Gottlieb Eliel Saarinen (/ˈsɑːrɪnən/, Finnish: [ˈelie̯l ˈsɑːrinen]; August 20, 1873 – July 1, 1950) was a Finnish-American architect known for his work with art nouveau buildings in the early years of the 20th century. He was also the father of famed architect Eero Saarinen.[1][2]
From 1910 to 1915 he worked on the extensive city-planning project of Munksnäs-Haga and later published a book on the subject. In January 1911 he became a consultant in city planning for Tallinn, Governorate of Estonia and was invited to Budapest to advise in city development. In 1912, a brochure written by Saarinen about the planning problems of Budapest was published. He was runner up behind Walter Burley Griffin in an international competition to design the new Australian capital city of Canberra in 1912, but the following year he received the first place award in an international competition for his plan of Reval. From 1917 to 1918 Saarinen worked on the city-plan for greater Helsinki. He also designed a series of postage stamps issued 1917 and the Finnish markka banknotes introduced in 1922.[1]
After the divorce from his first wife, Mathilde (who then married Herman Gesellius), on March 6, 1904, Saarinen married his second wife, Louise (Loja) Gesellius, a sculptor in Helsinki, and the younger sister of Herman Gesellius. They had a daughter Eva-Lisa (Pipsan) on March 31, 1905, and a son Eero on August 20, 1910.[1]
Move to the United StatesEdit
Eliel Saarinen moved to the United States in 1923 after his competition entry for the Tribune Tower in Chicago, Illinois, won second place. While it was not built, the streamlined design inspired the architecture of many other skyscrapers.[3] Saarinen first settled in Evanston, Illinois, where he worked on his scheme for the development of the Chicago lake front. In 1924 he became a visiting professor at the University of Michigan.[1]
During 1929–34, Saarinen contributed product designs for the Wilcox Silver Plate Co. / International Silver Company in Meriden, Connecticut.[4] His iconic tea urn (c. 1934) was first exhibited in 1934–35 at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.[5] Over the years, the tea urn has been widely exhibited, including in St. Louis Modern (2015–16) at the St Louis Art Museum,[6]Cranbrook Goes to the Movies: Films and Their Objects, 1925–1975 at the Cranbrook Art Museum (2014–15).,[7] and in 2005–07, in the touring exhibition Modernism in American Silver: 20th-Century Design, organized by the Dallas Museum of Art, which also traveled to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC.[8] In 1951–52, the tea urn was featured in the Eliel Saarinen Memorial Exhibition which traveled to multiple venues across the United States. In addition to Cranbrook, the Dallas Museum and the St Louis Museum, The British Museum in London and the Metropolitan Museum of Art also hold tea urn-related Eliel Saarinen designs.[9]
Eliel Saarinen became a professor in the University of Michigan's Architecture Department.
His son, Eero (1910–1961), became one of the most important American architects of the mid-20th century, as one of the leaders of the International style. Saarinen's student Edmund N. Bacon achieved national prominence as Executive Director of the Philadelphia City Planning Commission from 1949 to 1970.
Saarinen designed entire city districts of Helsinki, but they were never built due to cost. This picture shows his plan for the Haaga district.Illustration of the Kalevala House, an unbuilt building designed by Saarinen.
Work
Location
Finished
Picture
Finnish Pavilion at the Exposition Universelle (designed with Herman Gesellius and Armas Lindgren)
^"Eliel Saarinen". Museum of Finnish Architecture. Retrieved June 24, 2020.
^"Tribune Tower" (PDF). Commission on Chicago Historical and Architectural Landmarks. June 1986. Retrieved January 22, 2023.
^(April 3, 2016). International Silver Company design catalogues and historical information. artdesigncafe. Retrieved April 27, 2019.
^(January–February 1935). "At Metropolitan Museum: Silverware executed by International Silver Co. in Contemporary American Industrial Art Exhibit". artdesigncafe.com / International Silver Standard, International Silver Co. newsletter, 3(4), pp. 6–7. Retrieved January 1, 2017.
^(September 8, 2015)."Press release: Saint Louis Art Museum marks Gateway Arch anniversary with St. Louis Modern". St. Louis Art Museum. Retrieved January 1, 2017).
^(Undated). "Exhibition detail: Cranbrook Goes to the Movies Films and Their Objects, 1925–1975". Cranbrook Art Museum website. Retrieved January 1, 2017.
^Stern, Jewel. (2005). "Modernism in American Silver: 20th-Century Design". Dallas Museum of Art and Yale University Press. Retrieved January 1, 2017.
^(March 16, 2016). "Wilcox Silver Plate Co. designs in collections, at auction, and in exhibitions". Design Meriden / artdesigncafe.com. Retrieved January 1, 2017.
