Matrotrophy is a form of maternal care during organism development, associated with live birth (viviparity), in which the embryo of an animal or flowering plant is supplied with additional nutrition from the mother (e.g. through a placenta). This can be contrasted with lecithotrophy, in which the only source of nutrition for the embryo is yolk originally contained within its egg.
In plants, matrotrophy is considered a critical evolutionary development preceding the origin of embryophytes and therefore essential to the evolution of land plants.[1] Matrotrophy is facilitated by cytological and ultrastructural modifications on one or both sides of the generational junction, a region called the placenta.[2] Specialization of the placental cells pertains further to their cytological and ultrastructural characteristics: the cytoplasm is often dense and rich in lipids, the vacuole is typically reduced but large in Sphagnum, the endoplasmic reticulum extensive, mitochondria numerous and large, chloroplasts numerous, often less differentiated, rich in lipid-filled globuli and sometimes filled with starch.[2]
Animal matrotrophyedit
While commonly associated with vertebrates and especially mammals, matrotrophy is found in 21 of 34 animal phyla, and is fairly common in 11 of those.[3] It has arisen independently in more than 150 clades within Chordata[4] and in more than 140 clades amongst invertebrates.[3]
^Graham, L.K.E. & Wilcox, L.W. (2000). "The origin of alternation of generations in land plants: A focus on matrotrophy and hexose transport". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B. 355 (1398): 757–67. doi:10.1098/rstb.2000.0614. PMC1692790. PMID 10905608.
^ abLigrone, R.; Duckett, J.G.; Renzaglia, K.S. (1993). "The gametophyte-sporophyte junction in land plants". Advances in Botanical Research. 19: 231–317. doi:10.1016/S0065-2296(08)60206-2. ISBN9780120059195.
^ abOstrovsky, Andrew N.; Lidgard, Scott; Gordon, Dennis P.; Schwaha, Thomas; Genikhovich, Grigory; Ereskovsky, Alexander V. (20 April 2015). "Matrotrophy and placentation in invertebrates: a new paradigm". Biological Reviews. 91 (3): 673–711. doi:10.1111/brv.12189. PMC5098176. PMID 25925633.
^Daniel G. Blackburn (2014). "Evolution of vertebrate viviparity and specializations for fetal nutrition: A quantitative and qualitative analysis". Journal of Morphology. 276 (8): 961–990. doi:10.1002/jmor.20272. PMID 24652663. S2CID 549574.
Goffinet B, Et al. 2009. Morphology and classification of Bryophyta. In Bryophyte Biology 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press.
March 17, 2024
matrotrophy, form, maternal, care, during, organism, development, associated, with, live, birth, viviparity, which, embryo, animal, flowering, plant, supplied, with, additional, nutrition, from, mother, through, placenta, this, contrasted, with, lecithotrophy,. Matrotrophy is a form of maternal care during organism development associated with live birth viviparity in which the embryo of an animal or flowering plant is supplied with additional nutrition from the mother e g through a placenta This can be contrasted with lecithotrophy in which the only source of nutrition for the embryo is yolk originally contained within its egg A mammal embryo centre is attached by its umbilical cord to a placenta top through which the mother provides food to the embryo while it is in her uterus Contents 1 Vegetal matrotrophy 2 Animal matrotrophy 3 See also 4 ReferencesVegetal matrotrophy editIn plants matrotrophy is considered a critical evolutionary development preceding the origin of embryophytes and therefore essential to the evolution of land plants 1 Matrotrophy is facilitated by cytological and ultrastructural modifications on one or both sides of the generational junction a region called the placenta 2 Specialization of the placental cells pertains further to their cytological and ultrastructural characteristics the cytoplasm is often dense and rich in lipids the vacuole is typically reduced but large in Sphagnum the endoplasmic reticulum extensive mitochondria numerous and large chloroplasts numerous often less differentiated rich in lipid filled globuli and sometimes filled with starch 2 Animal matrotrophy editWhile commonly associated with vertebrates and especially mammals matrotrophy is found in 21 of 34 animal phyla and is fairly common in 11 of those 3 It has arisen independently in more than 150 clades within Chordata 4 and in more than 140 clades amongst invertebrates 3 See also editPregnancy fish References edit Graham L K E amp Wilcox L W 2000 The origin of alternation of generations in land plants A focus on matrotrophy and hexose transport Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 355 1398 757 67 doi 10 1098 rstb 2000 0614 PMC 1692790 PMID 10905608 a b Ligrone R Duckett J G Renzaglia K S 1993 The gametophyte sporophyte junction in land plants Advances in Botanical Research 19 231 317 doi 10 1016 S0065 2296 08 60206 2 ISBN 9780120059195 a b Ostrovsky Andrew N Lidgard Scott Gordon Dennis P Schwaha Thomas Genikhovich Grigory Ereskovsky Alexander V 20 April 2015 Matrotrophy and placentation in invertebrates a new paradigm Biological Reviews 91 3 673 711 doi 10 1111 brv 12189 PMC 5098176 PMID 25925633 Daniel G Blackburn 2014 Evolution of vertebrate viviparity and specializations for fetal nutrition A quantitative and qualitative analysis Journal of Morphology 276 8 961 990 doi 10 1002 jmor 20272 PMID 24652663 S2CID 549574 Goffinet B Et al 2009 Morphology and classification of Bryophyta In Bryophyte Biology 2nd ed Cambridge University Press Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Matrotrophy amp oldid 1069012696, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
