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Goodeidae

April 12, 2024

Goodeidae is a family of teleost fish endemic to Mexico and some areas of the United States. Many species are known as splitfins. This family contains about 50 species within 18 genera.[2][3] The family is named after ichthyologist George Brown Goode (1851-1896).[4]

Splitfins
Temporal range: Middle Miocene–present
Redtail splitfin, Xenotoca eiseni
Scientific classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
(unranked): Ovalentaria
Order: Cyprinodontiformes
Suborder: Cyprinodontoidei
Family: Goodeidae
Jordan & Gilbert 1883[1]
Subfamilies

Empetrichthyinae
Goodeinae
See text for genera and species.

The earliest fossil goodeid is Tapatia, a goodeine from the middle Miocene of Mexico. The earliest fossil empetrichthyine is Empetrichthys erdisi from the Miocene or Pliocene of California.[5][6]

Distribution edit

The family is divided into two subfamilies, the Goodeinae and the Empetrichthyinae. The Goodeinae are endemic to shallow freshwater habitats in Mexico, particularly along the Mesa Central area (especially the Lerma River basin, smaller rivers directly south of it and inland to around the Valley of Mexico region), with some species found in brackish fringes at the Pacific coast, and north to central Durango, central Sinaloa and north San Luis Potosí. There are about 45 species of Goodeinae in 16 genera (some list 2 additional genera). The Empetrichthyinae are found in the southwestern Great Basin in Nevada, the United States, and contains 4 species in 2 genera.[7]

Physical information edit

The name "splitfin" comes from the fact that, in the male fish, the anterior rays of the anal fin are partly separated from rest of the fin. Splitfins can be up to 20 cm (8 in) in length, though most species are much smaller, around 5 cm (2 in). Goodeid fish have internal fertilisation, with males positioning themselves with a flexible part of the front anal fin, separated by a notch, which makes up the andropodium. Embryos hatch out of the egg within the ovarian follicle, and possess trophotaeniae, ribbon-like structures that emerge from the cloaca in front of the anal fin, on the ventral surface of the juvenile. These allow the absorption of nutrients within the ovary (matrotrophy), and are shed by juveniles shortly after birth. Female goodeids do not store sperm, and so a copulation event must precede each pregnancy.[8]

Conservation status edit

In recent years there has been a significant reduction in the range and size of Goodeid populations in this region, mainly due to anthropogenic disturbances, such as pollution, eutrophication, habitat modification and desiccation; recent estimates put habitat loss at 80% compared to historic ranges.[9] The low economic importance of Goodeid fish to Mexican fisheries and industry has led to this family being largely ignored by conservation efforts, but their small size and the dedication of a small number of aquaria hobbyists has led to a recent increase in the amount of research dedicated to the family. These investigations have highlighted the implications for conservation efforts concerning other global freshwater ichthyofauna.

Several species are threatened or extinct according to the IUCN[10] and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service[11]

Life cycle and evolution edit

The majority of Goodeid fish are viviparous, typically giving birth to live young. The family includes a number of popular aquarium fish, for example the redtail splitfin Xenotoca eiseni. Recent phylogenetic studies have put the age of this family at approximately 16.5 million years, with the majority of divergence occurring in the Miocene period. The speciosity of this family can be attributed to historical volcanic and geological disturbance in this region, which created suitable conditions for allopatric speciation of the fish.[3]

Genera edit

The following genera are included in Goodeidae:[2]

