Southern Han (Chinese: 南漢; pinyin: Nán Hàn; Jyutping: Naam4 Hon3; 917–971), officially Han (Chinese: 漢), originally Yue (Chinese: 越), was a dynastic state of China and one of the Ten Kingdoms that existed during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. It was located on China's southern coast, controlling modern Guangdong and Guangxi. The dynasty greatly expanded its capital Xingwang Fu (Chinese: 興王府; pinyin: Xìngwáng Fǔ; Jyutping: Hing1wong4 Fu2, present-day Guangzhou). It attempted but failed to annex the autonomous polity of Jinghai, which was controlled by the Vietnamese.
Liu Yin was named regional governor and military officer by the Tang court in 905. Though the Tang fell two years later, Liu did not declare himself the founder of a new kingdom as other southern leaders had done. He merely inherited the title of Prince of Nanping in 909.
It was not until Liu Yin's death in 917 that his brother, Liu Yan, declared the founding of a new kingdom, which he initially called "Yue" (越); he changed the name to Han (漢) in 918. This was because his surname Liu (劉) was the imperial surname of the Han dynasty and he claimed to be a descendant of that famous dynasty. The kingdom is often referred to as the Southern Han Dynasty throughout China's history. It attempted but failed to annex the independent polity of Jinghai which was controlled by the Vietnamese.
Territorial extentedit
With its capital at present-day Guangzhou, the domains of the kingdom spread along the coastal regions of present-day Guangdong, Guangxi and the island of Hainan. It had borders with the kingdoms of Min, Chu and the Southern Tang as well as the non-Chinese kingdoms of Dali. The Southern Tang occupied all of the northern boundary of the Southern Han after Min and Chu were conquered by the Southern Tang in 945 and 951 respectively.
During the late 9th century as the Tang dynasty weakened, local Vietnamese lords began taking control of its domain in Jinghai (northern Vietnam). Southern Han campaigned twice against the Vietnamese in 931 and 938 in an attempt to add these Vietnamese territories to their realm, but failed both.[1][2]
Fall of the Southern Hanedit
The Five Dynasties ended in 960 when the Song dynasty was founded to replace the Later Zhou. From that point, the new Song rulers set themselves about to continue the reunification process set in motion by the Later Zhou. Through the 960s and 970s, the Song increased its influence in the south until finally it was able to force the Southern Han dynasty to submit to its rule in 971.
Mote, F.W. (1999). Imperial China (900–1800). Harvard University Press. pp. 11, 15. ISBN0-674-01212-7.
Schafer, Edward H. "The History of the Empire of Southern Han: According to Chapter 65 of the Wu-tai-shih of Ou-yang Hsiu", Zinbun-kagaku-kenkyusyo (ed.), Silver Jubilee Volume of the Zinbun-kagaku-kenkyusyo. Kyoto, Kyoto University, 1954.
Tarling, Nicholas, ed. (1999). The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia (Volume One, Part One): From early times to c. 1500. Cambridge University Press. p. 139. ISBN0-521-66369-5.
Taylor, Keith Weller (1983), The Birth of the Vietnam, University of California Press, ISBN9780520074170
January 01, 1970
southern, chinese, 南漢, pinyin, nán, hàn, jyutping, naam4, hon3, officially, chinese, originally, chinese, dynastic, state, china, kingdoms, that, existed, during, five, dynasties, kingdoms, period, located, china, southern, coast, controlling, modern, guangdon. Southern Han Chinese 南漢 pinyin Nan Han Jyutping Naam4 Hon3 917 971 officially Han Chinese 漢 originally Yue Chinese 越 was a dynastic state of China and one of the Ten Kingdoms that existed during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period It was located on China s southern coast controlling modern Guangdong and Guangxi The dynasty greatly expanded its capital Xingwang Fu Chinese 興王府 pinyin Xingwang Fǔ Jyutping Hing1wong4 Fu2 present day Guangzhou It attempted but failed to annex the autonomous polity of Jinghai which was controlled by the Vietnamese Han Yue漢 越917 971Southern Han dark blue CapitalXingwang Fu Guangzhou Common languagesMiddle ChineseGovernmentMonarchyEmperor 917 941Emperor Gaozu 941 943Emperor Shangdi 943 958Emperor Zhongzong 958 971Emperor HouzhuHistorical eraFive Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period Established917 Renamed from Yue to Han 918 Ended by the Song dynasty971Preceded by Succeeded by Tang dynasty Song dynasty Ngo dynastyToday part ofChinaVietnam