances to front and rear. In 1800 six inns were listed in Grantham, together with 21 alehouses. The Angel's prosperity declined markedly with the coming of the railways.

By the middle of the 19th century, the Angel had also enjoyed the patronage of King George IV. In 1866 the then Prince of Wales visited Grantham, directly leading to the second part of the inn's name. In the early 1920s the word Inn was dropped and the building became a hotel.

After the Second World War, the hotel was purchased by Trust House Hotels, later to become Trust House Forte. It remained with Trust House until a few years ago. Since then there has been a succession of owners, including several brewery companies. In May 2002, the Angel and Royal was purchased by a consortium of local business professionals.

Closures

Brook Street and Hill Avenue sub-post offices were closed in Grantham in 2008 as part of the Post Office Network Change programme. In August 2010 it was confirmed that the Grantham branch of Marks and Spencer would close, with two other Lincolnshire branches in Skegness and Scunthorpe, due to low sales, although a Marks and Spencer Food Hall re-opened in 2014. The closure met with local protests.[109] Discount department store chain Boyes took over the property in 2012.[110] Haldanes, a chain of about 20 supermarkets based in Ruston Road, went into administration.[citation needed] The former HMRC office at Crown House in Castlegate closed in early 2010, moving to two sites in Lincoln.[111]

Demography

Ethnicity and religion

According to the 2011 census, Grantham's population[112] was 96.3% white; 2.0% Asian or British Asian; 0.6% Black, African, Caribbean or Black British; and 0.9% mixed or mutli-ethnic; and 0.2% other. The population is therefore less ethnically diverse than England as a whole, which is 85.4% white; 7.8% Asian or Asian British; 3.5% Black, African, Caribbean or Black British; 2.3% mixed ethnicities; and 1% other. 90.1% of the town's population were born in the United Kingdom, compared with 86.2% nationally; 6.1% were born in European Union countries other than the UK and Ireland, of which almost three quarters (4.3% of the total) were born in post-2001 accession states; for England, the figures were 3.7% and 2.0% respectively. 3.4% of the population was born outside the EU, whereas the total for England was 9.4%.[113][114]

In the 2011 census, 69.4% of Grantham's population said they were religious and 23.8% said they did not follow a religion, very similar to England as a whole (68.1% and 24.7% respectively). However, compared to England's population, Christians were a higher proportion of the Grantham population (67.6% compared with 59.4%), and all other groups were present at a lower proportion than the national rates. There were 20 Sikhs in Grantham, making up a negligible proportion of the population compared with 0.8% nationally; Hindus composed 0.5% (compared with 1.5% in England), Muslims 0.5% against 5% nationally, Jewish people 0.1% compared with 0.5% for all of England, and Buddhists 0.3% of the town's population, contrasting with 0.5% nationally.[113][114]

Ethnicity, nationality and religious affiliation of residents (2011)[113][114]
White Asian or British Asian Black, African, Caribbean or Black British Mixed or multi-ethnic Other ethnicity Born in UK Born in EU (except UK and Ireland) Born outside EU Religious Did not follow a religion Christian Muslim Other religions
Grantham 96.3% 2.0% 0.6% 0.9% 0.2% 90.1% 6.1% 3.4% 69.4% 23.8% 67.6% 0.5% 0.9%
England 85.4% 7.8% 3.5% 2.3% 1.0% 86.2% 3.7% 9.4% 68.1% 24.7% 59.4% 5.0% 2.5%

Household composition, age, health and housing

Gender, age, health and household characteristics (2011)[113][114]
Characteristics Grantham England
Male 48.5% 49.2%
Female 51.5% 50.8%
Married[n 5] 47.2% 46.6%
Single[n 5] 31.1% 34.6%
Divorced[n 5] 10.9% 9.0%
Widowed[n 5] 7.3% 6.9%
One-person households 28.8% 30.2%
One-family households 65.3% 61.8%
Mean age 39.4 39.3
Median age 39.0 39.0
Population under 20 24.8% 24.0%
Population over 60 22.4% 22.0%
Residents in good health 80.7% 81.4%
Owner-occupiers[n 6] 62.2% 63.3%
Private renters[n 6] 18.8% 16.8%
Social renters[n 6] 17.1% 17.7%
Living in a detached house[n 6] 27.8% 22.3%

In the 2011 census, 48.5% of the population were male and 51.5% female. Of the population over 16, 47.2% were married, compared to 46.6% in England; 31.1% were single (a smaller proportion than in England where it was 34.6%), 10.9% divorced (compared with 9% in England), 7.3% widowed (slightly higher than the 6.9% for all of England), 3.3% separated and 0.2% in same-sex civil partnerships (2.7% and 0.2% respectively in England). In 2011, there were 17,944 households in the Grantham urban area. It had a slightly lower than average proportion of one-person households (28.8% compared with England's figure of 30.2%); most other households consisted of one family, which was more common in Grantham than England as a whole (65.3% of the total, compared with 61.8% in England). This was because there were slightly higher than average rates of cohabiting couples (12% compared with 9.8%), lone parent households (11.2% against 10.6%) and married couples (34.2% compared with 33.2%), but fewer people in multiple and other household types (5.9% compared with 8%).[113][114]

The 2011 census showed the average age of Grantham's population to be in line with the national average; the mean age was 39.3 and the median 39 years, compared with 39.3 and 39 for England. 24.8% of the population was under 20, versus 24% of England's, and 22.4% of Grantham's population was aged over 60, compared with 22% of England's population.[113][114] In 2011, 80.7% of the population were in good or very good health, compared to 81.4% in England, and 5.4% in very bad or bad health, exactly the same rate as in England. 18% of people (9.3% in 16–64 year-olds) also reported having their day-to-day activities limited, compared with 17.6% in England (8.2% in 16–64 year-olds).[113][114]

As of 2011, Grantham had similar proportions of people who owned their homes with or without a mortgage (62.2%) than in England (63.3%) and who rented socially (17.1% compared with 17.7% nationally); there was a slightly higher rate of private renting (18.8% compared with 16.8%) while owner-occupiers were more likely to be mortgaged than in England as a whole (55.7% of them, compared with 51.8%). The proportion of household spaces which are detached or semi-detached houses is higher than average (27.8% and 33.6%, compared with 22.3% and 30.7%), while the proportion of households living in apartments, flats and maisonettes is much lower (13.1% against 22.1%). The proportion of terraced household spaces is similar (25.4% compared with 24.5%).[113][114]

Workforce

Economic characteristics of residents aged 16 to 74 (2011)[113][114]
Characteristic Grantham England
Economic activity
Economically active 72.7% 69.9%
Employed 69.9% 62.1%
Full-time employed 42.7% 38.6%
Retirees 13.9% 13.7%
Long-term sick or disabled 3.9% 4.0%
Long-term unemployed 1.6% 1.7%
Industry
Agriculture 0.9% 0.8%
Manufacturing 13.9% 8.8%
Construction 7.3% 7.7%
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of vehicles 19.1% 15.9%
Transport and storage 5.0% 5.0%
Accommodation and food services 6.0% 5.6%
Information and communication 2.0% 4.1%
Financial and insurance 2.4% 4.4%
Professional, scientific and technical 3.9% 6.7%
Public administration and defence 6.7% 5.9%
Education 7.7% 9.9%
Health and social work 12.9% 12.4%
Occupation
Managers and directors 9.3% 10.9%
Professionals; associate professionals 21.8% 30.3%
Administrative and secretarial 10.8% 11.5%
Sales and customer services 9.4% 8.4%
Caring, leisure and other services 10.5% 9.3%
Skilled trades 12.8% 11.4%
Process, plant and machine operatives 10.9% 7.2%
Elementary occupations 14.4% 11.1%
Qualifications
No qualifications 23.7% 22.5%
Level 4 or higher 19.8% 27.4%

In 2011, 72.7% of Grantham's residents aged between 16 and 74 were economically active, compared with 69.9% for all of England. 65.6% were in employment, compared with 62.1% nationally. The proportion in full-time employment is also comparatively high, at 42.7% (against 38.6% for England). The proportion of retirees was in line with the national figure, at 13.9% compared with 13.7% for England, as was the proportion of long-term sick or disabled (3.9%, compared with England's 4%); 1.6% of people were long-term unemployed, compared with 1.7% in all of England. The 2011 census revealed that the most common industry residents worked in were: wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles (19.1%), manufacturing (13.9%), and human health and social work (12.9%). The latter category was in line with the national average, but retail and manufacturing were overrepresented compared with England (where the proportions were 15.9% and 8.8%, respectively). Most other industries were under-represented comparatively, with financial services (2.4% versus 4.4% nationally), information and communication (2.0% against 4.1% nationally), and professional, scientific and technical activities (3.9% compared with 6.7%) especially so.[113][114]

Compared with the whole of England, the workforce had modestly higher proportions of people in elementary occupations (14.4% compared with 11.1%), process, plant and machinery operative roles (10.9% against 7.2%), skilled trades (12.8% versus 11.4%), and caring and other service occupations (10.5% against 9.3%). There was a much lower proportion of people in professional, associate professional, technical, administrative and secretarial occupations than in England as a whole (combined 32.6% versus 41.7% of England's population aged 16–74), principally driven by a lower proportion of full professionals (11.1% compared with 17.5%).[113][114]

The proportion of residents aged 16 to 74 with no qualifications was 23.7%, only slightly higher than the national figure (22.5%); the proportion of residents whose highest qualification is at Level 1 or 2 (equivalent to GCSEs) is higher than in the national population, but 19.8% of Grantham's population have a qualification at Level 4 or above (Certificate of Higher Education upwards, including graduates), compared with 27.4% nationally.[113][114]

Deprivation

The government's Indices of Multiple Deprivation (2019) show that Grantham contains both dense pockets of deprivation and areas of substantial affluence. The county council note that high levels of deprivation in parts of the town contrast with the less deprived rural hinterlands around it.[115] A statistical area covering part of the Earlesfield estate falls within the most deprived 10% of areas in the country; it is the most deprived place in South Kesteven. Other parts of Earlesfield and the Cherry Orchard suburb fall within the most deprived 20% of areas nationally, while much of the central urban area also falls below the national median and the top five most deprived areas in the district are all parts of Grantham. However, the Green Hill and Spinney housing estates and parts of Gonerby Hill Foot and Manthorpe fall within the least deprived decile nationally; one of them is in the least 10 deprived places in South Kesteven.[116]

Transport

Rail

 
Class 91 Electric locomotive at the station in May 2004, looking south
 
Bridge 66 on the Grantham Canal at Harlaxton
 
Spittlegate Millhouse, Grantham

Grantham railway station is served by the London–Edinburgh East Coast Main Line, between Peterborough and Newark Northgate). It is joined by the Nottingham to Skegness Line (Poacher Line). Liverpool–Norwich trains also call at Grantham. Electric trains began running in October 1988. Transport links to Nottingham and Peterborough attract some commuters. The town's grammar schools also attract pupils from Radcliffe on Trent, Bingham, Newark and even Retford via the train.[citation needed] Grantham is the best-served station in Lincolnshire,[citation needed] although after October 1970, most of Lincolnshire's branch lines were closed. Before October 1970 the connection from King's Cross to Lincoln Central was through Grantham and followed the A607 via Leadenham. After that date, London-Lincoln trains still passed through Grantham, but then continued up the main line to Newark Northgate, where the trains branched off to Lincoln St Marks Railway Station via a new curve just north of Newark.

In 1906 a rail accident killed 14 people.[citation needed]

On 3 July 1938 Mallard broke the world speed record for steam locomotives, at 126 mph (203 km/h), on the slight downward grade of Stoke Bank south of Grantham on the East Coast Main Line.

Road

The Great North Road was routed through the town in 1196. The turnpike to the north reached the town in 1725, that to Stamford in 1739, to Nottingham in 1758, and that to Melton in 1780.

The A1 main road from London to Edinburgh runs past the town, which was bypassed in 1962. The A52 linking Nottingham and the East Coast was diverted from High Street onto the Inner Relief Road, Sankt Augustin Way, in 1998. Wharf Road and London Road junction is still a busy junction on the A607 for Lincoln. Motorway-style Grantham North Services, at the north end of Grantham bypass, is on a new junction which replaced a roundabout in May 2008.[117]

Grantham, with Stamford, had been earmarked for a bypass before the war in 1939. There were 60 serious accidents a year, with three to four deaths. After the war, on 21 November 1945, there was a meeting at the Guildhall about the proposed bypass of the London-Edinburgh-Thurso trunk road for Grantham and Great Gonerby. This was the first enquiry into a trunk road scheme in the country after the war. The proposed route followed the current line, from Little Ponton to College Farm, except it was to be a single carriageway road.[citation needed]

On 8 February 1960, it was announced that a bypass would be built, including the route south to the B6403 at Colsterworth. Robert McGregor and Sons Ltd of Manchester would build the road for £1,856,009. (The company went on to build Newark bypass in 1964.) The bridges were built by Simon Carves of Cheadle Hulme. It was formally opened on 10 October 1962 by James Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 3rd Earl of Ancaster, then the Lord Lieutenant of Lincolnshire (from 1950 to 1975).[118] He was married to the (only) daughter of Nancy Astor.

Various attempts at one-way systems in Grantham have been introduced, but traffic delays are still commonplace. Low railway bridges also add to traffic difficulties, with lorries becoming stuck under them. Many promises have been made by the local council for a Grantham bypass road. The latest, the Grantham Southern Relief Road, has been in planning since 2007. Phase one of the project was completed in 2016 which provided access to some commercial facilitates and a new roundabout on the B1174.[119] Phase Two, started in October 2019, involves a new grade separated junction on the A1 and is due to be opened on the 20th December 2022. Phase three for the main stretch of road started in 2021 and due to be completed by 2023. In July 2022 it was found that ground conditions at a new viaduct were for as expected, and the project would be delayed as the viaduct would need to be redesigned.[120][121]

Waterways

Grantham was once linked to Nottingham by the Grantham Canal. It is possible to walk and cycle along the canal starting from Grantham near the A1/A607 intersection (opposite The Farrier).

The River Witham runs through Grantham. It has a riverside walk linking Dysart Park and Wyndham Park, on which is a view of Spittlegate Mill. The walk passes Inner Street allotment and the rear of Sainsbury's car park, access to which is by a pedestrian bridge at the end of College Street. There are other footbridges with views of the river and its weirs. Swans, ducks and trout are among the wildlife that can be seen along the river.