Further readingEdit
Saarinen, Eliel (1985). The search for form in art and architecture. New York: Dover.
Saarinen, Eliel (1943). The City: Its Growth, its decay, its future. New York: Reinhold publishing corporation.
Hausen, Marika, ed. (1984). Eliel Saarinen: 1873–1950 – Works in Finland. Helsinki: Museum of Finnish Architecture.
A&E with Richard Guy Wilson, Ph.D.,(2000). America's Castles: Newspaper Moguls, Pittock Mansion, Cranbrook House & Gardens, The American Swedish Institute. A&E Television Network.
Hill, Eric J. and John Gallagher (2002). AIA Detroit: The American Institute of Architects Guide to Detroit Architecture. Wayne State University Press. ISBN0-8143-3120-3.
Pelkonen, Eeva-Liisa (2006). Eero Saarinen. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN0-300-11282-3.
External linksEdit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eliel Saarinen.
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This article includes a list of general references but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations May 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message Gottlieb Eliel Saarinen ˈ s ɑːr ɪ n e n Finnish ˈelie l ˈsɑːrinen August 20 1873 July 1 1950 was a Finnish American architect known for his work with art nouveau buildings in the early years of the 20th century He was also the father of famed architect Eero Saarinen 1 2 Eliel SaarinenEliel Saarinen in early 1900sBornGottlieb Eliel SaarinenAugust 20 1873Rantasalmi Grand Duchy of FinlandDiedJuly 1 1950 1950 07 01 aged 76 Bloomfield Hills Michigan U S NationalityFinnishOccupationArchitectSpouseLoja SaarinenChildrenEero Saarinen Pipsan Saarinen SwansonAwardsAIA Gold MedalBuildingsHelsinki Central railway station National Museum of Finland Vyborg railway station Hvittrask Kleinhans Music HallProjectsFinnish pavilion at the World Fair of 1900DesignEliel Saarinen s Tribune Tower design 1922 Finnish markka banknotes 1922 Contents 1 Life and work in Finland 2 Move to the United States 3 Significant works 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External linksLife and work in Finland Edit Armas Lindgren Eliel Saarinen Albertina Ostman and Herman Gesellius in the late 1890sSaarinen was educated in Helsinki at the Helsinki University of Technology From 1896 to 1905 he worked as a partner with Herman Gesellius and Armas Lindgren at the firm Gesellius Lindgren Saarinen His first major work with the firm the Finnish pavilion at the Paris 1900 World Fair exhibited an extraordinary convergence of stylistic influences Finnish wooden architecture the British Gothic Revival and the Jugendstil Saarinen s early manner was later christened the Finnish National Romanticism and culminated in the Helsinki Central railway station designed 1904 constructed 1910 14 1 From 1910 to 1915 he worked on the extensive city planning project of Munksnas Haga and later published a book on the subject In January 1911 he became a consultant in city planning for Tallinn Governorate of Estonia and was invited to Budapest to advise in city development In 1912 a brochure written by Saarinen about the planning problems of Budapest was published He was runner up behind Walter Burley Griffin in an international competition to design the new Australian capital city of Canberra in 1912 but the following year he received the first place award in an international competition for his plan of Reval From 1917 to 1918 Saarinen worked on the city plan for greater Helsinki He also designed a series of postage stamps issued 1917 and the Finnish markka banknotes introduced in 1922 1 After the divorce from his first wife Mathilde who then married Herman Gesellius on March 6 1904 Saarinen married his second wife Louise Loja Gesellius a sculptor in Helsinki and the younger sister of Herman Gesellius They had a daughter Eva Lisa Pipsan on March 31 1905 and a son Eero on August 20 1910 1 Move to the United States EditEliel Saarinen moved to the United States in 1923 after his competition entry for the Tribune Tower in Chicago Illinois won second place While it was not built the streamlined design inspired the architecture of many other skyscrapers 3 Saarinen first settled in Evanston Illinois where he worked on his scheme for the development of the Chicago lake front In 1924 he became a visiting professor at the University of Michigan 1 In 1925 George Gough Booth asked him to design the campus of Cranbrook Educational Community intended to be an American equivalent to the Bauhaus Saarinen taught there and became president of the Cranbrook Academy of Art in 1932 Among his student collaborators were Ray Eames then Ray Kaiser and Charles Eames Saarinen influenced their subsequent furniture design 1 During 1929 34 Saarinen contributed product designs for the Wilcox Silver Plate Co International