Subfamily Empetrichthyinae – springfishes and poolfishes

Subfamily Goodeinae – typical goodeids and splitfins

References edit

 
Wikispecies has information related to Goodeidae.
  1. ^ Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 001–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675. S2CID 31014657.
  2. ^ a b Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Goodeidae" in FishBase. February 2006 version.
  3. ^ a b Webb, S.A.; Graves, J.A.; Macías-Garcia, C.; Magurran, A.E.; O'Foighil, D. & Ritchie, M.G. (2004). "Molecular phylogeny of the livebearing Goodeidae (Cyprinodontiformes)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 30 (3): 527–544. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00257-4. PMID 15012937.
  4. ^ Christopher Scharpf; Kenneth J. Lazara (26 April 2019). "Order CYPRINODONTIFORMES: Families PANTANODONTIDAE, CYPRINODONTIDAE, PROFUNDULIDAE, GOODEIDAE, FUNDULIDAE and FLUVIPHYLACIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  5. ^ Webb, Shane A.; Graves, Jefferson A.; Macias-Garcia, Constantino; Magurran, Anne E.; Foighil, Diarmaid Ó; Ritchie, Michael G. (2004-03-01). "Molecular phylogeny of the livebearing Goodeidae (Cyprinodontiformes)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 30 (3): 527–544. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00257-4. ISSN 1055-7903.
  6. ^ Jimenez, Miguel; Goodchild, Shawn C.; Stockwell, Craig A.; Lema, Sean C. (2017-08-30). "Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes for two desert cyprinodontoid fishes, Empetrichthys latos and Crenichthys baileyi". Gene. 626: 163–172. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2017.05.023. ISSN 0378-1119.
  7. ^ Foster, K.L.; K.R. Piller (2018). "Disentangling the drivers of diversification in an imperiled group of freshwater fishes (Cyprinodontiformes: Goodeidae)". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 18 (116): 116. doi:10.1186/s12862-018-1220-3. PMC 6052539. PMID 30021522.
  8. ^ Ellenberg, G. (2005) Goodeiden [Online]. Available: http://www.goodeiden.de
  9. ^ De la Vega-Salazar, M. Y. & Macías-García, C. (In press) Principal Factors in the decline of the Mexican endemic viviparous fishes (Goodeinae: Goodeidae). Ch. 33 in: H. J. Grier & M. C. Uribe (Eds.) Viviparous Fishes. Proceedings of I and II International Symposia. New Life Publications, Homestead FL, USA.
  10. ^ IUCN Red List – http://www.redlist.org
  11. ^ Fish and Wildlife Service, Proposed rules: Pahrump poolfish; withdrawn. http://www.thefederalregister.com/d.p/2004-04-02-04-7412
  12. ^ "Butterfly Splitfin". Zoo. Retrieved 2023-12-11.