Education

 
Mannequin of Isaac Newton at Grantham Museum

Grantham College, a further education college for the district, opened in 1948, for those not attending school sixth forms. It has a satellite site at Sleaford, Sleaford College.[citation needed] Since September 2008 the Walton Academy in Kitty Briggs Lane near Harlaxton Road has run post-16 courses as Grantham's only sixth form college. In September 2019, the school had its first intake of male students in the lower school, making the former all-girls school co-educational.[122]

Two notable schools in the district are Kesteven and Grantham Girls' School and The King's Grammar School. Both have large sixth forms and eminent past students. Britain's first female Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, attended Kesteven and Grantham, and Isaac Newton famously attended The King's. Both have remained single-sex up to the age of 16.[citation needed]

In 1970, Kesteven County Council (based in Sleaford) announced plans to turn the grammar schools into co-educational comprehensives for ages of 11–16 and leave Grantham College the only sixth form for the town. Later it was proposed to create two sixth-form colleges from one of the grammar schools. Other parts of Kesteven became comprehensive but responsibility for education passed to Lincolnshire under the local government reorganization of 1974, and both schools stayed as grammar schools.[citation needed] Ex-pupil Margaret Thatcher was education secretary at the time. The governors of the King's School delayed the process in July 1973, and in January 1975 a plan to make Grantham comprehensive was voted against by the county council, having been approved by the council's own education committee.[citation needed]

On 1 August 2011 The King's School ended its long relationship with the local elected authorities and the town of Grantham, by converting to a selective academy. It remains a selective boys' school and has kept its name and logo.[123]

All four secondary modern schools are on the outskirts of Grantham. Only three of the six secondary schools are co-educational.[citation needed]

The Priory Ruskin Academy (formerly Central Technology & Sports College) is a co-educational school sited near Manthorpe.

In Gorse Lane is Grantham Preparatory School, an independent school preparing entrants for the 11-plus examination.[citation needed] Another private primary school is Dudley House School.[124] Near St Wulfram's on Castlegate is the National Church of England Junior School,[125] built in 1859, and a feeder school for the town's grammar schools.[citation needed]

The Blessed Hugh More School, a Catholic secondary school, closed in 1989.[126]

Governance

 
Grantham Guildhall, completed in 1869

Grantham once lay within the ancient Winnibriggs and Threo wapentake in the Soke of Grantham in the Parts of Kesteven.[127]

Politically the town belongs to the Grantham and Stamford constituency, represented in Parliament by Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) Gareth Davies, elected at the 12 December 2019 general election.[128]

Two of Grantham's MPs in recent years, Joe Godber and Douglas Hogg, have been Secretary of State for Agriculture.[129]

Before 1974, the local area was represented by Grantham Borough Council, based at Grantham Guildhall on St Peters Hill, and West Kesteven Rural District, based in Sandon Close. The local authority is now South Kesteven District Council.[130]

The Grantham Charter Trustees have responsibility for ceremonial functions remaining from the former Grantham Borough Council. They include civic ceremonies, annual commemorative events, hosting official visits and maintaining the town's regalia. The Charter Trustees consist of the Grantham District Councillors on South Kesteven District Council. Two members of these are elected annually as Mayor and Deputy Mayor of Grantham.[131]

The 2016 population, put at 44,580, divides by electoral ward into Belmont 4,900; Grantham Arnoldfield 4,666, Grantham Barrowby Gate 5,195, Grantham Earlsfield 6,557, Grantham Harrowby 4,770, Grantham St Vincent's 7,637, Grantham St Wulfram's 5,461, and Grantham Springfield 5,394.[1]

Religious sites

Main article: St Wulfram's Church, Grantham

Grantham has places of worship of various denominations.[132] The main local landmark is the parish church of St Wulfram's, which has the sixth highest spire among English churches, at 282+1⁄2 feet (86.1 metres). It is the second tallest church in Lincolnshire after St James' Church in Louth. It also holds England's first public library, dating from 1598, when Francis Trigge, rector of Welbourn, gave £100 for a small chained library of books for the clergy and literate laity of Grantham; 250 of the original volumes remain in a small room above the South Porch. From October 1974 the church was permanently floodlit at night.

The Anglican church in the New Somerby district, dedicated to St Anne and seating about 350, was erected as a mission church in 1884 and built of iron. A mission church, dedicated to St Saviour and seating about 150, was built of brick in the Little Gonerby district in 1884.[133][134] The church of St John the Evangelist was built of stone in the Spittlegate district in 1840–1841. It seated about 1,100.[135] Today the Deanery of Grantham still includes the churches of St Anne and St John the Evangelist amongst its 18 churches.[136] The current suffragan Bishop of Grantham is Nicholas Chamberlain; his official residence is in Long Bennington.[137]

The Catholic Church of St Mary the Immaculate stands in North Parade.[138] Grantham Baptist Church is located in Wharf Road.[139] Grantham Christchurch (LEP) Church (United Reformed Church) is located in Finkin Street.[140] Harrowby Lane Methodist Church dates from the late 1920s.[141] Finkin Street Methodist Church was a Wesleyan Methodist chapel built in the 1840s and attended by Margaret Thatcher.

Plans in 2014 to construct an Islamic cultural centre in the town created controversy, including protests from right-wing groups.[142]

Culture and amenities

Amenities

Wyndham Park has two children's play areas. There is an open-air paddling pool, football pitch and cafe. Dysart Park has a paddling pool and safe play area for children under six, a green for football and a bandstand. Indoor amenities for children include a swimming pool at the Meres Leisure Centre.

The public library is located in the Sir Isaac Newton Centre. On St Peter's Hill in the centre of town stands Grantham Museum and the Guildhall Arts Centre, which includes a 210-seat theatre.[143]

Belton House is a popular National Trust site with events for children, a play area, train rides, picnic area and woodland walk.[144]

Nature

 
Saltersford Marsh

Grantham and its surrounding area host peregrine falcons, which have in recent years roosted in the bell tower of St Wulfram's Church.[145] Grantham is surrounded by rolling countryside and woodland, such as nearby Ponton Park Wood, which has walks and views of woods and farmland.[citation needed] To the north-east there are the attractive gardens and the magnificent deer park of the National Trust's Belton House. Adjacent are Londonthorpe and Alma Park Woods, both owned by the Woodland Trust. The former comprises young woodland and open areas of wild flowers, while Alma Park has mature woodland on its steep limestone scarp and offers views over the town and the surrounding area.

To the south of the town, between Little Ponton and Saltersford, the River Witham flows through marshes and water meadows that support a variety of plant species, including vetches, cowslip, Primula veris, Lady's bedstraw Galium verum, and orchids, including the southern marsh orchid, and wildlife, including grey herons, mallards, greylag geese, water vole, and the now critically endangered white clawed crayfish. The area has notable populations of dragonflies, especially Aeshna grandis, Anax imperator, Libellula quadrimaculata and Calopteryx splendens, which are also found on Grantham Canal as it runs through The Vale of Belvoir to the west of the town. Wildlife can also be found in the town's Wyndham and Dysart Parks.[citation needed]

The Woodland Trust is based in Dysart Road and has been in Grantham since 1978; its new £6 million building,[146] on the opposite side of the road, opened in November 2010. The building, designed by Atelier One and Max Fordham, has won several architectural awards.[147]

Gingerbread biscuits

The town is known for gingerbread biscuits, first made in 1740 by a baker, William Eggleston. He produced a biscuit called Grantham Whetstones. Whetstones were a rusk-like dry biscuit enjoyed locally and by coach drivers who would stop in Grantham to change horses while travelling along the Great North Road. According to folk belief, Egglestone was baking whetstones in his dimly lit kitchen one morning when he mistook one ingredient for another, resulting in a ginger-like biscuit to emerge from the oven. The mistake was a huge success and the biscuit became established as Grantham Gingerbread, known as a white gingerbread, as it is not made with molasses or black treacle. This has a delicate ginger flavour, rich in butter, with a domed top and a crackled surface. The centre is hollow like a honeycomb.[148]

Media

 
Grantham Radio Station, owned by NATS (En Route) Limited, for radio navigation for aircraft, and is situated in the north of Waltham near the Sproxton parish boundary

Grantham's local newspaper, the Grantham Journal,[149] first went on sale in 1854 as The Grantham Journal of Useful, Instructive and Entertaining Knowledge and Monthly Advertiser. This was shortened to its current name a few years later.[citation needed] It was founded by Henry Escritt, a Yorkshireman by birth, who moved to the area in 1861. The 'Journal' is owned by Iliffe Media (formerly by Johnston Press), and has a sister newspaper in Melton Mowbray, the Melton Times. In the 1960s and earlier it produced the Melton Journal and Rutland Journal, both versions of the main paper. It also produces a Bingham edition.[citation needed]

David Wood CBE (1914–1990), former political editor of The Times (working under Sir William Haley), started out at the Grantham Journal.

There is a small FM radio transmitter near the town's bypass in Gorse Lane, from which BBC Lincolnshire and Lincs FM broadcast. Most television programmes are broadcast from Waltham, between Grantham and Melton, due to the line of sight to Belmont being blocked by hills to the east of the town.[citation needed]

Grantham also has a full-time community radio station, Gravity FM, which broadcasts from its own transmitter at The Maltings in Springfield Road and also online. Since redevelopment, the station has its own studios in Riverside Walk, on the western side of Grantham College. It is operated by local volunteers.[150]

Sport

Football

Grantham Town Football Club, the local football team, currently plays in the Evo-Stik Northern Premier League. It was founded in 1874 and now uses the 7,500-capacity (covered 1,950, seats 750) South Kesteven Sports Stadium (although average attendances are well below that).[151] The ground also doubles as the town's athletics stadium (one of only three in Lincolnshire), next to the Grantham Meres Leisure Centre on Trent Road.[152]

Harrowby United F.C. in Dickens Road, near the Church of the Ascension, is in the UCL (United Countries League) Division One league.[citation needed]

 
Kesteven RFC pitch in April 2006

Rugby Union

Kesteven Rugby Football Club was founded in 1947 and plays at Woodnook, off the B6403. It fields two men's teams, a ladies XV and many junior sides.

Hockey

Grantham Hockey Club, which fielded men's and women's team in league hockey, played at the Meres Leisure Centre, on an astro-turf pitch directly behind the football stadium.[153] In 2011, the men ended a long spell in the Midlands League, moving to the East League, successfully earning promotion to Division 5 (North West). Their story is documented in 1,309 Days Later, the title a reference to a no-win spell between 2006 and 2009.[154]

Bowls

Grantham bowls players have represented the indoor and outdoor clubs in county and national competitions. Indoor club players Martin Pulling, Dion Auckland, Ian Johnson, and former England U25 player Mathew Orrey, have played for the England squad.[155][156]

Table tennis

In 1993 and 1994 international team matches were held in Grantham, at the South Kesteven Table Tennis Centre, which was opened in January 1992 by Johnny Leach. Grantham College have a Table Tennis Academy.[157]

Twinning

Landmarks

 
The living pub sign of The Beehive, at 10 Castlegate
 
Grantham Guildhall on St Peters Hill designed by William Watkin
 
The Red House on North Parade (former Oddfellows Arms)

Grantham House is to the east of the church, and a National Trust property.

Grantham has the country's only "living" public house sign: a beehive of South African bees situated outside the Beehive Inn since 1830.

Grantham Guildhall on St Peter's Hill is now the Guildhall Arts Centre.[160] Edith Smith Way is a road next to the Arts Centre, named after England's first policewoman. Mary Allen and Ellen F. Harburn reported for duty on 27 November 1914.[161] Mary Allen was a former suffragette and had been previously arrested outside the House of Commons and later went on to be the commandant of the UK's women's police force from the 1920s up to 1940. She helped to set up women's police forces in other countries, including Germany. Edith Smith became the first female with powers of arrest in August 1915.[162]

Sandon Road is named after Viscount Sandon, also the Earl of Harrowby. The first person with the title was Dudley Ryder, 1st Earl of Harrowby; a road is also named after him. He bought Harrowby Hall in 1754. The current owner is Dudley Ryder, 8th Earl of Harrowby.[citation needed]

The Blue Pig, one of many Blue pubs, stands in Vine Street, near the Church of St Wulfram. The building is one of probably only four remaining Tudor buildings in the town and a survivor of the disastrous fires of the 1660s.[citation needed] It was first mentioned as an inn in a trade directory of 1846, when the landlord was one Richard Summersby. The property was then owned by the Manners family (giving the derivation of Blue in the name).[citation needed]

 
The water tower on Gorse Lane is a local landmark for drivers

The nearby George Hotel (known as St Peter's Place, now the George Shopping Centre) was mentioned in Charles Dickens's novel Nicholas Nickleby. Many of the town's property and industrial estates have been owned by Buckminster Trust Estates since the time of the Earl of Dysart.[citation needed]

To the west of the town near the A607 is Baird's maltings, owned by Moray Firth until 1999 and before that by R & W Paul. Other maltings have been converted for residential use, such as Riverview Maltings near the river, formerly owned by Lee & Grinling's.[citation needed]

Grantham JobCentre was opened on 24 June 1975 by local MP Joseph Godber.[citation needed] Grantham and District Hospital stands next to the Priory Ruskin Academy on the A607 in the north of the town. The maternity unit opened in August 1972 is now a midwife-staffed unit.[citation needed]

Nearby are many historic houses including 17th-century Belton House (the Brownlows), early 19th-century Harlaxton Manor (the Gregorys), Stoke Rochford Hall (owned by the Turnors, and since 1978 a training centre of the NUT), and the 19th-century Belvoir Castle (the Manners), in Leicestershire. Much of the property and land to the south-west of the area is owned by the two estates of Belvoir and Buckminster.[citation needed] Further to the south of Stoke Rochford are the Cholmeleys of Easton Hall.

