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Growth factor

February 16, 2024

"Growth factors" redirects here. For the journal, see Growth Factors (journal).

A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cell proliferation, wound healing, and occasionally cellular differentiation.[1] Usually it is a secreted protein or a steroid hormone. Growth factors are important for regulating a variety of cellular processes.

Growth factors typically act as signaling molecules between cells. Examples are cytokines and hormones that bind to specific receptors on the surface of their target cells.

They often promote cell differentiation and maturation, which varies between growth factors. For example, epidermal growth factor (EGF) enhances osteogenic differentiation (osteogenesis or bone formation),[2] while fibroblast growth factors and vascular endothelial growth factors stimulate blood vessel differentiation (angiogenesis).

Comparison to cytokines edit

Growth factor is sometimes used interchangeably among scientists with the term cytokine.[3] Historically, cytokines were associated with hematopoietic (blood and lymph forming) cells and immune system cells (e.g., lymphocytes and tissue cells from spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes). For the circulatory system and bone marrow in which cells can occur in a liquid suspension and not bound up in solid tissue, it makes sense for them to communicate by soluble, circulating protein molecules. However, as different lines of research converged, it became clear that some of the same signaling proteins which the hematopoietic and immune systems use were also being used by all sorts of other cells and tissues, during development and in the mature organism.

While growth factor implies a positive effect on cell proliferation, cytokine is a neutral term with respect to whether a molecule affects proliferation. While some cytokines can be growth factors, such as G-CSF and GM-CSF, others have an inhibitory effect on cell growth or cell proliferation. Some cytokines, such as Fas ligand, are used as "death" signals; they cause target cells to undergo programmed cell death or apoptosis.

The nerve growth factor (NGF) was first discovered by Rita Levi-Montalcini, which won her a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

List of classes edit

Individual growth factor proteins tend to occur as members of larger families of structurally and evolutionarily related proteins. There are many families, some of which are listed below:

In platelets edit

The alpha granules in blood platelets contain growth factors PDGF, IGF-1, EGF, and TGF-β which begin healing of wounds by attracting and activating macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells.

Uses in medicine edit

For the last two decades, growth factors have been increasingly used in the treatment of hematologic and oncologic diseases[4][5] and cardiovascular diseases[6][7] such as:

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
  2. ^ Del Angel-Mosqueda C, Gutiérrez-Puente Y, López-Lozano AP, Romero-Zavaleta RE, Mendiola-Jiménez A, Medina-De la Garza CE, Márquez-M M, De la Garza-Ramos MA (September 2015). "Epidermal growth factor enhances osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells in vitro". Head & Face Medicine. 11: 29. doi:10.1186/s13005-015-0086-5. PMC 4558932. PMID 26334535.
  3. ^ Yorio T, Clark AF, Wax MB (2007). Ocular Therapeutics: Eye on New Discoveries. Academic Press. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-12-370585-3.
  4. ^ Cottler-Fox M, Klein HG (April 1994). "Transfusion support of hematology and oncology patients. The role of recombinant hematopoietic growth factors". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 118 (4): 417–20. PMID 7909429.
  5. ^ Aaronson SA (November 1991). "Growth factors and cancer". Science. 254 (5035): 1146–53. Bibcode:1991Sci...254.1146A. doi:10.1126/science.1659742. PMID 1659742.
  6. ^ Domouzoglou EM, Naka KK, Vlahos AP, Papafaklis MI, Michalis LK, Tsatsoulis A, Maratos-Flier E (September 2015). "Fibroblast growth factors in cardiovascular disease: The emerging role of FGF21". American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 309 (6): H1029-38. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00527.2015. PMC 4747916. PMID 26232236.
  7. ^ Gorenoi, Vitali; Brehm, Michael U.; Koch, Armin; Hagen, Anja (2017). "Growth factors for angiogenesis in peripheral arterial disease". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017 (6): CD011741. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011741.pub2. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6481523. PMID 28594443.