Southern HanTraditional Chinese南漢Simplified Chinese南汉Literal meaningSouth HanTranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinNan HanWade GilesNan HanYue CantoneseJyutpingNaam4 Hon3 Contents 1 Founding of the Southern Han 2 Territorial extent 3 War with the Vietnamese 4 Fall of the Southern Han 5 Rulers 6 Rulers family tree 7 References 7 1 Citations 7 2 SourcesFounding of the Southern Han editLiu Yin was named regional governor and military officer by the Tang court in 905 Though the Tang fell two years later Liu did not declare himself the founder of a new kingdom as other southern leaders had done He merely inherited the title of Prince of Nanping in 909 It was not until Liu Yin s death in 917 that his brother Liu Yan declared the founding of a new kingdom which he initially called Yue 越 he changed the name to Han 漢 in 918 This was because his surname Liu 劉 was the imperial surname of the Han dynasty and he claimed to be a descendant of that famous dynasty The kingdom is often referred to as the Southern Han Dynasty throughout China s history It attempted but failed to annex the independent polity of Jinghai which was controlled by the Vietnamese Territorial extent editWith its capital at present day Guangzhou the domains of the kingdom spread along the coastal regions of present day Guangdong Guangxi and the island of Hainan It had borders with the kingdoms of Min Chu and the Southern Tang as well as the non Chinese kingdoms of Dali The Southern Tang occupied all of the northern boundary of the Southern Han after Min and Chu were conquered by the Southern Tang in 945 and 951 respectively War with the Vietnamese edit nbsp Đong Hồ woodblock depiction of Ngo Quyền leading his troops against Southern Han forces on the Bạch Đằng River 938 AD During the late 9th century as the Tang dynasty weakened local Vietnamese lords began taking control of its domain in Jinghai northern Vietnam Southern Han campaigned twice against the Vietnamese in 931 and 938 in an attempt to add these Vietnamese territories to their realm but failed both 1 2 Fall of the Southern Han editThe Five Dynasties ended in 960 when the Song dynasty was founded to replace the Later Zhou From that point the new Song rulers set themselves about to continue the reunification process set in motion by the Later Zhou Through the 960s and 970s the Song increased its influence in the south until finally it was able to force the Southern Han dynasty to submit to its rule in 971 Rulers editSovereigns in the Southern Han Kingdom 917 971 Temple Names Posthumous Names Personal Names Period of Reigns Era Names Gao Zu 高祖 gao zǔ Tian Huang Da Di 天皇大帝 tian huang da di Liu Yan 劉巖 liu yan Liu Yan 劉龑 liu yǎn after 926 917 941 Qianheng 乾亨 qian heng 917 925 Bailong 白龍 bai long 925 928 Dayou 大有 da yǒu 928 941 Did not exist Shang Di 殤帝 shang di Liu Bin 劉玢 liu bin 941 943 Guangtian 光天 guang tian 941 943 Zhong Zong 中宗 zhōng zōng Wenwǔ Guangming Xiao 文武光明孝皇帝 Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign Liu Sheng 劉晟 liu sheng 943 958 Yingqian 應乾 ying qian 943 Qianhe 乾和 qian he 943 958 Hou Zhu 後主 hou zhǔ Did not exist Liu Chang 劉鋹 liu chǎng 958 971 Dabao 大寶 da bǎo 958 971Rulers family tree editSouthern Han rulers family tree Liu Zhiqian 劉知謙 d 894 Liu Yin 劉隱 b 874 d 911Liu Yan 劉龑 889 942Gaozu 高祖 r 917 942Liu Tai 劉台 Emperor Huizong of MinLiu Hua 劉華b 896 d 930Liu Hongchang劉弘昌 d 944Prince of Yue 越王Liu Bin 劉玢 920 943Shang 殤皇 r 942 943Liu Sheng 劉晟 920 958Zhongzong r 943 958Liu Honggao 劉弘杲 d 943Prince of Xun 循王 Liu Chang 劉鋹 942 980 r 958 971References editCitations edit Coedes 2015 p 80 Taylor 1983 p 269 Sources edit Mote F W 1999 Imperial China 900 1800 Harvard University Press pp 11 15 ISBN 0 674 01212 7 Schafer Edward H The History of the Empire of Southern Han According to Chapter 65 of the Wu tai shih of Ou yang Hsiu Zinbun kagaku kenkyusyo ed Silver Jubilee Volume of the Zinbun kagaku kenkyusyo Kyoto Kyoto University 1954 Tarling Nicholas ed 1999 The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia Volume One Part One From early times to c 1500 Cambridge University Press p 139 ISBN 0 521 66369 5 Coedes George 2015 The Making of South East Asia RLE Modern East and South East Asia Taylor amp Francis ISBN 9781317450955 Taylor Keith Weller 1983 The Birth of the Vietnam University of California Press ISBN 9780520074170 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Southern Han amp oldid 1132869221, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