On 15 May 2022 a 10-foot-6-inch (3.2 m) high bronze statue of Margaret Thatcher, dressed in the full ceremonial robes of the House of Lords, by sculptor Douglas Jennings and costing £300,000, was installed.[163] Located on St Peter's Hill Green, close to the Grantham Museum, it was placed on a 10-foot-6-inch (3.2 m) tall plinth to discourage vandalism, but was attacked with eggs within two hours of its unveiling.[164][163][165]

Further information: Public houses and inns in Grantham

Notable people

 
Sir Isaac Newton by William Theed, 1858, bronze; St Peter's Hill, Grantham

Armed forces and police

Arts and entertainment

Crime

Politics and philosophy

Religion

 
Bishop John Still, effigy in Wells Cathedral

Science and engineering

 
Rivercourt Methodist Church, Hammersmith, London, designed by Charles Bell

Sports

 
Olympic gold medal winning tennis player Charles P. Dixon

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ Granfum is also sometimes heard in the early 21st century.[6]
  2. ^ There is some 1930s-era and earlier post-war housing lining Manthorpe Road, the A607, and some older housing in Gonerby Hill Foot.[24]
  3. ^ Alongside this estate, a smaller fee was held by the Abbot of Peterborough, whose tenant was called Kolgrimr in 1086, and 77 tofts held by sokeman tenants of thegns settled nearby.[47]
  4. ^ The manor stayed in royal hands and was often granted to a queen or queen mother for life. In 1696, William III granted it without reversion to William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland.[51] The earl's eventual successor, the 3rd Duke of Portland, sold the manor to Lord William Manners in 1767.[52] He gave it to his illegitimate son John Manners,[52][53] who married Louisa Tollemache, a daughter of the Earl of Dysart, a title she later inherited in her own right;[53] their son, William, along with Buckminster Park inherited the lordship of the manor. He was created a baronet and adopted the surname Talmash (or Tollemache). It then passed to his son, who also inherited the Dysart title as the 8th Earl, in 1833.[54][55][56] By the late 20th century, the lordship was held by trustees of the Buckminster Estate.[57]
  5. ^ a b c d Residents aged 16 and over
  6. ^ a b c d Households

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Bibliography

Further reading

Historical overviews of some or all of Grantham's history can be found in:

  • Allen, Thomas, "Grantham soke and town", in Thomas Allen (ed.), The History of the County of Lincoln, from the Earliest Period to the Present Time, vol. 2 (London and Lincoln: John Saunders Jr, 1834), pp. 300–317
  • Couth, Bill (ed.), Grantham During the Interregnum: The Hall Book of Grantham, 1641–1649, The Publications of the Lincoln Record Society, no. 83 (Woodbridge: Boydell Press for the Lincoln Record Society, 1995)
  • Manterfield, John B., "The Topographical Development of the Pre-Industrial Town of Grantham, Lincolnshire 1535–1835" (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Exeter, 1981)
  • Manterfield, John B. (ed.), Borough Government in Newton's Grantham: The Hall Book of Grantham, 1649–1662, The Publications of the Lincoln Record Society, no. 106 (Woodbridge: Boydell Press for the Lincoln Record Society, 2016)
  • Martin, G. H., The Royal Charters of Grantham 1463–1688 (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1963)

Histories of more specific aspects of the town's history include:

  • Branson, S. J., A History of the King's School, Grantham (Gloucester: Alan Sutton, 1988)
  • Cartwright, Adam, "Mowbray and Co Ltd, Brewers of Grantham (1837–1952)", Lincolnshire History and Archaeology, vol. 49 (2017)
  • Crook, Ruth, The History of Vine House and Vine Street, Grantham (Grantham: Grantham Civic Society, 2014)
  • Kesteven and Grantham Girls' School, The History of Kesteven and Grantham Girls' School, 1910–1987 (Grantham: Kesteven and Grantham Girls' School, 1987)
  • Manterfield, John B., "Grantham Apothecaries: Further Notes", Lincolnshire History and Archaeology, vol. 25 (1990)
  • Manterfield, John B., "Edward Pawlett of Grantham: A Provincial Bookseller, 1660–1687", Lincolnshire History and Archaeology, vol. 29 (1994)
  • Pointer, Michael, Hornsbys of Grantham, 1815–1918 (Grantham: Bygone Grantham, 1976)
  • Pointer, Michael, The Glory of Grantham: Story of St Wulfram's Church (Grantham: Bygone Grantham, 1978)
  • Pointer, Michael, Ruston & Hornsby, Grantham, 1918–1963 (Grantham: Bygone Grantham, 1984)
  • Wilson, Catherine M., "Industrial Archaeology Notes", Lincolnshire History and Archaeology, vol. 12 (1977) – concerning Bjorlow Leather Works and Coles Cranes Factory
  • Wright, Neil R., Lincolnshire Towns and Industry 1700–1914, History of Lincolnshire, no. 11 (Lincoln: History of Lincolnshire Committee of the Society for Lincolnshire History and Archaeology, 1982)

Additionally, privately published works of a historical nature include Ruth Crook and Barbara Jeffries's The History of Little Gonerby and its School (Grantham: privately published, 2008) and The History of Gonerby Hill Foot and its School (Grantham: privately published, 2008). Collections of photographs include the Bygone Grantham series (6 vols; Grantham: Bygone Grantham, 1977–1987) edited by Michael Pointer and Malcolm Knapp. Knapp also compiled Grantham: The War Years, 1939–1945: A Pictorial Insight (Newland: Lincolnshire Books, 1995). Various collections of newspaper cuttings and excerpts under the title Grantham in the News by John R. Pinchbeck were published in five volumes between 1999 and 2010.

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Grantham.
 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Grantham.
  • – published by Kesteven District Council
  • Grantham Journal Newspaper