External links edit

February 16, 2024
growth, factor, redirects, here, journal, growth, factors, journal, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, . Growth factors redirects here For the journal see Growth Factors journal This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Growth factor news newspapers books scholar JSTOR February 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cell proliferation wound healing and occasionally cellular differentiation 1 Usually it is a secreted protein or a steroid hormone Growth factors are important for regulating a variety of cellular processes Growth factors typically act as signaling molecules between cells Examples are cytokines and hormones that bind to specific receptors on the surface of their target cells They often promote cell differentiation and maturation which varies between growth factors For example epidermal growth factor EGF enhances osteogenic differentiation osteogenesis or bone formation 2 while fibroblast growth factors and vascular endothelial growth factors stimulate blood vessel differentiation angiogenesis Contents 1 Comparison to cytokines 2 List of classes 3 In platelets 4 Uses in medicine 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksComparison to cytokines editGrowth factor is sometimes used interchangeably among scientists with the term cytokine 3 Historically cytokines were associated with hematopoietic blood and lymph forming cells and immune system cells e g lymphocytes and tissue cells from spleen thymus and lymph nodes For the circulatory system and bone marrow in which cells can occur in a liquid suspension and not bound up in solid tissue it makes sense for them to communicate by soluble circulating protein molecules However as different lines of research converged it became clear that some of the same signaling proteins which the hematopoietic and immune systems use were also being used by all sorts of other cells and tissues during development and in the mature organism While growth factor implies a positive effect on cell proliferation cytokine is a neutral term with respect to whether a molecule affects proliferation While some cytokines can be growth factors such as G CSF and GM CSF others have an inhibitory effect on cell growth or cell proliferation Some cytokines such as Fas ligand are used as death signals they cause target cells to undergo programmed cell death or apoptosis The nerve growth factor NGF was first discovered by Rita Levi Montalcini which won her a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine List of classes editThis list is incomplete you can help by adding missing items February 2011 Individual growth factor proteins tend to occur as members of larger families of structurally and evolutionarily related proteins There are many families some of which are listed below Adrenomedullin AM Angiopoietin Ang Autocrine motility factor Bone morphogenetic proteins BMPs Ciliary neurotrophic factor family Ciliary neurotrophic factor CNTF Leukemia inhibitory factor LIF Interleukin 6 IL 6 Colony stimulating factors Macrophage colony stimulating factor M CSF Granulocyte colony stimulating factor G CSF Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor GM CSF Epidermal growth factor EGF Ephrins Ephrin A1 Ephrin A2 Ephrin A3 Ephrin A4 Ephrin A5 Ephrin B1 Ephrin B2 Ephrin B3 Erythropoietin EPO Fibroblast growth factor FGF Fibroblast growth factor 1 FGF1 Fibroblast growth factor 2 FGF2 Fibroblast growth factor 3 FGF3 Fibroblast growth factor 4 FGF4 Fibroblast growth factor 5 FGF5 Fibroblast growth factor 6 FGF6 Fibroblast growth factor 7 FGF7 Fibroblast growth factor 8 FGF8 Fibroblast growth factor 9 FGF9 Fibroblast growth factor 10 FGF10 Fibroblast growth factor 11 FGF11 Fibroblast growth factor 12 FGF12 Fibroblast growth factor 13 FGF13 Fibroblast growth factor 14 FGF14 Fibroblast growth factor 15 FGF15 Fibroblast growth factor 16 FGF16 Fibroblast growth factor 17 FGF17 Fibroblast growth factor 18 FGF18 Fibroblast growth factor 19 FGF19 Fibroblast growth factor 20 FGF20 Fibroblast growth factor 21 FGF21 Fibroblast growth factor 22 FGF22 Fibroblast