Silver Company in Meriden Connecticut 4 His iconic tea urn c 1934 was first exhibited in 1934 35 at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York 5 Over the years the tea urn has been widely exhibited including in St Louis Modern 2015 16 at the St Louis Art Museum 6 Cranbrook Goes to the Movies Films and Their Objects 1925 1975 at the Cranbrook Art Museum 2014 15 7 and in 2005 07 in the touring exhibition Modernism in American Silver 20th Century Design organized by the Dallas Museum of Art which also traveled to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington DC 8 In 1951 52 the tea urn was featured in the Eliel Saarinen Memorial Exhibition which traveled to multiple venues across the United States In addition to Cranbrook the Dallas Museum and the St Louis Museum The British Museum in London and the Metropolitan Museum of Art also hold tea urn related Eliel Saarinen designs 9 Eliel Saarinen became a professor in the University of Michigan s Architecture Department His son Eero 1910 1961 became one of the most important American architects of the mid 20th century as one of the leaders of the International style Saarinen s student Edmund N Bacon achieved national prominence as Executive Director of the Philadelphia City Planning Commission from 1949 to 1970 Eliel received the AIA Gold Medal in 1947 Significant works EditSee also Category Buildings designed by Eliel Saarinen Saarinen designed entire city districts of Helsinki but they were never built due to cost This picture shows his plan for the Haaga district Illustration of the Kalevala House an unbuilt building designed by Saarinen Work Location Finished PictureFinnish Pavilion at the Exposition Universelle designed with Herman Gesellius and Armas Lindgren Paris 1900 Hvittrask Kirkkonummi 1902 National Museum of Finland Helsinki 1904 Luther Factory Workers Canteen and People s House designed with Herman Gesellius and Armas Lindgren Tallinn 1905 Helsinki Central railway station Helsinki 1909 Lahti Town Hall Lahti 1911 Former Credit Bank Headquarters Saarinen House Tallinn 1912 Vyborg railway station Vyborg 1913 Joensuu Town Hall Joensuu 1914 Saint Paul s Church Tartu 1917 Marble Palace Helsinki 1918 Munkkiniemi Pension house Helsinki 1920 Koussevitzky Music Shed Lenox 1938 Kleinhans Music Hall Buffalo 1940 Crow Island School Winnetka 1940 41 First Christian Church Columbus IN 1942 Cranbrook Educational Community Bloomfield Hills 1940s Des Moines Art Center Des Moines 1948 Christ Church Lutheran Minneapolis 1949 See also EditEliel Square Saarinen TowerReferences Edit a b c d e f Ware Ritva August 14 2015 Saarinen Eliel 1873 1950 Kansallisbiografia Retrieved June 24 2020 Eliel Saarinen Museum of Finnish Architecture Retrieved June 24 2020 Tribune Tower PDF Commission on Chicago Historical and Architectural Landmarks June 1986 Retrieved January 22 2023 April 3 2016 International Silver Company design catalogues and historical information artdesigncafe Retrieved April 27 2019 January February 1935 At Metropolitan Museum Silverware executed by International Silver Co in Contemporary American Industrial Art Exhibit artdesigncafe com International Silver Standard International Silver Co newsletter 3 4 pp 6 7 Retrieved January 1 2017 September 8 2015 Press release Saint Louis Art Museum marks Gateway Arch anniversary with St Louis Modern St Louis Art Museum Retrieved January 1 2017 Undated Exhibition detail Cranbrook Goes to the Movies Films and Their Objects 1925 1975 Cranbrook Art Museum website Retrieved January 1 2017 Stern Jewel 2005 Modernism in American Silver 20th Century Design Dallas Museum of Art and Yale University Press Retrieved January 1 2017 March 16 2016 Wilcox Silver Plate Co designs in collections at auction and in exhibitions Design Meriden artdesigncafe com Retrieved January 1 2017 Further reading EditSaarinen Eliel 1985 The search for form in art and architecture New York Dover Saarinen Eliel 1943 The City Its Growth its decay its future New York Reinhold publishing corporation Hausen Marika ed 1984 Eliel Saarinen 1873 1950 Works in Finland Helsinki Museum of Finnish Architecture A amp E with Richard Guy Wilson Ph D 2000 America s Castles Newspaper Moguls Pittock Mansion Cranbrook House amp Gardens The American Swedish Institute A amp E Television Network Hill Eric J and John Gallagher 2002 AIA Detroit The American Institute of Architects Guide to Detroit Architecture Wayne State University Press ISBN 0 8143 3120 3 Pelkonen Eeva Liisa 2006 Eero Saarinen New Haven Yale University Press ISBN 0 300 11282 3 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eliel Saarinen Eliel Saarinen at archINFORM Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Eliel Saarinen amp oldid 1171556597, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