May 07, 2023
grantham, other, uses, disambiguation, market, industrial, town, south, kesteven, district, lincolnshire, england, situated, banks, river, witham, bounded, west, road, lies, some, miles, south, lincoln, miles, east, nottingham, population, 2016, town, largest,. For other uses see Grantham disambiguation Grantham ˈ ɡ r ae n 8 em is a market and industrial town in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire England situated on the banks of the River Witham and bounded to the west by the A1 road It lies some 23 miles 37 km south of Lincoln and 22 miles 35 km east of Nottingham The population in 2016 was put at 44 580 1 The town is the largest settlement and the administrative centre of South Kesteven District GranthamClockwise from top Market Place Grantham Guildhall and statue of Sir Isaac Newton Vine Street skyline of Grantham St Wulfram s Church and Bridge End Road with the River Witham passing throughGranthamLocation within LincolnshirePopulation44 580 ONS 2016 OS grid referenceSK9136 London100 mi 160 km SDistrictSouth KestevenShire countyLincolnshireRegionEast MidlandsCountryEnglandSovereign stateUnited KingdomPost townGRANTHAMPostcode districtNG31 NG33Dialling code01476PoliceLincolnshireFireLincolnshireAmbulanceEast MidlandsUK ParliamentGrantham and StamfordWebsiteVisit Grantham South Kesteven District CouncilList of places UK England Lincolnshire 52 55 05 N 0 38 17 W 52 918 N 0 638 W 52 918 0 638 Coordinates 52 55 05 N 0 38 17 W 52 918 N 0 638 W 52 918 0 638Grantham was the birthplace of the UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher Isaac Newton was educated at the King s School The town was the workplace of the UK s first warranted female police officer Edith Smith in 1914 The UK s first running diesel engine was made there in 1892 and the first tractor in 1896 citation needed Thomas Paine worked there as an excise officer in the 1760s 2 The villages of Manthorpe Great Gonerby Barrowby Londonthorpe and Harlaxton form outlying suburbs of the town Contents 1 Etymology 2 Geography 2 1 Topography and geology 2 2 Urban area 2 3 Climate 3 Prehistory 4 Medieval town 4 1 Origins 4 2 Royal manor 4 3 Economy and government 5 Modern history 5 1 19th and 20th centuries 5 2 Military history 5 2 1 Dambusters 5 2 2 RAF Spitalgate 5 2 3 RAF Regiment 5 3 Women s police force 5 4 Industrial history 5 4 1 Richard Hornsby amp Sons 5 4 2 Barford s 5 4 3 BMARC 5 5 Former developments 6 Economy 6 1 Hotels 6 1 1 Angel and Royal 6 2 Closures 7 Demography 7 1 Ethnicity and religion 7 2 Household composition age health and housing 7 3 Workforce 7 4 Deprivation 8 Transport 8 1 Rail 8 2 Road 8 3 Waterways 9 Education 10 Governance 11 Religious sites 12 Culture and amenities 12 1 Amenities 12 2 Nature 12 3 Gingerbread biscuits 12 4 Media 13 Sport 13 1 Football 13 2 Rugby Union 13 3 Hockey 13 4 Bowls 13 5 Table tennis 14 Twinning 15 Landmarks 16 Notable people 16 1 Armed forces and police 16 2 Arts and entertainment 16 3 Crime 16 4 Politics and philosophy 16 5 Religion 16 6 Science and engineering 16 7 Sports 17 See also 18 References 18 1 Notes 18 2 Citations 18 3 Bibliography 19 Further reading 20 External linksEtymology EditGrantham s name is first attested in the Domesday Book 1086 its origin is not known with certainty The ending ham is Old English and means homestead The first part of the name may either be the personal name Granta or derive from the Old English word Grand gravel implying either Granta s homestead or homestead by gravel 3 In the early 20th century the town s name was still pronounced Grant m or Grahnt m but as people moved more frequently and became more literate they began to derive the place name from its spelling and the pronunciation shifted to Granthum the t and h becoming a th phoneme This was already becoming common in 1920 4 and the later pronunciation is now the norm 5 n 1 Geography Edit Grantham and surrounding settlements roads railways and watercourses The urban area is in grey areas over 100m in elevation are shaded beige Grantham is a town in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire a non metropolitan county in the East Midlands of England 7 Until 1974 it was a borough 8 but it is now unparished and bounded by the civil parishes of Great Gonerby to the north west Belton and Manthorpe to the north Londonthorpe and Harrowby Without to the north east and east Little Ponton and Stroxton to the south Harlaxton to the south west and Barrowby to the west Its urban area is almost entirely within the unparished area 7 though The Spinney housing estate Alma Park industrial estate and part of the Bridge End Road housing estate are in Londonthorpe and Harrowby Without 9 Topography and geology Edit The town lies in the valley of the River Witham its core at the Witham s confluence with the Mowbeck or Mow Beck 10 The Witham flows south north through Grantham 11 The Mowbeck which rises from springs at Harlaxton about 3 miles 4 8 km to the south west of the town 12 is culverted behind Westgate and Brook Street 10 until it joins the Witham at White Bridge 13 The floor of the Witham valley 50 60 m above sea level in the town centre is underlain by mudstone of the Charmouth formation of the Lower Jurassic period 199 183 million years ago This formation is overlain by Belton sand and gravel laid down in estuaries and rivers in the Quaternary period up to 3 million years ago The river courses are overlain by Quaternary alluvium and to the north by river terrace deposits 14 The soil around the route of the Witham is wet acidic sandy and loamy its fertility is poor 15 As the ground rises on the town s eastern and southern fringes it is underlain by Jurassic Marlstone rocks of ferruginous sandstone and ironstone formed 190 174 million years ago and then by Whitby Mudstone of 174 183 million years ago The land rises sharply to form the Lincoln Cliff that marks the edge of the urban area and start of the Lincoln Heath and Kesteven Uplands which are capped by Jurassic Oolitic Limestone 14 16 17 mostly overlain by shallow free draining lime rich soils 15 To the west the town is near the edge of the low lying Vale of Belvoir 18 but fringed by an escarpment 19 rising in places to over 100 m to form the hills on which sit Barrowby Great Gonerby the Green Hill and Earlesfield suburban areas and the business parks off Trent Road These hills are of siltstone and mudstone of the Jurassic Dyrham Formation which line the edges of the Witham and Mowbeck valleys and the shallow valley of Barrowby Stream At its highest the scarp is capped by Jurassic ferruginous sandstone and ironstone rocks of the Marlstone formation There are some head deposits and pleistocene glaciofluvial deposits of sand and gravel east of Barrowby 14 The soil in the lower areas is slowly permeable seasonally wet and slightly acidic though base rich On higher ground it tends to be slightly acidic and base rich but freely draining and highly fertile 15 Grantham Canal which opened in 1797 20 closely follows the route of the Mowbeck from Echo Farm into the town West of there it cuts through a valley north of Harlaxton into the Vale of Belvoir eventually reaching West Bridgford near Nottingham 21 Urban area Edit Map of Grantham town centre London Road Wharf Road Sankt Augustin Way and Barrowby Road form the A52 Harlaxton Road is the A607 The historical core of Grantham is bounded by Westgate Brook Street and Castlegate and includes the High Street down to St Peter s Hill This is the town s main retail and commercial area It includes many historic buildings Between Westgate and the A52 to the west are postwar retail buildings and blocks of flats North of it is 18th 19th and 20th century suburban housing focused on North Parade which include villas and terraced housing 22 Further north off Gonerby Road and Manthorpe Road A607 these give way to large low density suburban privately owned housing on estates mostly built in the 1970s and 1980s Those at the base of Gonerby Hill are known as Gonerby Hill Foot and lie west of the railway line to the east of which developments are contiguous with the historical core of Manthorpe village 23 n 2 South of the town centre suburban housing takes the form of late Victorian and Edwardian brick terraced and villa houses in grid plan layouts initially built for industrial workers and now largely owned or let privately 25 Alongside some housing in Harlaxton Road A607 most of these streets cluster round the railway station and nearby retail and industrial units in an area known as Spittlegate also spelled Spitalgate or Spittalgate the town cemetery an area called New Somerby in older maps and the Wharf Road London Road and Bridge End Road stretches of the A52 21 26 27 Further south east low density mostly privately owned suburban housing estates of the 1970s and 1980s cluster round the A52 marking the edge of the town s urban area 28 Further east off the A52 are the Prince William of Gloucester Barracks 21 The north east fringe of the urban area is marked by 20th century development An exception is a piece of land east of the Witham and north of Stonebridge Road that includes schools and colleges and portions of a 19th century barracks complex south of greenspace including Wyndham Park Otherwise the area between the Witham Belton Lane Londonthorpe Lane and the Lincoln Cliff has suburban housing mostly privately owned with some let by housing associations It includes part of the Harrowby Estate begun in 1928 as council housing The part round Belton Lane and Harrowby Lane is a low density mix of pre First World War interwar and postwar houses the remainder of the large estate and the Cherry Orchard Estate appeared in the immediate postwar period in medium density on a layout inspired by the Garden City movement South of Londonthorpe Lane and north east of the other estates are medium and high density housing areas dating largely from the 1970s to the early 21st century 29 30 The northernmost known as The Spinney or Sunningdale 9 adjoins the post war Alma Park industrial estate off Londonthorpe Lane 31 The town s western fringe sits between the railway line the A1 bypass and the Kesteven Uplands North of the canal are large varied developments mostly from the 20th century including the Earlesfield estate begun as a council estate in the 1920s and expanded in the postwar period industrial estates and a leisure centre complex all south of Barrowby Stream by the expansive 1980s estate on Green Hill the Edwardian and Victorian villas lining Barrowby Road and the large 1980s and 1990s estate to its north Most of this is privately owned but some is let by housing associations The canal basin is lined with industrial warehouse retail and office buildings that continue up to Dysart Road South of them are Harlaxton Road A607 and Springfield Road round which separate residential developments have been built including inter war homes in Huntingtower Road a 21st century estate centred on Hudson Way post war social housing at Walton Gardens post war housing Denton Avenue and late 20th century developments at Harris Way 30 32 Climate Edit The British Isles experience a temperate maritime climate with warm summers and cool winters 33 Data from the weather station nearest to Grantham at Cranwell 10 miles 16 km away shows an average daily mean temperature of 9 8 C 49 6 F fluctuates from a peak of 16 9 C 62 4 F in July to 3 9 C 39 0 F in January The average high temperature is 13 7 C 56 7 F though monthly averages vary from 6 7 C 44 1 F in January and December to 21 8 C 71 2 F in July the average low is 5 9 C 42 6 F reaching lowest in February at 0 8 C 33 4 F and highest in July and August at 12 0 C 53 6 F 34 Climate data for CranwellWMO ID 03379 coordinates 53 01 52 N 0 30 13 W 53 03117 N 0 50348 W 53 03117 0 50348 Met Office Cranwell elevation 62 m 203 ft 1991 2020 normals extremes 1930 presentMonth Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec YearRecord high C F 15 0 59 0 18 3 64 9 23 2 73 8 26 3 79 3 30 6 87 1 32 9 91 2 39 9 103 8 35 2 95 4 30 0 86 0 28 6 83 5 18 9 66 0 15 7 60 3 39 9 103 8 Average high C F 7 0 44 6 7 8 46 0 10 4 50 7 13 4 56 1 16 5 61 7 19 4 66 9 22 1 71 8 21 8 71 2 18 6 65 5 14 3 57 7 9 9 49 8 7 2 45 0 14 1 57 4 Daily mean C F 4 1 39 4 4 6 40 3 6 5 43 7 8 9 48 0 11 8 53 2 14 8 58 6 17 2 63 0 17 0 62 6 14 3 57 7 10 8 51 4 6 9 44 4 4 4 39 9 10 1 50 2 Average low C F 1 3 34 3 1 3 34 3 2 6 36 7 4 5 40 1 7 2 45 0 10 2 50 4 12 2 54 0 12 2 54 0 10 1 50 2 7 2 45 0 3 9 39 0 1 6 34 9 6 2 43 2 Record low C F 15 7 3 7 13 9 7 0 11 1 12 0 4 8 23 4 2 2 28 0 0 0 32 0 4 5 40 1 3 3 37 9 0 6 30 9 4 4 24 1 8 0 17 6 11 2 11 8 15 7 3 7 Average precipitation mm inches 48 1 1 89 38 4 1 51 36 3 1 43 44 6 1 76 48 4 1 91 59 8 2 35 53 5 2 11 59 5 2 34 50 5 1 99 62 4 2 46 56 6 2 23 54 6 2 15 612 6 24 12 Average precipitation days 1 0 mm 10 9 9 5 9 3 9 0 8 6 9 4 9 1 9 6 8 7 10 3 11 3 11 0 116 7Mean monthly sunshine hours 65 1 83 7 124 2 163 0 209 2 191 6 202 2 187 6 151 1 113 6 74 4 65 6 1 631 3Source 1 Met Office 34 Source 2 Starlings Roost Weather 35 36 Prehistory EditMuch of Grantham s early archaeology lies buried beneath the modern town making it difficult to unravel 10 Early prehistoric hunter gatherers visited the area Scattered Stone Age tools have been found the earliest being a Palaeolithic axe on the Cherry Orchard Estate dating between 40 000 and 150 000 years ago The next earliest material consist of Mesolithic flints crafted 4 000 to 8 000 years ago and found round Gonerby Hill and the riverside in the south of the town Neolithic people probably settled in the Grantham area for its proximity to the rivers and its fertile soils material suggesting settlement in this period has been found at Great Ponton Other scattered finds have been unearthed around the town Remains of a Neolithic ritual site on the parish boundary between Harlaxton and Grantham are known from aerial photography Bronze Age artefacts include pottery vessels with human remains found in Little Gonerby a Beaker pot Beaker pottery sherds cinerary urns and a food vessel and a later cemetery at Belton Lane but there is little direct evidence of Bronze Age settlement in the area of the modern town Little is known about it in the Iron Age though ditched enclosures and a field system of this date are known to lie off Gorse Lane 37 Various Romano British coins and pottery finds have emerged in Grantham 38 a burial and pottery from the 2nd century AD were uncovered off Trent Road in 1981 Small settlements or farmsteads from the period have been discerned on the hills overlooking Grantham from the east and another has been found in Barrowby There were probably Romano British farmsteads on the site of the modern town 39 but the wet soils round the Mowbeck and flooding by the Witham probably made it hard for a larger settlement to grow there 38 Three kilometres to the south of the modern town an important Roman site has been found at Saltersford a crossing of the River Witham near Little Ponton Extensive finds and evidence of a significant Romano British occupation have emerged in the vicinity since the 19th century it has been tentatively identified by some scholars as Causennae mentioned in the Antonine Itinerary and sat at the place where River Witham was crossed by the Salter s Way a trade route connecting the salt producing coastal and marshland regions with the Midlands Salter s Way may also have crossed Ermine Street now B6403 at Cold Harbour 4 km south east of Grantham Saltersford may have been a small town with a market for local farmsteads and smaller settlements 40 41 Medieval town EditOrigins Edit The local historian Michael Honeybone has no doubt that the town of Grantham was established during Anglo Saxon times its name suggests it emerged in the earliest phase of Anglo Saxon settlement probably by the 7th century 38 The archaeological evidence for this is limited to finds indicating cemeteries at the sites of the Central School in Manthorpe and the junction of Bridge End Road and London Road in the town and to small quantities of pottery sherds found on London Road Belton Lane Saltersford New Somerby and Barrowby 42 The town s Saxon period history is obscure and debated 43 The medievalist Sir Frank Stenton argued that Grantham probably emerged as an important estate centre before the Viking invasions in the 9th century and then functioned as a minor local capital in the Danelaw 44 By contrast the historian David Roffe has argued that the town and its outlying soke were established in the 1040s or 1050s by Queen Edith and Leofric Earl of Mercia to strengthen their hands in the county at the expense of Siward Earl of Northumbria They may have also created St Wulfram s Church either as a new place of worship or as one revived from a possible earlier cell of Crowland Abbey Roffe argues that Siward s death in 1055 made Grantham s new role less important as such its soke only grew to its full extent after the Norman Conquest of England when the king merged it with the soke of Great Ponton 45 Whatever its origins by the time of the Domesday Book 1086 the earliest documentary evidence for the settlement Grantham was a town and royal manor under its jurisdiction fell soke comprising lands in 16 villages St Wulfram s served this extended parish area 43 Royal manor Edit Grantham s Domesday entries show it as an estate centre where Queen Edith had a hall before 1066 Twenty years later the king had the manor there were four mills and eight acres of meadow but no arable land The demesne appears to have been land now known as Earlesfield in Great Gonerby There were 111 burgesses and 72 bordars possibly labourers or craftsmen indicating that Grantham was both a manor and a borough where the lord retained exclusive rights 46 n 3 It was a valuable asset used by the king to reward loyal followers 48 By 1129 the manor and soke had been granted to Rabel de Tancarville the king s chamberlain in Normandy He sided against King Stephen during The Anarchy 1135 1154 and his lands were probably forfeited on his death in 1140 although restored to his son William and confirmed in the early 1180s 49 The king retook the manor after William s heir Ralph de Tancarville failed to support him in Normandy 48 In 1205 the king granted it to his ally William de Warenne 5th Earl of Surrey It was held as a life interest and reverted to the Crown on his widow s death in 1249 but regranted to his son the 6th earl in 1266 On his death in 1304 it reverted to the crown and was soon granted to Aymer de Valence but had been regranted to Warenne s grandson the 7th earl by 1312 Four years later it was resettled on the 7th earl for life with reversion to the crown William de Bohun 1st Earl of Northampton was granted the reversion in 1337 and took seisin ten years later After his death it reverted again to the Crown and in 1363 Edward II granted it to his son Edmund of Langley Duke of York through whose heirs it passed to