growth factor 23 FGF23 Foetal Bovine Somatotrophin FBS GDNF family of ligands Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor GDNF Neurturin Persephin Artemin Growth differentiation factor 9 GDF9 Hepatocyte growth factor HGF Hepatoma derived growth factor HDGF Insulin Insulin like growth factors Insulin like growth factor 1 IGF 1 Insulin like growth factor 2 IGF 2 Interleukins IL 1 Cofactor for IL 3 and IL 6 Activates T cells IL 2 T cell growth factor Stimulates IL 1 synthesis Activates B cells and NK cells IL 3 Stimulates production of all non lymphoid cells IL 4 Growth factor for activated B cells resting T cells and mast cells IL 5 Induces differentiation of activated B cells and eosinophils IL 6 Stimulates Ig synthesis Growth factor for plasma cells IL 7 Growth factor for pre B cells Keratinocyte growth factor KGF Migration stimulating factor MSF Macrophage stimulating protein MSP also known as hepatocyte growth factor like protein HGFLP Myostatin GDF 8 Neuregulins Neuregulin 1 NRG1 Neuregulin 2 NRG2 Neuregulin 3 NRG3 Neuregulin 4 NRG4 Neurotrophins Brain derived neurotrophic factor BDNF Nerve growth factor NGF Neurotrophin 3 NT 3 Neurotrophin 4 NT 4 Placental growth factor PGF Platelet derived growth factor PDGF Renalase RNLS Anti apoptotic survival factor T cell growth factor TCGF Thrombopoietin TPO Transforming growth factors Transforming growth factor alpha TGF a Transforming growth factor beta TGF b Tumor necrosis factor alpha TNF a Vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF Wnt Signaling PathwayIn platelets editThe alpha granules in blood platelets contain growth factors PDGF IGF 1 EGF and TGF b which begin healing of wounds by attracting and activating macrophages fibroblasts and endothelial cells Uses in medicine editFor the last two decades growth factors have been increasingly used in the treatment of hematologic and oncologic diseases 4 5 and cardiovascular diseases 6 7 such as neutropenia myelodysplastic syndrome MDS leukemias aplastic anaemia bone marrow transplantation angiogenesis for cardiovascular diseasesSee also editAngiogenesis Bone growth factor Cytokine Growth factor receptor Human Genome Organisation Mitogen Neurotrophic factor Receptor biochemistry Signal transduction Wound healing Overview of involved growth factorsReferences edit growth factor at Dorland s Medical Dictionary Del Angel Mosqueda C Gutierrez Puente Y Lopez Lozano AP Romero Zavaleta RE Mendiola Jimenez A Medina De la Garza CE Marquez M M De la Garza Ramos MA September 2015 Epidermal growth factor enhances osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells in vitro Head amp Face Medicine 11 29 doi 10 1186 s13005 015 0086 5 PMC 4558932 PMID 26334535 Yorio T Clark AF Wax MB 2007 Ocular Therapeutics Eye on New Discoveries Academic Press p 88 ISBN 978 0 12 370585 3 Cottler Fox M Klein HG April 1994 Transfusion support of hematology and oncology patients The role of recombinant hematopoietic growth factors Archives of Pathology amp Laboratory Medicine 118 4 417 20 PMID 7909429 Aaronson SA November 1991 Growth factors and cancer Science 254 5035 1146 53 Bibcode 1991Sci 254 1146A doi 10 1126 science 1659742 PMID 1659742 Domouzoglou EM Naka KK Vlahos AP Papafaklis MI Michalis LK Tsatsoulis A Maratos Flier E September 2015 Fibroblast growth factors in cardiovascular disease The emerging role of FGF21 American Journal of Physiology Heart and Circulatory Physiology 309 6 H1029 38 doi 10 1152 ajpheart 00527 2015 PMC 4747916 PMID 26232236 Gorenoi Vitali Brehm Michael U Koch Armin Hagen Anja 2017 Growth factors for angiogenesis in peripheral arterial disease The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017 6 CD011741 doi 10 1002 14651858 CD011741 pub2 ISSN 1469 493X PMC 6481523 PMID 28594443 External links editGrowth Factors at the U S National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings MeSH FGF5 in Hair Tonic Products FGF1 in Cosmetic Products Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Growth factor amp oldid 1186875025, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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