April 12, 2024
goodeidae, family, teleost, fish, endemic, mexico, some, areas, united, states, many, species, known, splitfins, this, family, contains, about, species, within, genera, family, named, after, ichthyologist, george, brown, goode, 1851, 1896, splitfinstemporal, r. Goodeidae is a family of teleost fish endemic to Mexico and some areas of the United States Many species are known as splitfins This family contains about 50 species within 18 genera 2 3 The family is named after ichthyologist George Brown Goode 1851 1896 4 SplitfinsTemporal range Middle Miocene present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg NRedtail splitfin Xenotoca eiseniScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass Actinopterygii unranked OvalentariaOrder CyprinodontiformesSuborder CyprinodontoideiFamily GoodeidaeJordan amp Gilbert 1883 1 SubfamiliesEmpetrichthyinaeGoodeinae See text for genera and species The earliest fossil goodeid is Tapatia a goodeine from the middle Miocene of Mexico The earliest fossil empetrichthyine is Empetrichthys erdisi from the Miocene or Pliocene of California 5 6 Contents 1 Distribution 2 Physical information 3 Conservation status 4 Life cycle and evolution 5 Genera 6 ReferencesDistribution editThe family is divided into two subfamilies the Goodeinae and the Empetrichthyinae The Goodeinae are endemic to shallow freshwater habitats in Mexico particularly along the Mesa Central area especially the Lerma River basin smaller rivers directly south of it and inland to around the Valley of Mexico region with some species found in brackish fringes at the Pacific coast and north to central Durango central Sinaloa and north San Luis Potosi There are about 45 species of Goodeinae in 16 genera some list 2 additional genera The Empetrichthyinae are found in the southwestern Great Basin in Nevada the United States and contains 4 species in 2 genera 7 Physical information editThe name splitfin comes from the fact that in the male fish the anterior rays of the anal fin are partly separated from rest of the fin Splitfins can be up to 20 cm 8 in in length though most species are much smaller around 5 cm 2 in Goodeid fish have internal fertilisation with males positioning themselves with a flexible part of the front anal fin separated by a notch which makes up the andropodium Embryos hatch out of the egg within the ovarian follicle and possess trophotaeniae ribbon like structures that emerge from the cloaca in front of the anal fin on the ventral surface of the juvenile These allow the absorption of nutrients within the ovary matrotrophy and are shed by juveniles shortly after birth Female goodeids do not store sperm and so a copulation event must precede each pregnancy 8 Conservation status editThis section needs to be updated Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information August 2019 In recent years there has been a significant reduction in the range and size of Goodeid populations in this region mainly due to anthropogenic disturbances such as pollution eutrophication habitat modification and desiccation recent estimates put habitat loss at 80 compared to historic ranges 9 The low economic importance of Goodeid fish to Mexican fisheries and industry has led to this family being largely ignored by conservation efforts but their small size and the dedication of a small number of aquaria hobbyists has led to a recent increase in the amount of research dedicated to the family These investigations have highlighted the implications for conservation efforts concerning other global freshwater ichthyofauna Several species are threatened or extinct according to the IUCN 10 and the U S Fish and Wildlife Service 11 Vulnerable bold characodon darkedged splitfin Goodea gracilis Allotoca dugesii Endangered bluetail splitfin rainbow characodon relict splitfin Allotoca diazi Manse Spring killifish Critically endangered blackspot allotoca Chapultepec splitfin highland splitfin Balsas splitfin Tequila splitfin butterfly splitfin 12 Extinct in the wild golden skiffia Extinct Ash Meadows killifish Parras characodon Raycraft poolfish Pahrump Ranch poolfishLife cycle and evolution editThe majority of Goodeid fish are viviparous typically giving birth to live young The family includes a number of popular aquarium fish for example the redtail splitfin Xenotoca eiseni Recent phylogenetic studies have put the age of this family at approximately 16 5 million years with the majority of divergence occurring in the Miocene period The speciosity of this family can be attributed to historical volcanic and geological disturbance in this region which created suitable conditions for allopatric speciation of the fish 3 Genera editThe following genera are included in Goodeidae 2 Subfamily Empetrichthyinae springfishes and poolfishes Crenichthys springfishes Empetrichthys poolfishesSubfamily Goodeinae typical goodeids and splitfins Allodontichthys Alloophorus Bulldog goodeid Allotoca typical allotocas Ameca Butterfly splitfin butterfly goodeid Ataeniobius Striped goodeid bluetail goodea Chapalichthys Characodon characodons Girardinichthys Goodea Hubbsina Ilyodon Skiffia skiffias Xenoophorus Relict splitfin Xenotaenia Leopard splitfin Xenotoca ZoogoneticusReferences edit nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Goodeidae Richard van der Laan William N Eschmeyer amp Ronald Fricke 2014 Family group names of Recent fishes Zootaxa 3882 2 001 230 doi 10 11646 zootaxa 3882 1 1 PMID 25543675 S2CID 31014657 a b Froese Rainer and Daniel Pauly eds 2006 Goodeidae in FishBase February 2006 version a b Webb S A Graves J A Macias Garcia C Magurran A E O Foighil D amp Ritchie M G 2004 Molecular phylogeny of the livebearing Goodeidae Cyprinodontiformes Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30 3 527 544 doi 10 1016 S1055 7903 03 00257 4 PMID 15012937 Christopher Scharpf Kenneth J Lazara 26 April 2019 Order CYPRINODONTIFORMES Families PANTANODONTIDAE CYPRINODONTIDAE PROFUNDULIDAE GOODEIDAE FUNDULIDAE and FLUVIPHYLACIDAE The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J Lazara Retrieved 17 September 2019 Webb Shane A Graves Jefferson A Macias Garcia Constantino Magurran Anne E Foighil Diarmaid o Ritchie Michael G 2004 03 01 Molecular phylogeny of the livebearing Goodeidae Cyprinodontiformes Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 30 3 527 544 doi 10 1016 S1055 7903 03 00257 4 ISSN 1055 7903 Jimenez Miguel Goodchild Shawn C Stockwell Craig A Lema Sean C 2017 08 30 Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes for two desert cyprinodontoid fishes Empetrichthys latos and Crenichthys baileyi Gene 626 163 172 doi 10 1016 j gene 2017 05 023 ISSN 0378 1119 Foster K L K R Piller 2018 Disentangling the drivers of diversification in an imperiled group of freshwater fishes Cyprinodontiformes Goodeidae BMC Evolutionary Biology 18 116 116 doi 10 1186 s12862 018 1220 3 PMC 6052539 PMID 30021522 Ellenberg G 2005 Goodeiden Online Available http www goodeiden de De la Vega Salazar M Y amp Macias Garcia C In press Principal Factors in the decline of the Mexican endemic viviparous fishes Goodeinae Goodeidae Ch 33 in H J Grier amp M C Uribe Eds Viviparous Fishes Proceedings of I and II International Symposia New Life Publications Homestead FL USA IUCN Red List http www redlist org Fish and Wildlife Service Proposed rules Pahrump poolfish withdrawn http www thefederalregister com d p 2004 04 02 04 7412 Butterfly Splitfin Zoo Retrieved 2023 12 11 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Goodeidae amp oldid 1192205770, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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