Richard of York 3rd Duke of York 50 a major figure in the Wars of the Roses and rival of Henry VI After Richard s death in 1460 Henry s Queen Margaret of Anjou attacked Grantham in 1461 but later that year was defeated by Richard s son Edward who took the throne as Edward IV Two years later Grantham was rewarded for loyalty to the Yorkist cause when the king granted the borough a charter of incorporation as a self governing council the Corporation of Grantham headed by an Alderman with various freedoms 51 n 4 Economy and government Edit Watercolour and graphite painting of Grantham Church by J M W Turner 1797 Its lords encouraged Grantham to expand as a commercial centre 58 By the late 11th century it was an important market town 59 The wool trade prospered benefiting from its proximity to grazing lands on the Lincoln Heath This wealth contributed towards the building of St Wulfram s Church 60 Wool shops were in Grantham in 1218 60 and Walkergate now Watergate was recorded in 1257 indicating the presence of fullers walkers who played a role in processing wool Cloth manufacture declined around this time but wool continued to be produced for trading primarily for export from Boston Wool merchants are recorded from the town in the late 13th century foremost being was Roger de Belvoir who contributed over 296 to the Wool Prize of 1297 By this time merchants from Italy 61 Saint Omer and Amiens were active in the town 62 In 1269 the earl granted the town free tronage the right to weigh wool without paying a toll Less than 30 years later its merchants were asked to send a representative to counsel the king 58 The wool trade boomed in the early 14th century the town s merchants traded at least 980 sacks of wool at Boston during Edward II s reign half from the de Chesterton family 63 In 1312 the earl granted the burgesses various freedoms and the right to elect a leader the Alderman codifying a longstanding informal arrangement 64 Later in the century the king sought to raise revenues by taxing the wool trade some Grantham merchants including the wealthy Roger de Wollesthorpe acted as creditors to the king 65 England s falling population continued taxation of wool exports and the growth of cloth exports and monopolisation led to the wool trade declining by the mid 15th century 66 Cloth exports became more important nationally Grantham had a small cloth industry but it could not compete with new fulling mills which required fast flowing water 67 Its merchants continued to trade in wool and it remained a dominant aspect of the town s economy 65 Other industries also existed during the Middle Ages there is evidence of wine trading brewing parchment making weaving and other trades and crafts 67 The bridging of the River Trent at Newark by the late 12th century realigned the Great North Road so that it passed through Grantham 68 bringing traffic to the town as an important stopping place and leading to the development of inns such as The George and The Angel 69 By the 16th century the economy was diverse The largest sector was the leather trade employing a quarter of the known workforce distribution food drink and agricultural trades were also important By that time clothing and textiles each accounted for less than 10 per cent of the town s workers 70 Modern history Edit19th and 20th centuries Edit The Lincoln Theatre Company of actors took a 21 year lease on the theatre in 1800 71 The town developed when the railway came The Nottingham Line LNER arrived first in 1850 then the London line GNR the Towns Line from Peterborough to Retford arrived in 1852 The Boston Sleaford and Midland Counties Railway arrived in 1857 72 73 74 75 Gas lighting appeared in 1833 The corporation became a borough council in 1835 Little Gonerby and Spittlegate were added to the borough in 1879 The town had been in the wapentake of Loveden and included three townships of Manthorpe with Little Gonerby Harrowby and Spittlegate with Houghton and Walton 75 76 77 Grantham Golf Club now defunct was founded in 1894 and continued until the onset of the Second World War 78 Until the 1970s the housing estates west of the town centre were green fields Green Hill on the A52 was literally a green hill 75 77 In July 1975 the National Association of Ratepayers Action Groups NARAG was formed in Grantham by John Wilks its chairman as a forerunner of the TaxPayers Alliance citation needed Military history Edit Army barracks next to the A52 east of the town The town has a long military history since the completion of the Old Barracks in 1858 79 Dambusters Edit During the Dambuster Raids Royal Air Force missions in May 1943 the RAF Bomber Command s No 5 Group and operation HQ were in St Vincents 80 a building later owned by Aveling Barford and housing a district council planning department It was built by Richard Hornsby in 1865 and lived in by his son It is now a private house In 1944 including D Day it was the headquarters for the USAAF s Ninth Air Force s IX Troop Carrier Command known as Grantham Lodge 81 RAF Spitalgate Edit RAF Spitalgate trained pilots during both world wars initially as a Royal Flying Corps establishment It was the first military airfield in Lincolnshire It has never been an operational fighter or bomber base although it did see operational service during the 1943 invasion of Europe as a base for American and Polish gliders and parachutists It officially closed in 1974 The Women s Royal Air Force had been there from 1960 until closure 82 as RAF Wilmslow was closing due to the imminent ending of National Service and moved to RAF Hereford now the home of SAS citation needed After closure RAF Spitalgate became the Royal Corps of Transport later Royal Logistic Corps barracks Prince William of Gloucester Barracks named after Prince William of Gloucester 82 83 Grantham College used the site s two football pitches for their South Lincolnshire Football Development Centre from September 2004 84 After closure in 1975 a vehicle test centre was built on the outfield this closed in 2011 85 86 The large mast on the base was part of the BT microwave network 87 The Queen s Royal Lancers part of the Royal Armoured Corps have their RHQ on the base RAF Regiment Edit The RAF Regiment was formed north east of the town in parts of Londonthorpe and Harrowby Without during December 1941 with its headquarters at RAF Belton Park which is recognised as its birthplace 88 The Belton Park estate had been a training centre for the Machine Gun Corps from November 1915 89 The RAF Regiment reached in excess of 66 000 personnel and during training was housed at RAF Belton Park the Regiment s first depot RAF Folkingham and RAF North Witham Women s police force Edit Grantham was first after London to recruit and train women police officers It was the first provincial force to ask the newly formed Corps of Women s Police Volunteers to supply them with occasional policewomen recognising them as useful for dealing with women and juveniles In December 1914 Miss Damer Dawson the Chief of the Corps came to Grantham to supervise the preliminary work of the women police Officers stationed there were Miss Allen and Miss Harburn 90 In 1915 Grantham magistrates swore in Edith Smith making her the first policewoman in Britain with full powers of arrest 91 Industrial history Edit Richard Hornsby amp Sons Edit Richard Hornsby and Richard Seaman founded Seaman amp Hornsby Iron Founders and Millwrights at Spittlegate in Grantham in 1810 The company was renamed Richard Hornsby amp Sons when Seaman retired in 1828 92 Products included ploughs and seed drills From 1840 until 1906 the company built steam engines Thereafter production shifted to oil petrol and gas engines It employed 378 men in 1878 and 3 500 in 1914 93 In 1905 Richard Hornsby amp Sons invented a caterpillar track for a machine using Hornsby s oil engines these engines were developed by Yorkshireman Herbert Akroyd Stuart from which compression ignition principle the diesel engine evolved being manufactured in Grantham from 8 July 1892 94 Although such engines were not wholly compression ignition derived in 1892 a prototype high pressure version was built at Hornsby s developed by Thomas Henry Barton OBE later to found Nottingham s Barton Transport whereby ignition was achieved solely through compression it ran continuously for six hours as the first known diesel engine In the town Hornsby s built Elsham House whose grounds became Grantham College and the Shirley Croft Its site in Houghton Road was bought from Lord Dysart citation needed Hornsby oil engine at the Museum of Lincolnshire Life In 1910 Hornsby presented its chain track vehicle to the British Army which then bought four caterpillar tractors to tow artillery At the demonstration a British transport officer suggested putting armour plating and a gun on a Hornsby tractor so creating some sort of self propelled gun David Roberts managing director of Hornsby did not pursue the idea but later expressed regret at not having done so Four years later Hornsby sold the patent for its caterpillar track to the Holt Manufacturing Company of California USA for 8 000 having itself sold only one caterpillar tractor commercially 95 The Holt system was superior to Hornsby s but the Hornsby transmission was what Holt really wanted Thanks in part to this acquisition Holt eventually became the successful Caterpillar Inc Tractor Company In 1918 Hornsby s amalgamated with Rustons as Ruston amp Hornsby In the 1920s the company had its own orchestra in the town the site was a diesel engine plant During the Second World War the company made tanks such as the Matilda at the Grantham factory Ruston and Hornsby left in 1963 and most of the factory was taken over by a subsidiary Alfred Wiseman Gears which itself left in 1968 citation needed Scale model of Hornsby 1910 steam caterpillar tractor Barford s Edit The agricultural engine and steamroller manufacturer Aveling and Porter of Rochester Kent merged with Barford amp Perkins of Peterborough as Aveling Barford Ltd in 1934 largely with financial help from Ruston amp Hornsby as both firms had entered into administration The new company took a former site of Hornsbys naming it the Invicta works from the motto on the coat of arms of Kent which translates as unconquered all Aveling amp Porter machinery was brought from Kent by rail citation needed During the 1970s Barford s was the town s largest employer with around 2 000 employees 96 It initially prospered but declined with the sinking market for large dumper trucks and road rollers In 1947 its agricultural division Barfords of Belton developed the world s smallest tractor the Barford Atom weighing 177 pounds 80 kilograms citation needed Now Barford Construction Equipment it makes dumpers for construction sites being owned by Wordsworth Holdings PLC owned in turn by the entrepreneur Duncan Wordsworth until it went into administration in March 2010 A restructuring package resulted in ownership transferring to Bowdon Investment Group in May 2010 It is now known as Invictas Engineering A trailer company Crane Fruehauf moved into part of the factory from its former home at Dereham when it went into receivership in early 2005 BMARC Edit British Manufacture and Research Company British Marc Ltd or BMARC in Springfield Road made munitions notably the Hispano cannon for the Spitfire and Hurricane from 1937 onwards It was owned by the Swiss Oerlikon from 1971 until 1988 becoming part of Astra Holdings plc The firm was bought by British Aerospace in 1992 which then closed the site It has now been developed as a housing estate The site s former offices are now business units for the Springfield Business Centre Grantham s register office moved there in 2007 citation needed Former developments Edit In 1968 Reads of Liverpool built a canning factory in Springfield Road to serve Melton Mowbray becoming American Can then Pechiney French in 1988 then Impress Dutch It closed in 2006 and was demolished in 2007 to make way for a housing estate Ransome amp Marles Bearing had a ball bearing factory in the town until 1957 when production was moved to Newark Mowbray and Co Ltd a brewery was bought by J W Green of Luton It was founded in September 1828 and became a public company in 1880 It closed in 1967 Economy EditThe food industry together with Grantham Hospital is currently the largest Grantham employer 97 Poultry production company Moy Park formerly Padleys is at Gonerby Hill Foot GW Padley bought the site in 1977 from Wolsey a former garment manufacturer It acts as a poultry hatchery citation needed Moy Park are owned by Marfrig of Sao Paulo with Marfrig s European headquarters at Preston Deanery in Hackleton Northamptonshire Aviagen Turkeys also has a poultry hatchery further along the B1174 at Gonerby Moor Brake Bros Ltd has a depot near the Gonerby Moor service station off B1174 98 Fenland Foods part of Northern Foods on the Earlesfield Industrial Estate closed in September 2008 after losing business with Marks and Spencer its sole customer 99 On Ellesmere Business park is Vaderstad Verken UK its parent company based in Vaderstad in Sweden and Tecknit Europe makers of electromagnetic shielding equipment owned from 2006 by Parker Hannifin based in Cranford New Jersey 100 101 At Easton 7 miles 11 kilometres south of Grantham are two large facilities One is Norbert Dentressangle which bought Christian Salvesen plc in November 2007 and maintains the frozen storage and distribution operation which has been at the site since the late 1960s citation needed The other is McCain Foods which purchased Potato and Allied Services PAS in 1991 which had run a potato processing factory on the site since the early 1970s it has since been extended citation needed There was a third large frozen vegetable processing factory owned and operated by Christian Salvesen it was sold to Pinguin Foods in August 2007 102 which closed the facility in December 2008 103 The 46 acres 19 ha of Spittlegate Level B1174 the former A1 south of the town home of many local companies and the former Corus Service Centre which was developed in 1973 GBS has been based in Grantham since May 1975 when known as Chatto Bodley Head amp Cape Services Chatto amp Windus had merged with Jonathan Cape in 1969 The former site was officially opened on 23 September 1975 by Michael Foot MP citation needed Random House was formed in 1987 from a combination of book companies and in 1990 the site became known as Grantham Book Services citation needed The company won an award in 1992 from the British Book Awards 104 Next door to GBS and a Gala Bingo is Cathodic Protection which with BGB Innovation won The Queen s Award for Enterprise International Trade Export in 2009 According to Super Output Area data from the ONS the least socially deprived area in Lincolnshire is the ward of Stamford St John s Grantham s least deprived ward SKDC is in the north east of the town near the former Central School 105 Hotels Edit Conference and hospitality facilities in the Grantham area include the Olde Barn Hotel in Marston the Q Hotel group Belton Woods Hotel the Urban Leisure Hotel and various golf clubs citation needed Stoke Rochford Hall won the Les Routiers Wedding Venue of the Year in 2011 106 The Griffin Inn at Irnham won the 2012 Les Routiers B amp B of the Year Award 107 108 The Eden House Hotel is a historic building built as a mansion in about 1850 Angel and Royal Edit Main article Angel and Royal The sign of the Angel and Royal The Angel and Royal in 1836 The Angel and Royal in the High Street is widely regarded as the oldest surviving English inn The facade of the main building as it appears today was built about 600 years ago but the site had already held an inn for 200 years It was originally a hostel for the Knights Templar King John is reputed to have visited with his Royal Court in 1213 The inn was extended in the mid 14th century and again in the 15th century A visit by Richard III was the origin of the gold emblem angel holding the King s crown over the original archway In 1483 Richard held court and it was from the Chambre de Roi that he dispatched a letter bidding for the Great Seal to proclaim the treachery of his cousin the Duke of Buckingham leading to the signature of Buckingham s death warrant Copies of the letter the original of which is kept by the British Museum are displayed adjacent to the Richard III lounge and the King s Room Restaurant King Charles I made use of the King s Room during his visit in 1633 and Oliver Cromwell also stayed at the Angel after his successful battle near Grantham in 1643 The cellars and foundations of the inn are reputed to date from the 9th century and are rumoured to be linked by tunnels to both St Wulfram s Church and the town s Market Square In 1707 the then landlord Michael Solomon died but left a legacy of 40 shillings a year to pay for the preaching of a sermon against the evils of drunkenness for every Mayor The prime position of the inn on the Great North Road led to its long history as a coaching inn which accounts for its characteristic layout with long courtyard old stables and entrances to front and rear In 1800 six inns were listed in Grantham together with 21 alehouses The Angel s prosperity declined markedly with the coming of the railways By the middle of the 19th century the Angel had also enjoyed the patronage of King George IV In 1866 the then Prince of Wales visited Grantham directly leading to the second part of the inn s name In the early 1920s the word Inn was dropped and the building became a hotel After the Second World War the hotel was purchased by Trust House Hotels later to become Trust House Forte It remained with Trust House until a few years ago Since then there has been a succession of owners including several brewery companies In May 2002 the Angel and Royal was purchased by a consortium of local business professionals Closures Edit Brook Street and Hill Avenue sub post offices were closed in Grantham in 2008 as part of the Post Office Network Change programme In August 2010 it was confirmed that the Grantham branch of Marks and Spencer would close with two other Lincolnshire branches in Skegness and Scunthorpe due to low sales although a Marks and Spencer Food Hall re opened in 2014 The closure met with local protests 109 Discount department store chain Boyes took over the property in 2012 110 Haldanes a chain of about 20 supermarkets based in Ruston Road went into administration citation needed The former HMRC office at Crown House in Castlegate closed in early 2010 moving to two sites in Lincoln 111 Demography EditEthnicity and religion Edit According to the 2011 census Grantham s population 112 was 96 3 white 2 0 Asian or British Asian 0 6 Black African Caribbean or Black British and 0 9 mixed or mutli ethnic and 0 2 other The population is therefore less ethnically diverse than England as a whole which is 85 4 white 7 8 Asian or Asian British 3 5 Black African Caribbean or Black British 2 3 mixed ethnicities and 1 other 90 1 of the town s population were born in the United Kingdom compared with 86 2 nationally 6 1 were born in European Union countries other than the UK and Ireland of which almost three quarters 4 3 of the total were born in post 2001 accession states for England the figures were 3 7 and 2 0 respectively 3 4 of the population was born outside the EU whereas the total for England was 9 4 113 114 In the 2011 census 69 4 of Grantham s population said they were religious and 23 8 said they did not follow a religion very similar to England as a whole 68 1 and 24 7 respectively However compared to England s population Christians were a higher proportion of the Grantham population 67 6 compared with 59 4 and all other groups were present at a lower proportion than the national rates There were 20 Sikhs in Grantham making up a negligible proportion of the population compared with 0 8 nationally Hindus composed 0 5 compared with 1 5 in England Muslims 0 5 against 5 nationally Jewish people 0 1 compared with 0 5 for all of England and Buddhists 0 3 of the town s population contrasting with 0 5 nationally 113 114 Ethnicity nationality and religious affiliation of residents 2011 113 114 White Asian or British Asian Black African Caribbean or Black British Mixed or multi ethnic Other ethnicity Born in UK Born in EU except UK and Ireland Born outside EU Religious Did not follow a religion Christian Muslim Other religionsGrantham 96 3 2 0 0 6 0 9 0 2 90 1 6 1 3 4 69 4 23 8 67 6 0 5 0 9 England 85 4 7 8 3 5 2 3 1 0 86 2 3 7 9 4 68 1 24 7 59 4 5 0 2 5 Household composition age health and housing Edit Gender age health and household characteristics 2011 113 114 Characteristics Grantham EnglandMale 48 5 49 2 Female 51 5 50 8 Married n 5 47 2 46 6 Single n 5 31 1 34 6 Divorced n 5 10 9 9 0 Widowed n 5 7 3 6 9 One person households 28 8 30 2 One family households 65 3 61 8 Mean age 39 4 39 3Median age 39 0 39 0Population under 20 24 8 24 0 Population over 60 22 4 22 0 Residents in good health 80 7 81 4 Owner occupiers n 6 62 2 63 3 Private renters n 6 18 8 16 8 Social renters n 6 17 1 17 7 Living in a detached house n 6 27 8 22 3 In the 2011 census 48 5 of the population were male and 51 5 female Of the population over 16 47 2 were married compared to 46 6 in England 31 1 were single a smaller proportion than in England where it was 34 6 10 9 divorced compared with 9 in England 7 3 widowed slightly higher than the 6 9 for all of England 3 3 separated and 0 2 in same sex civil partnerships 2 7 and 0 2 respectively in England In 2011 there were 17 944 households in the Grantham urban area It had a slightly lower than average proportion of one person households 28 8 compared with England s figure of 30 2 most other households consisted of one family which was more common in Grantham than England as a whole 65 3 of the total compared with 61 8 in England This was because there were slightly higher than average rates of cohabiting couples 12 compared with 9 8 lone parent households 11 2 against 10 6 and married couples 34 2 compared with 33 2 but fewer people in multiple and other household types 5 9 compared with 8 113 114 The 2011 census showed the average age of Grantham s population to be in line with the national average the mean age was 39 3 and the median 39 years compared with 39 3 and 39 for England 24 8 of the population was under 20 versus 24 of England s and 22 4 of Grantham s population was aged over 60 compared with 22 of England s population 113 114 In 2011 80 7 of the population were in good or very good health compared to 81 4 in England and 5 4 in very bad or bad health exactly the same rate as in England 18 of people 9 3 in 16 64 year olds also reported having their day to day activities limited compared with 17 6 in England 8 2 in 16 64 year olds 113 114 As of 2011 Grantham had similar proportions of people who owned their homes with or without a mortgage 62 2 than in England 63 3 and who rented socially 17 1 compared with 17 7 nationally there was a slightly higher rate of private renting 18 8 compared with 16 8 while owner occupiers were more likely to be mortgaged than in England as a whole 55 7 of them compared with 51 8 The proportion of household spaces which are detached or semi detached houses is higher than average 27 8 and 33 6 compared with 22 3 and 30 7 while the proportion of households living in apartments flats and maisonettes is much lower 13 1 against 22 1 The proportion of terraced household spaces is similar 25 4 compared with 24 5 113 114 Workforce Edit Economic characteristics of residents aged 16 to 74 2011 113 114 Characteristic Grantham EnglandEconomic activityEconomically active 72 7 69 9 Employed 69 9 62 1 Full time employed 42 7 38 6 Retirees 13 9 13 7 Long term sick or disabled 3 9 4 0 Long term unemployed 1 6 1 7 IndustryAgriculture 0 9 0 8 Manufacturing 13 9 8 8 Construction 7 3 7 7 Wholesale and retail trade repair of vehicles 19 1 15 9 Transport and storage 5 0 5 0 Accommodation and food services 6 0 5 6 Information and communication 2 0 4 1 Financial and insurance 2 4 4 4 Professional scientific and technical 3 9 6 7 Public administration and defence 6 7 5 9 Education 7 7 9 9 Health and social work 12 9 12 4 OccupationManagers and directors 9 3 10 9 Professionals associate professionals 21 8 30 3 Administrative and secretarial 10 8 11 5 Sales and customer services 9 4 8 4 Caring leisure and other services 10 5 9 3 Skilled trades 12 8 11 4 Process plant and machine operatives 10 9 7 2 Elementary occupations 14 4 11 1 QualificationsNo qualifications 23 7 22 5 Level 4 or higher 19 8 27 4 In 2011 72 7 of Grantham s residents aged between 16 and 74 were economically active compared with 69 9 for all of England 65 6 were in employment compared with 62 1 nationally The proportion in full time employment is also comparatively high at 42 7 against 38 6 for England The proportion of retirees was in line with the national figure at 13 9 compared with 13 7 for England as was the proportion of long term sick or disabled 3 9 compared with England s 4 1 6 of people were long term unemployed compared with 1 7 in all of England The 2011 census revealed that the most common industry residents worked in were wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles 19 1 manufacturing 13 9 and human health and social work 12 9 The latter category was in line with the national average but retail and manufacturing were overrepresented compared with England where the proportions were 15 9 and 8 8 respectively Most other industries were under represented comparatively with financial services 2 4 versus 4 4 nationally information and communication 2 0 against 4 1 nationally and professional scientific and technical activities 3 9 compared with 6 7 especially so 113 114 Compared with the whole of England the workforce had modestly higher proportions of people in elementary occupations 14 4 compared with 11 1 process plant and machinery operative roles 10 9 against 7 2 skilled trades 12 8 versus 11 4 and caring and other service occupations 10 5 against 9 3 There was a much lower proportion of people in professional associate professional technical administrative and secretarial occupations than in England as a whole combined 32 6 versus 41 7 of England s population aged 16 74 principally driven by a lower proportion of full professionals 11 1 compared with 17 5 113 114 The proportion of residents aged 16 to 74 with no qualifications was 23 7 only slightly higher than the national figure 22 5 the proportion of residents whose highest qualification is at Level 1 or 2 equivalent to GCSEs is higher than in the national population but 19 8 of Grantham s population have a qualification at Level 4 or above Certificate of Higher Education upwards including graduates compared with 27 4 nationally 113 114 Deprivation Edit The government s Indices of Multiple Deprivation 2019 show that Grantham contains both dense pockets of deprivation and areas of substantial affluence The county council note that high levels of deprivation in parts of the town contrast with the less deprived rural hinterlands around it 115 A statistical area covering part of the Earlesfield estate falls within the most deprived 10 of areas in the country it is the most deprived place in South Kesteven Other parts of Earlesfield and the Cherry Orchard suburb fall within the most deprived 20 of areas nationally while much of the central urban area also falls below the national median and the top five most deprived areas in the district are all parts of Grantham However the Green Hill and Spinney housing estates and parts of Gonerby Hill Foot and Manthorpe fall within the least deprived decile nationally one of them is in the least 10 deprived places in South Kesteven 116 Transport EditRail Edit Class 91 Electric locomotive at the station in May 2004 looking south Bridge 66 on the Grantham Canal at Harlaxton Spittlegate Millhouse Grantham Grantham railway station is served by the London Edinburgh East Coast Main Line between Peterborough and Newark Northgate It is joined by the Nottingham to Skegness Line Poacher Line Liverpool Norwich trains also call at Grantham Electric trains began running in October 1988 Transport links to Nottingham and Peterborough attract some commuters The town s grammar schools also attract pupils from Radcliffe on Trent Bingham Newark and even Retford via the train citation needed Grantham is the best served station in Lincolnshire citation needed although after October 1970 most of Lincolnshire s branch lines were closed Before October 1970 the connection from King s Cross to Lincoln Central was through Grantham and followed the A607 via Leadenham After that date London Lincoln trains still passed through Grantham but then continued up the main line to Newark Northgate where the trains branched off to Lincoln St Marks Railway Station via a new curve just north of Newark In 1906 a rail accident killed 14 people citation needed On 3 July 1938 Mallard broke the world speed record for steam locomotives at 126 mph 203 km h on the slight downward grade of Stoke Bank south of Grantham on the East Coast Main Line Road Edit The Great North Road was routed through the town in 1196 The turnpike to the north reached the town in 1725 that to Stamford in 1739 to Nottingham in 1758 and that to Melton in 1780 The A1 main road from London to Edinburgh runs past the town which was bypassed in 1962 The A52 linking Nottingham and the East Coast was diverted from High Street onto the Inner Relief Road Sankt Augustin Way in 1998 Wharf Road and London Road junction is still a busy junction on the A607 for Lincoln Motorway style Grantham North Services at the north end of Grantham bypass is on a new junction which replaced a roundabout in May 2008 117 Grantham with Stamford had been earmarked for a bypass before the war in 1939 There were 60 serious accidents a year with three to four deaths After the war on 21 November 1945 there was a meeting at the Guildhall about the proposed bypass of the London Edinburgh Thurso trunk road for Grantham and Great Gonerby This was the first enquiry into a trunk road scheme in the country after the war The proposed route followed the current line from Little Ponton to College Farm except it was to be a single carriageway road citation needed On 8 February 1960 it was announced that a bypass would be built including the route south to the B6403 at Colsterworth Robert McGregor and Sons Ltd of Manchester would build the road for 1 856 009 The company went on to build Newark bypass in 1964 The bridges were built by Simon Carves of Cheadle Hulme It was formally opened on 10 October 1962 by James Heathcote Drummond Willoughby 3rd Earl of Ancaster then the Lord Lieutenant of Lincolnshire from 1950 to 1975 118 He was married to the only daughter of Nancy Astor Various attempts at one way systems in Grantham have been introduced but traffic delays are still commonplace Low railway bridges also add to traffic difficulties with lorries becoming stuck under them Many promises have been made by the local council for a Grantham bypass road The latest the Grantham Southern Relief Road has been in planning since 2007 Phase one of the project was completed in 2016 which provided access to some commercial facilitates and a new roundabout on the B1174 119 Phase Two started in October 2019 involves a new grade separated junction on the A1 and is due to be opened on the 20th December 2022 Phase three for the main stretch of road started in 2021 and due to be completed by 2023 In July 2022 it was found that ground conditions at a new viaduct were for as expected and the project would be delayed as the viaduct would need to be redesigned 120 121 Waterways Edit Grantham was once linked to Nottingham by the Grantham Canal It is possible to walk and cycle along the canal starting from Grantham near the A1 A607 intersection opposite The Farrier The River Witham runs through Grantham It has a riverside walk linking Dysart Park and Wyndham Park on which is a view of Spittlegate Mill The walk passes Inner Street allotment and the rear of Sainsbury s car park access to which is by a pedestrian bridge at the end of College Street There are other footbridges with views of the river and its weirs Swans ducks and trout are among the wildlife that can be seen along the river Education Edit Mannequin of Isaac Newton at Grantham Museum Grantham College a further education college for the district opened in 1948 for those not attending school sixth forms It has a satellite site at Sleaford Sleaford College citation needed Since September 2008 the Walton Academy in Kitty Briggs Lane near Harlaxton Road has run post 16 courses as Grantham s only sixth form college In September 2019 the school had its first intake of male students in the lower school making the former all girls school co educational 122 Two notable schools in the district are Kesteven and Grantham Girls School and The King s Grammar School Both have large sixth forms and eminent past students Britain s first female Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher attended Kesteven and Grantham and Isaac Newton famously attended The King s Both have remained single sex up to the age of 16 citation needed In 1970 Kesteven County Council based in Sleaford announced plans to turn the grammar schools into co educational comprehensives for ages of 11 16 and leave Grantham College the only sixth form for the town Later it was proposed to create two sixth form colleges from one of the grammar schools Other parts of Kesteven became comprehensive but responsibility for education passed to Lincolnshire under the local government reorganization of 1974 and both schools stayed as grammar schools citation needed Ex pupil Margaret Thatcher was education secretary at the time The governors of the King s School delayed the process in July 1973 and in January 1975 a plan to make Grantham comprehensive was voted against by the county council having been approved by the council s own education committee citation needed On 1 August 2011 The King s School ended its long relationship with the local elected authorities and the town of Grantham by converting to a selective academy It remains a selective boys school and has kept its name and logo 123 All four secondary modern schools are on the outskirts of Grantham Only three of the six secondary schools are co educational citation needed The Priory Ruskin Academy formerly Central Technology amp Sports College is a co educational school sited near Manthorpe In Gorse Lane is Grantham Preparatory School an independent school preparing entrants for the 11 plus examination citation needed Another private primary school is Dudley House School 124 Near St Wulfram s on Castlegate is the National Church of England Junior School 125 built in 1859 and a feeder school for the town s grammar schools citation needed The Blessed Hugh More School a Catholic secondary school closed in 1989 126 Governance Edit Grantham Guildhall completed in 1869 Grantham once lay within the ancient Winnibriggs and Threo wapentake in the Soke of Grantham in the Parts of Kesteven 127 Politically the town belongs to the Grantham and Stamford constituency represented in Parliament by Conservative Party Member of Parliament MP Gareth Davies elected at the 12 December 2019 general election 128 Two of Grantham s MPs in recent years Joe Godber and Douglas Hogg have been Secretary of State for Agriculture 129 Before 1974 the local area was represented by Grantham Borough Council based at Grantham Guildhall on St Peters Hill and West Kesteven Rural District based in Sandon Close The local authority is now South Kesteven District Council 130 The Grantham Charter Trustees have responsibility for ceremonial functions remaining from the former Grantham Borough Council They include civic ceremonies annual commemorative events hosting official visits and maintaining the town s regalia The Charter Trustees consist of the Grantham District Councillors on South Kesteven District Council Two members of these are elected annually as Mayor and Deputy Mayor of Grantham 131 The 2016 population put at 44 580 divides by electoral ward into Belmont 4 900 Grantham Arnoldfield 4 666 Grantham Barrowby Gate 5 195 Grantham Earlsfield 6 557 Grantham Harrowby 4 770 Grantham St Vincent s 7 637 Grantham St Wulfram s 5 461 and Grantham Springfield 5 394 1 Religious sites EditMain article St Wulfram s Church Grantham St Wulfram s Church Grantham Grantham has places of worship of various denominations 132 The main local landmark is the parish church of St Wulfram s which has the sixth highest spire among English churches at 282 1 2 feet 86 1 metres It is the second tallest church in Lincolnshire after St James Church in Louth It also holds England s first public library dating from 1598 when Francis Trigge rector of Welbourn gave 100 for a small chained library of books for the clergy and literate laity of Grantham 250 of the original volumes remain in a small room above the South Porch From October 1974 the church was permanently floodlit at night The Anglican church in the New Somerby district dedicated to St Anne and seating about 350 was erected as a mission church in 1884 and built of iron A mission church dedicated to St Saviour and seating about 150 was built of brick in the Little Gonerby district in 1884 133 134 The church of St John the Evangelist was built of stone in the Spittlegate district in 1840 1841 It seated about 1 100 135 Today the Deanery of Grantham still includes the churches of St Anne and St John the Evangelist amongst its 18 churches 136 The current suffragan Bishop of Grantham is Nicholas Chamberlain his official residence is in Long Bennington 137 The Catholic Church of St Mary the Immaculate stands in North Parade 138 Grantham Baptist Church is located in Wharf Road 139 Grantham Christchurch LEP Church United Reformed Church is located in Finkin Street 140 Harrowby Lane Methodist Church dates from the late 1920s 141 Finkin Street Methodist Church was a Wesleyan Methodist chapel built in the 1840s and attended by Margaret Thatcher Plans in 2014 to construct an Islamic cultural centre in the town created controversy including protests from right wing groups 142 Culture and amenities EditAmenities Edit Wyndham Park has two children s play areas There is an open air paddling pool football pitch and cafe Dysart Park has a paddling pool and safe play area for children under six a green for football and a bandstand Indoor amenities for children include a swimming pool at the Meres Leisure Centre The public library is located in the Sir Isaac Newton Centre On St Peter s Hill in the centre of town stands Grantham Museum and the Guildhall Arts Centre which includes a 210 seat theatre 143 Belton House is a popular National Trust site with events for children a play area train rides picnic area and woodland walk 144 Nature Edit Saltersford Marsh Grantham and its surrounding area host peregrine falcons which have in recent years roosted in the bell tower of St Wulfram s Church 145 Grantham is surrounded by rolling countryside and woodland such as nearby Ponton Park Wood which has walks and views of woods and farmland citation needed To the north east there are the attractive gardens and the magnificent deer park of the National Trust s Belton House Adjacent are Londonthorpe and Alma Park Woods both owned by the Woodland Trust The former comprises young woodland and open areas of wild flowers while Alma Park has mature woodland on its steep limestone scarp and offers views over the town and the surrounding area To the south of the town between Little Ponton and Saltersford the River Witham flows through marshes and water meadows that support a variety of plant species including vetches cowslip Primula veris Lady s bedstraw Galium verum and orchids including the southern marsh orchid and wildlife including grey herons mallards greylag geese water vole and the now critically endangered white clawed crayfish The area has notable populations of dragonflies especially Aeshna grandis Anax imperator Libellula quadrimaculata and Calopteryx splendens which are also found on Grantham Canal as it runs through The Vale of Belvoir to the west of the town Wildlife can also be found in the town s Wyndham and Dysart Parks citation needed The Woodland Trust is based in Dysart Road and has been in Grantham since 1978 its new 6 million building 146 on the opposite side of the road opened in November 2010 The building designed by Atelier One and Max Fordham has won several architectural awards 147 Gingerbread biscuits Edit The town is known for gingerbread biscuits first made in 1740 by a baker William Eggleston He produced a biscuit called Grantham Whetstones Whetstones were a rusk like dry biscuit enjoyed locally and by coach drivers who would stop in Grantham to change horses while travelling along the Great North Road According to folk belief Egglestone was baking whetstones in his dimly lit kitchen one morning when he mistook one ingredient for another resulting in a ginger like biscuit to emerge from the oven The mistake was a huge success and the biscuit became established as Grantham Gingerbread known as a white gingerbread as it is not made with molasses or black treacle This has a delicate ginger flavour rich in butter with a domed top and a crackled surface The centre is hollow like a honeycomb 148 Media Edit Grantham Radio Station owned by NATS En Route Limited for radio navigation for aircraft and is situated in the north of Waltham near the Sproxton parish boundaryGrantham s local newspaper the Grantham Journal 149 first went on sale in 1854 as The Grantham Journal of Useful Instructive and Entertaining Knowledge and Monthly Advertiser This was shortened to its current name a few years later citation needed It was founded by Henry Escritt a Yorkshireman by birth who moved to the area in 1861 The Journal is owned by Iliffe Media formerly by Johnston Press and has a sister newspaper in Melton Mowbray the Melton Times In the 1960s and earlier it produced the Melton Journal and Rutland Journal both versions of the main paper It also produces a Bingham edition citation needed David Wood CBE 1914 1990 former political editor of The Times working under Sir William Haley started out at the Grantham Journal There is a small FM radio transmitter near the town s bypass in Gorse Lane from which BBC Lincolnshire and Lincs FM broadcast Most television programmes are broadcast from Waltham between Grantham and Melton due to the line of sight to Belmont being blocked by hills to the east of the town citation needed Grantham also has a full time community radio station Gravity FM which broadcasts from its own transmitter at The Maltings in Springfield Road and also online Since redevelopment the station has its own studios in Riverside Walk on the western side of Grantham College It is operated by local volunteers 150 Sport EditFootball Edit Grantham Town Football Club the local football team currently plays in the Evo Stik Northern Premier League It was founded in 1874 and now uses the 7 500 capacity covered 1 950 seats 750 South Kesteven Sports Stadium although average attendances are well below that 151 The ground also doubles as the town s athletics stadium one of only three in Lincolnshire next to the Grantham Meres Leisure Centre on Trent Road 152 Harrowby United F C in Dickens Road near the Church of the Ascension is in the UCL United Countries League Division One league citation needed Kesteven RFC pitch in April 2006 Rugby Union Edit Kesteven Rugby Football Club was founded in 1947 and plays at Woodnook off the B6403 It fields two men s teams a ladies XV and many junior sides Hockey Edit Grantham Hockey Club which fielded men s and women s team in league hockey played at the Meres Leisure Centre on an astro turf pitch directly behind the football stadium 153 In 2011 the men ended a long spell in the Midlands League moving to the East League successfully earning promotion to Division 5 North West Their story is documented in 1 309 Days Later the title a reference to a no win spell between 2006 and 2009 154 Bowls Edit Grantham bowls players have represented the indoor and outdoor clubs in county and national competitions Indoor club players Martin Pulling Dion Auckland Ian Johnson and former England U25 player Mathew Orrey have played for the England squad 155 156 Table tennis Edit In 1993 and 1994 international team matches were held in Grantham at the South Kesteven Table Tennis Centre which was opened in January 1992 by Johnny Leach Grantham College have a Table Tennis Academy 157 Twinning Edit Sankt Augustin North Rhine Westphalia Germany near Bonn 57 000 population twinned 158 since 1980 The A52 relief road is named Sankt Augustin Way Sankt Augustin has its Grantham Allee and Grantham Bridge 159 Landmarks Edit The living pub sign of The Beehive at 10 Castlegate Grantham Guildhall on St Peters Hill designed by William Watkin The Red House on North Parade former Oddfellows Arms Grantham House is to the east of the church and a National Trust property Grantham has the country s only living public house sign a beehive of South African bees situated outside the Beehive Inn since 1830 Grantham Guildhall on St Peter s Hill is now the Guildhall Arts Centre 160 Edith Smith Way is a road next to the Arts Centre named after England s first policewoman Mary Allen and Ellen F Harburn reported for duty on 27 November 1914 161 Mary Allen was a former suffragette and had been previously arrested outside the House of Commons and later went on to be the commandant of the UK s women s police force from the 1920s up to 1940 She helped to set up women s police forces in other countries including Germany Edith Smith became the first female with powers of arrest in August 1915 162 Sandon Road is named after Viscount Sandon also the Earl of Harrowby The first person with the title was Dudley Ryder 1st Earl of Harrowby a road is also named after him He bought Harrowby Hall in 1754 The current owner is Dudley Ryder 8th Earl of Harrowby citation needed The Blue Pig one of many Blue pubs stands in Vine Street near the Church of St Wulfram The building is one of probably only four remaining Tudor buildings in the town and a survivor of the disastrous fires of the 1660s citation needed It was first mentioned as an inn in a trade directory of 1846 when the landlord was one Richard Summersby The property was then owned by the Manners family giving the derivation of Blue in the name citation needed The water tower on Gorse Lane is a local landmark for driversThe nearby George Hotel known as St Peter s Place now the George Shopping Centre was mentioned in Charles Dickens s novel Nicholas Nickleby Many of the town s property and industrial estates have been owned by Buckminster Trust Estates since the time of the Earl of Dysart citation needed To the west of the town near the A607 is Baird s maltings owned by Moray Firth until 1999 and before that by R amp W Paul Other maltings have been converted for residential use such as Riverview Maltings near the river formerly owned by Lee amp Grinling s citation needed Grantham JobCentre was opened on 24 June 1975 by local MP Joseph Godber citation needed Grantham and District Hospital stands next to the Priory Ruskin Academy on the A607 in the north of the town The maternity unit opened in August 1972 is now a midwife staffed unit citation needed Nearby are many historic houses including 17th century Belton House the Brownlows early 19th century Harlaxton Manor the Gregorys Stoke Rochford Hall owned by the Turnors and since 1978 a training centre of the NUT and the 19th century Belvoir Castle the Manners in Leicestershire Much of the property and land to the south west of the area is owned by the two estates of Belvoir and Buckminster citation needed Further to the south of Stoke Rochford are the Cholmeleys of Easton Hall On 15 May 2022 a 10 foot 6 inch 3 2 m high bronze statue of Margaret Thatcher dressed in the full ceremonial robes of the House of Lords by sculptor Douglas Jennings and costing 300 000 was installed 163 Located on St Peter s Hill Green close to the Grantham Museum it was placed on a 10 foot 6 inch 3 2 m tall plinth to discourage vandalism but was attacked with eggs within two hours of its unveiling 164 163 165 Further information Public houses and inns in GranthamNotable people Edit Sir Isaac Newton by William Theed 1858 bronze St Peter s Hill Grantham The corner shop where Margaret Thatcher was born North Parade Grantham Location 52 54 57 09 N 0 38 42 40 W 52 9158583 N 0 6451111 W 52 9158583 0 6451111 Armed forces and police Edit Philip Knights Baron Knights 1920 2014 police officer Walter Richard Parker VC 1881 1936 Royal Marine awarded the Victoria Cross at Gallipoli 166 Edith Smith 1876 1924 first woman police officer with full arrest powersArts and entertainment Edit Antonio Berardi born 1968 fashion designer Judy Campbell 1916 2004 actor and playwright Syd Cain 1918 2011 film production designer Eric Chappell born 1933 comedy writer Colley Cibber 1671 1757 actor playwright and poet laureate attended The King s School Grantham Dorothy Cowlin 1911 2010 novelist born in Grantham Johnny Haddon Downes 1920 2004 television producer Vince Eager born 1940 singer Graham Fellows born 1959 actor and musician 167 Michael Garner born 1954 actor Holly Humberstone born 1999 singer and songwriter Henry Johnson 1806 1910 circus equestrian gymnast and acrobat Jessie Lipscomb 1861 1962 sculptor Nicholas Maw 1935 2009 composer Richard Nauyokas born 1962 soldier and actor Nicholas Parsons 1923 2020 television and radio presenter Roy Petley born 1951 Grantham born plein air painter William Stukeley 1687 1765 antiquarian 168 169 Richard Todd 1919 2009 actor Clare Tomlinson born 1968 news presenter Edward Crook 1988 actor Ady Suleiman 1992 singer songwriterCrime Edit Beverley Allitt born 1968 serial killer 170 171 172 Politics and philosophy Edit Mary Sophia Allen 1878 1964 suffragist women s rights activist and Nazi sympathizer Sir John Brownlow 3rd Baronet 1659 1697 politician and landowner William Bury c 1605 1669 Commonwealth politician and army officer William Cecil 1st Baron Burghley 1520 1598 statesman and Secretary of State attended the King s School Sir Clement Cotterell died 1631 courtier and MP for Grantham Sir John Cust 1718 1770 MP for Grantham 1743 1770 and Speaker of the House of Commons Joseph Godber Lord Godber 1914 1980 was Conservative MP for Grantham in 1951 1979 and held several government posts Douglas Hogg Lord Hailsham born 1945 was a Conservative politician and minister and MP for Grantham 1979 1997 Denis Kendall MP for Grantham 1942 1950 John Mordaunt died c 1505 MP for Grantham in 1491 and Speaker of the House of Commons Henry More 1614 1687 rationalist philosopher attended The King s School Thomas Paine 1737 1809 political writer and revolutionary Margot Parker born 1943 UKIP MEP 2014 2019 Sir Arthur Priestley 1865 1933 Liberal MP for Grantham 1900 1918 Alderman Alfred Roberts 1892 1970 local politician Nathaniel Ryder 1st Baron Harrowby 1735 1803 politician Norman Shrapnel 1912 2004 political correspondent and author Margaret Thatcher 1925 2013 Conservative Prime Minister daughter of Alfred Roberts Thomas Witham c 1420 1489 Chancellor of the Exchequer to Henry VI and Edward IVReligion Edit Bishop John Still effigy in Wells Cathedral Frederic Barker 1808 1882 Anglican Bishop of Sydney attended The King s School Tim Ellis born 1953 Anglican suffragan Bishop of Grantham 2006 2013 Arthur Greaves 1873 1960 Anglican suffragan Bishop of Grantham and later Grimsby Gregory Hascard died 1708 Anglican Dean of Windsor and religious writer Dennis Hawker 1921 2003 Anglican suffragan Bishop of Grantham 1972 1987 John Hine 1857 1934 Anglican bishop successively of Nyasaland Zanzibar Northern Rhodesia and Grantham 1920 1930 Welbore MacCarthy 1840 1925 Anglican Archdeacon of Calcutta and later inaugural suffragan Bishop of Grantham 1905 1920 Algernon Markham 1869 1949 Anglican suffragan Bishop of Grantham 1937 1949 James McCann 1897 1983 Anglican Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland Anthony Otter 1896 1986 Anglican suffragan Bishop of Grantham 1949 1965 John Still 1593 1608 Bishop of Bath and Wells once thought to have written an early farce Gammer Gurton s Needle Doris Stokes 1920 1987 spiritualist and psychic medium William Wand 1885 1977 Anglican prelate successively Archbishop of Brisbane Bishop of Bath and Wells and Bishop of LondonScience and engineering Edit Rivercourt Methodist Church Hammersmith London designed by Charles Bell Charles Bell 1846 1899 architect William Clarke 1609 1682 apothecary and tutor to Isaac Newton Maxwell Hutchinson born 1948 architect Isaac Newton 1642 1726 27 physicist and mathematician Mark A O Neill born 1959 biologist and computer scientist Thomas James Smith 1827 1896 pharmacist and founder of the medical equipment firm Smith amp NephewSports Edit Shaun Balfe born 1972 racing driver Patrick Bamford born 1993 professional footballer with Leeds United and the England national football team 173 Terry Bly 1935 2009 professional footballer died in Grantham Ian Bowyer born 1951 professional footballer Roderick Bradley born 1983 American footballer John Broughton 1873 1952 first class cricketer Olympic gold medal winning tennis player Charles P Dixon Charles P Dixon 1873 1939 Olympic gold silver and bronze medal winning tennis player Mathew Dowman born 1974 first class cricketer Dave Gilbert born 1963 professional footballer Arthur Green 1885 post 1912 professional footballer Timothy Grubb 1954 2010 Olympic show jumper Cyril Hatton 1918 1987 professional footballer 174 Richard Holmes born 1980 professional footballer Richard Howitt born 1977 first class cricketer Vikki Hubbard born 1989 international high jumper Dickie Joynes 1877 1949 professional footballer Alastair McCorquodale 1925 2009 Scottish athlete and first class cricketer died in Grantham Harry Pringle 1900 1965 professional footballer died in Grantham Arnold Rylott 1839 1914 first class cricketer David Storer born 1968 former cricketer Simon Terry 1974 2021 Olympic Bronze medal winning archer Tom Wells born 1993 first class cricketer William Woof 1858 1937 first class cricketer Ashley Wright born 1980 first class cricketer Luke Wright born 1985 first class cricketerSee also EditBlue pubsReferences EditNotes Edit Granfum is also sometimes heard in the early 21st century 6 There is some 1930s era and earlier post war housing lining Manthorpe Road the A607 and some older housing in Gonerby Hill Foot 24 Alongside this estate a smaller fee was held by the Abbot of Peterborough whose tenant was called Kolgrimr in 1086 and 77 tofts held by sokeman tenants of thegns settled nearby 47 The manor stayed in royal hands and was often granted to a queen or queen mother for life In 1696 William III granted it without reversion to William Bentinck 1st Earl of Portland 51 The earl s eventual successor the 3rd Duke of Portland sold the manor to Lord William Manners in 1767 52 He gave it to his illegitimate son John Manners 52 53 who married Louisa Tollemache a daughter of the Earl of Dysart a title she later inherited in her own right 53 their son William along with Buckminster Park inherited the lordship of the manor He was created a baronet and adopted the surname Talmash or Tollemache It then passed to his son who also inherited the Dysart title as the 8th Earl in 1833 54 55 56 By the late 20th century the lordship was held by trustees of the Buckminster Estate 57 a b c d Residents aged 16 and over a b c d Households Citations Edit a b Ward level population estimates Experimental Statistics Office for National Statistics www ons gov uk Thomas Paine Alford Lincolnshire alford Mills 2011 Nicklin 1920 p 15 Grantham Collins English Dictionary Retrieved 17 December 2020 Pinchbeck 2018 s It s the Way You Say It a b Election Maps Ordnance Survey Retrieved 14 December 2020 Honeybone 1988 p 126 a b About the Parish Londonthorpe and Harrowby Without Parish Council Retrieved 14 December 2020 a b c Lane 2011 p 9 White 1979 pp 1 2 Harlaxton to Grantham Google Maps Retrieved 14 December 2020 Grantham Underground Grantham Matters 21 March 2019 Retrieved 14 December 2020 a b c Geology of Britain 3D British Geological Survey Retrieved 14 December 2020 a b c Soilscapes Map Landis org uk Retrieved 14 December 2020 Robinson 2001 pp 8 9 South Kesteven District Council 2007 pp 37 44 Measom 1861 p 145 Robinson 2001 p 9 History Grantham Canal Society Retrieved 14 December 2020 a b c Grantham Bing Maps Retrieved 14 December 2020 Toggle the Ordnance Survey layer for contours South Kesteven District Council 2011 pp 47 49 53 61 86 South Kesteven District Council 2011 pp 153 155 164 South Kesteven District Council 2011 pp 157 160 South Kesteven District Council 2011 pp 103 121 South Kesteven District Council 2011 pp 105 289 For New Somerby see 1 10 560 Ordnance Survey Map of Lincolnshire dated 1947 50 retrieved via Old Maps co uk on 16 December 2020 South Kesteven District Council 2011 pp 184 186 188 191 South Kesteven District Council 2011 pp 125 129 167 169 171 174 a b For council estates see Honeybone 1988 pp 88 89 South Kesteven District Council 2011 pp 279 288 South Kesteven District Council 2011 pp 139 141 194 198 200 206 208 210 211 218 Climate of the World England and Scotland Weather Online Retrieved 8 July 2020 Archived 8 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine a b Cranwell 1991 2020 averages Met Office Retrieved 25 February 2022 Monthly Extreme Maximum Temperature Starlings Roost Weather Retrieved 5 February 2023 Monthly Extreme Minimum Temperature Starlings Roost Weather Retrieved 5 February 2023 Lane 2011 pp 11 16 a b c Honeybone 1988 p 15 Lane 2011 pp 16 17 Lane 2011 pp 10 17 20 For the distance from Grantham town centre to Cold Harbour see 52 9029343 0 640257 13z Google Maps Retrieved 18 December 2020 Lane 2011 p 20 a b Roffe 2011 p 21 Stenton 1971 p 525 Roffe 2011 p 36 Roffe 2011 pp 26 29 Roffe 2011 pp 28 29 a b Honeybone 1988 p 33 White 1976 pp 559 560 Manterfield 2011 pp 39 40 a b Honeybone 1988 p 35 a b Turnor 1806 p 61 a b Drummond 1964 Honeybone 1988 p 43 Port amp Thorne 1986 Jenkins 2009 Honeybone 1988 p 38 a b Manterfield 2011 pp 40 41 Honeybone 1988 p 16 a b Honeybone 1988 pp 25 26 Manterfield 2011 pp 41 42 Honeybone 1988 p 26 Manterfield 2011 pp 42 43 Manterfield 2011 p 41 a b Manterfield 2011 p 43 Haigh 1990 p 127 a b Honeybone 1988 pp 26 27 Honeybone 1988 p 29 Dixon amp Taylor 2011 pp 237 238 Manterfield 2011 p 44 Neil R Wright 2016 Treading the Boards Actors and theatres in Georgian Lincolnshire SLHA p 68 Leleux Robin 1976 The East Midlands A regional history of the railways of Great Britain Vol 9 pp 86 91 Historic England Boston Sleaford and Midland Counties Railway 1365060 Research records formerly PastScape Retrieved 6 June 2013 Boston Sleaford and Midland Counties railway A vision of Britain through time Retrieved 6 June 2013 a b c Historical maps History of Grantham in South Kesteven and Lincolnshire A Vision of Britain through Time GB Historical GIS University of Portsmouth Retrieved 6 June 2013 Grantham Registration District www ukbmd org uk a b 314 315 GRANTHAM TOWNSCAPE ASSESSMENT APPENDICES APPENDIX A HISTORIC MAPS OF THE STUDY AREA heritage study and town plan South Kesteven County Council Retrieved 6 June 2013 Grantham Golf Club Golf s Missing Links website Accessed 21 September 2022 Grantham The Drill Hall Project Retrieved 9 December 2017 Telegraph co uk St Vincents Raymond Harwood 9th Troop Carrier Command Publicenquiry co uk Archived from the original on 1 December 2008 Retrieved 30 July 2009 a b Johnston Philip Ralph RAF Spitalgate formerly RAF Grantham Retrieved 7 June 2013 Spitalgate Grantham Airfield History Bomber County Bomber County Aviation Resource 2010 Retrieved 7 June 2013 Media First Courses Grantham College Chapter 6 Vehicle Inspectorate PDF National asset register National records office Archived from the original PDF on 17 November 2012 Retrieved 7 June 2013 Grantham 33 VOSA Retrieved 7 June 2013 Backbone radio link and radio standby to line links for safeguarding vital communications British GPO paper The National Archives United Kingdom CAB 134 1207 July 1956 permanent dead link here RAF Details RAF History Archived from the original on 6 April 2012 Retrieved 17 July 2015 Membership Machineguncorps co uk Archived from the original on 11 July 2009 Retrieved 30 July 2009 Grantham Journal 19 December 1914 Town remembers first policewoman BBC News 13 January 2006 Retrieved 1 March 2011 Seaman and Hornsby www gracesguide co uk Richard Hornsby and Sons gracesguide co uk Richard Hornsby Vaporizing Oil Engine Engines rustyiron com 7 December 1910 Archived from the original on 2 December 2008 Retrieved 30 July 2009 Patent number 916601 United States Patent Office 30 March 1909 Retrieved 11 July 2012 Aveling Barford Graces Guide www gracesguide co uk South Kesteven District Council Archived from the original on 24 September 2015 Retrieved 21 June 2017 Distribution amp Logistics in Grantham Grantham town pages Retrieved 5 June 2013 Hart Bob Updated Fenland Foods workers to protest Grantham Journal Archived from the original on 27 June 2009 Retrieved 30 July 2009 TE KyteLabs InfoBase Embedded Control and Analog Design 1998 Retrieved 5 June 2013 Parker Acquires Tecknit Division of Technical Wire Products LLC and its Affiliates thomasnet news 16 October 2006 Retrieved 5 June 2013 Christian Salvesen Easton factory sold Grantham Journal Archived from the original on 2 August 2012 Retrieved 30 July 2009 All news from the East Midlands Thisisbusiness eastmidlands co uk Retrieved 30 July 2009 1992 Company History Grantham Book Services GBS was the first to be awarded the prestigious British Book Awards Distributor of the Year Award Lincolnshire Research Observatory PDF Retrieved 21 June 2017 Les routiers award Stoke Rochford Hall Archived from the original on 24 June 2013 Retrieved 7 June 2013 Griffin Inn Irnham Hotels Restaurants and Pubs Les Routiers 2012 Archived from the original on 17 May 2013 Retrieved 6 June 2013 Award winner 2012 Griffin Good pubs guide 2012 Retrieved 6 June 2013 Winners of the prestigious Les Routiers best B amp B 2012 BBC News Lincolnshire 25 August 2010 M amp S confirms three store closures in Lincolnshire Retrieved 25 August 2010 Value goods store Boyes to move into former M amp S store in Grantham Archived from the original on 13 October 2012 Retrieved 12 September 2013 Crown House PDF Archived from the original PDF on 3 July 2013 Retrieved 21 June 2017 Defined as the ONS E35001363 area the urban area without Great Gonerby a b c d e f g h i j k l Grantham Built Up Area Sub Division Local Area Report Nomis Official Labour Market Statistics Office for National Statistics Archived from the original on 19 December 2022 Retrieved 19 December 2022 a b c d e f g h i j k l England Country Report Nomis Official Labour Market Statistics Office for National Statistics Archived from the original on 22 June 2020 Retrieved 28 June 2020 Lincolnshire County Council 2019 p 4 Indices of Deprivation 2015 and 2019 Department for Levelling Up Housing and Communities Retrieved 21 December 2022 See also the full index File 1 which can be downloaded at English indices of deprivation 2019 HM Government Retrieved 21 December 2022 Highways Agency Gonerby Moor Progress Photos Highways gov uk 1 April 2008 Archived from the original on 9 July 2009 Retrieved 30 July 2009 Concrete Quarterly 55 page 32 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 4 July 2011 Retrieved 21 June 2017 Schubert Chris Grantham Southern Relief Road Lincolnshire County Council Retrieved 6 December 2022 Schubert Chris Unexpected engineering issue for Grantham Southern Relief Road project Lincolnshire County Council Retrieved 6 December 2022 Schubert Chris Grantham Southern Relief Road Lincolnshire County Council Retrieved 21 December 2020 Boys WILL be going to Walton Girls Grantham Matters 11 March 2018 Retrieved 6 October 2019 200 invalid request www kings lincs sch uk Archived from the original on 18 July 2013 Retrieved 21 June 2017 Dudley House School Ofsted Retrieved 19 May 2011 The National Church of England Junior School Home Schools etc site Retrieved 19 May 2011 Vision of Britain site Retrieved 16 March 2012 Moss Adam 13 December 2019 New MP Gareth Davies takes over in Grantham and Stamford lincolnshirelive MPs expenses clearing the moat at Douglas Hogg s manor The Telegraph 12 May 2009 Archived from the original on 12 January 2022 Retrieved 12 July 2020 South Kesteven District Council elections New mayor of Grantham elected Grantham Journal 8 May 2019 Retrieved 12 July 2020 The Churches of Britain and Ireland Grantham www churches uk ireland org St Anne Grantham A Church Near You http www churches uk ireland org images lincs grantham anne jpg bare URL image file GENUKI Genuki Grantham Lincolnshire The Deanery of Grantham Diocese of Lincoln website Diocese of Lincoln Archived from the original on 1 August 2009 Retrieved 29 May 2012 Who s Who The Area Bishops Diocese of Lincoln website Diocese of Lincoln Archived from the original on 4 January 2012 Retrieved 29 May 2012 Welcome to St Mary s Grantham Archived from the original on 5 November 2011 Retrieved 29 May 2012 Grantham Baptist Church granthambaptistchurch co uk ChristChurch Grantham Retrieved 21 June 2017 Harrowby Lane Methodist Church Archived from the original on 9 November 2017 Retrieved 21 June 2017 Picture of site where controversial Islamic cultural centre could be built ITV News Guildhall Arts Centre www guildhallartscentre com Belton House Lincolnshire National Trust St Wulfram s Church Peregrine falcons set up nest on top of A1 pylon near Grantham Grantham Journal 18 April 2021 Retrieved 1 December 2022 BBC New eco friendly HQ for Woodland Trust in Grantham 15 November 2010 Feilden Clegg Bradley Woodlands Trust Headquarters Grantham Building Design Online Retrieved 23 November 2012 Foods of England project Retrieved 31 December 2018 The Latest News amp Sport From Grantham Grantham Journal Gravityfm net Archived from the original on 14 January 2014 Retrieved 21 June 2017 South Kesteven Sports Stadium Runtrackdir com Retrieved 30 July 2009 Meres Centre Tickets Grantham Ents24 com Archived from the original on 27 September 2007 Retrieved 30 July 2009 Grantham Hockey Club Grantham Hockey Club friendly welcoming Lincolnshire hockey club granthamhockey co uk Pennington John 6 August 2012 1 309 Days Later The story of how a dreary Lincolnshire market town s hockey team went from being at the bottom of a very big pile to making headlines CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform ASIN 1469900386 Junior Men s International Trial English Indoor Bowling Association Ltd Retrieved 26 November 2011 Grantham and District Indoor Bowling Club Retrieved 26 November 2011 Table Tennis Academy Archived from the original on 8 August 2012 Retrieved 21 June 2017 Sankt augustin de Archived from the original on 8 February 2013 Bonn Rhein Sieg University of Applied Sciences University Addresses and how to find us Sankt Augustin by train Fh brs de 3 March 2009 Archived from the original on 19 July 2011 Retrieved 30 July 2009 Historic England Town Hall Grantham 1360282 National Heritage List for England Retrieved 12 July 2020 Mary Allen Spartacus Educational com Archived from the original on 25 April 2009 Retrieved 27 February 2019 Town remembers first policewoman BBC News 13 January 2006 Retrieved 30 July 2009 a b Margaret Thatcher statue plans unveiled Grantham Museum 26 November 2018 Retrieved 16 May 2022 Brown Mark 15 May 2022 Margaret Thatcher statue egged within hours of it being installed The Guardian Retrieved 15 May 2022 Laver Adam 15 May 2022 Police issue statement over egg thrown at Margaret Thatcher statue LincolnshireLive Retrieved 18 May 2022 Walter Parker 1888 1936 www granthammatters co uk 19 August 2012 Retrieved 8 June 2013 Graham Fellows www corrie net William Stukeley at Grantham Retrieved 29 January 2011 William Stukeley Grantham doctor Archived 27 August 2011 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 29 January 2011 Nurse only link to children s deaths The Guardian Manchester 16 February 1993 Jenkins Lin 18 May 1993 Shadows of death fell across Ward 4 The Times London Jenkins Lin 18 May 1993 Killings fed a craving for attention The Times London Bamford deal a sign of the times BBC Sport Retrieved 1 January 2014 Grantham Matters Retrieved 17 March 2016 Bibliography Edit Dixon Philip Taylor Gary 2011 The Angel and Royal and Its Architectural Context In Start David Stocker David eds The Making of Grantham The Medieval Town Heckington Heritage Trust of Lincolnshire pp 237 252 ISBN 9780948639593 Drummond Mary M 1964 Manners John 1730 92 of Grantham Grange Lincs In Namier Sir Lewis Brooke John eds The House of Commons 1754 1790 The History of Parliament Vol 3 London Her Majesty s Stationery Office for the History of Parliament Trust OCLC 26658760 Haigh Christopher 1990 The Cambridge Historical Encyclopedia of Great Britain and Ireland Cambridge Cambridge University Press ISBN 9780521395526 Honeybone Michael 1988 The Book of Grantham The History of a Market and Manufacturing Town 2nd ed Buckingham Barracuda Books ISBN 9780860234258 Jenkins Terry 2009 Tollemache Lionel William John 1794 1878 of 1 Hyde Park Place Mdx In Fisher D R ed The House of Commons 1820 1832 The History of Parliament Vol 7 Cambridge Cambridge University Press for the History of Parliament Trust ISBN 9780521193146 Lane Tom 2011 Grantham Before the Town The Archaeological Evidence In Start David Stocker David eds The Making of Grantham The Medieval Town Heckington Heritage Trust of Lincolnshire pp 9 20 ISBN 9780948639593 Lincolnshire County Council 2019 Indices of Multiple Deprivation 2019 PDF Lincoln Lincolnshire County Council Archived from the original PDF on 29 June 2020 Manterfield John 2011 Grantham in the Later Medieval Period In Start David Stocker David eds The Making of Grantham The Medieval Town Heckington Heritage Trust of Lincolnshire pp 39 50 ISBN 9780948639593 Measom George 1861 The Official Illustrated Guide to the Great Northern Railway London Griffin Bohn and Co Mills A D 2011 Grantham In Mills A D ed A Dictionary of British Place Names Oxford Oxford University Press p 242 ISBN 9780191739446 Nicklin T 1920 The Sounds of Standard English with Some Notes on Accidence and Syntax Oxford Clarendon Press OCLC 1085211975 Pinchbeck John 2018 Secret Grantham Stroud Amberley Publishing ISBN 9781445676517 Port M H Thorne R G 1986 Manners Sir William 1st Bt 1766 1833 of Buckminster Park Leics In Thorne R G ed The House of Commons 1790 1820 The History of Parliament Vol 4 London Secker and Warburg for the History of Parliament Trust ISBN 9780436521010 Robinson David N 2001 Natural Regions In Bennett Stewart Bennett Nicholas eds An Historical Atlas of Lincolnshire 2nd ed Chichester Phillimore and Co pp 8 9 ISBN 9781860771668 Roffe David 2011 The Early History of Grantham In Start David Stocker David eds The Making of Grantham The Medieval Town Heckington Heritage Trust of Lincolnshire pp 21 38 ISBN 9780948639593 South Kesteven District Council 2007 South Kesteven Landscape Character Assessment Grantham South Kesteven District Council South Kesteven District Council 2011 Grantham Townscape Assessment Grantham South Kesteven District Council archived from the original on 12 February 2021 Stenton Frank M 1971 Anglo Saxon England Oxford History of England 3rd ed Oxford Oxford University Press ISBN 9780192801395 Turnor Edmund 1806 Collections for the History of the Town and Soke of Grantham London William Miller OCLC 1089905381 White Andrew 1979 Lincolnshire Museums Information Sheet Antiquities from the River Witham Part I Prehistoric and Roman PDF Archaeology Series vol 12 Lincoln Lincolnshire Museums OCLC 819665966 White Graeme 1976 King Stephen Duke Henry and Ranulf de Gernons Earl of Chester The English Historical Review 91 360 555 565 doi 10 1093 ehr XCI CCCLX 555 JSTOR 566626 Youngs Frederic A 1991 Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England vol 2 London Royal Historical Society ISBN 9780861931279Further reading EditHistorical overviews of some or all of Grantham s history can be found in Allen Thomas Grantham soke and town in Thomas Allen ed The History of the County of Lincoln from the Earliest Period to the Present Time vol 2 London and Lincoln John Saunders Jr 1834 pp 300 317 Couth Bill ed Grantham During the Interregnum The Hall Book of Grantham 1641 1649 The Publications of the Lincoln Record Society no 83 Woodbridge Boydell Press for the Lincoln Record Society 1995 Manterfield John B The Topographical Development of the Pre Industrial Town of Grantham Lincolnshire 1535 1835 unpublished Ph D thesis University of Exeter 1981 Manterfield John B ed Borough Government in Newton s Grantham The Hall Book of Grantham 1649 1662 The Publications of the Lincoln Record Society no 106 Woodbridge Boydell Press for the Lincoln Record Society 2016 Martin G H The Royal Charters of Grantham 1463 1688 Leicester Leicester University Press 1963 Histories of more specific aspects of the town s history include Branson S J A History of the King s School Grantham Gloucester Alan Sutton 1988 Cartwright Adam Mowbray and Co Ltd Brewers of Grantham 1837 1952 Lincolnshire History and Archaeology vol 49 2017 Crook Ruth The History of Vine House and Vine Street Grantham Grantham Grantham Civic Society 2014 Kesteven and Grantham Girls School The History of Kesteven and Grantham Girls School 1910 1987 Grantham Kesteven and Grantham Girls School 1987 Manterfield John B Grantham Apothecaries Further Notes Lincolnshire History and Archaeology vol 25 1990 Manterfield John B Edward Pawlett of Grantham A Provincial Bookseller 1660 1687 Lincolnshire History and Archaeology vol 29 1994 Pointer Michael Hornsbys of Grantham 1815 1918 Grantham Bygone Grantham 1976 Pointer Michael The Glory of Grantham Story of St Wulfram s Church Grantham Bygone Grantham 1978 Pointer Michael Ruston amp Hornsby Grantham 1918 1963 Grantham Bygone Grantham 1984 Wilson Catherine M Industrial Archaeology Notes Lincolnshire History and Archaeology vol 12 1977 concerning Bjorlow Leather Works and Coles Cranes Factory Wright Neil R Lincolnshire Towns and Industry 1700 1914 History of Lincolnshire no 11 Lincoln History of Lincolnshire Committee of the Society for Lincolnshire History and Archaeology 1982 Additionally privately published works of a historical nature include Ruth Crook and Barbara Jeffries s The History of Little Gonerby and its School Grantham privately published 2008 and The History of Gonerby Hill Foot and its School Grantham privately published 2008 Collections of photographs include the Bygone Grantham series 6 vols Grantham Bygone Grantham 1977 1987 edited by Michael Pointer and Malcolm Knapp Knapp also compiled Grantham The War Years 1939 1945 A Pictorial Insight Newland Lincolnshire Books 1995 Various collections of newspaper cuttings and excerpts under the title Grantham in the News by John R Pinchbeck were published in five volumes between 1999 and 2010 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Grantham Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Grantham Grantham tourist information business services community information youth zone news published by Kesteven District Council Grantham Journal Newspaper A Grantham directoryPortals England United Kingdom Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Grantham amp oldid 1145447717, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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