The following is based on a glossary attached to the fifth Report of the Committee of the House of Commons on Indian affairs, appointed in 1810, comprising Hindustani words commonly used in the administration of the British Raj (British India).
English language public instruction began in India in the 1830s during the rule of the East India Company (India was then, and is today, one of the most linguistically diverse regions of the world[1]). In 1835, English replacedPersian as the official language of the Company. Lord Macaulay played a major role in introducing English and western concepts to education in India. He supported the replacement of Persian by English as the official language, the use of English as the medium of instruction in all schools, and the training of English-speaking Indians as teachers.[2] Throughout the 1840s and 1850s, primary, middle, and high-schools were opened in many districts of British India, with most high-schools offering English language instruction in some subjects. In 1857, just before the end of Company rule, universities modelled on the University of London and using English as the medium of instruction were established in Bombay, Calcutta and Madras. During the British Raj, lasting from 1858 to 1947, English language penetration increased throughout India. This was driven in part by the gradually increasing hiring of Indians in the civil services. At the time of India's independence in 1947, English was the only functional lingua franca in the country.
It used British spellings and contemporary interpretations, many which have passed into the English vocabulary.[3]
Adalat, Adawlut: Justice, equity; a court of justice. The terms Dewanny Adawlut, and Foujdarry Adawlut, denote the civil and criminal courts of justice. See Dewanny and Foujdarry.
Ameer, Meer, Mir, Emir: A nobleman. Ameer ul Omrah. Noble of nobles, God of Gods, Lord of lords
Anna: A piece of money, the sixteenth part of a rupee.
Aumeen: Trustee, commissioner. A temporary collector or supravisor, appointed to the charge of a country on the removal of a Zemindar, or for any other particular purpose of local investigation or arrangement.
Aumil: Agent, officer, native collector of revenue. Superintendent of a district or division of a country, either on the part of the government, Zemindar, or renter.
Aumildar: Agent, the holder of an office. An intendant and collector of the revenue, uniting civil, military, and financial powers, under the Mahomedan government.
Aurung: A place where goods are manufactured.
B
Bala-Ghaut: Above the Ghauts, in contradistinction to Payeen-Ghaut, below the Ghauts. The terms are generally applied to the Deccan Plateau, a high tableland in the centre of India, towards its southern extremity.
Banyan. A Hindu merchant, or shopkeeper. The term Banyan is used in Bengal to denote the native who manages the money concerns of the European, and sometimes serves him as an interpreter. At Madras, the same description of persons is called Dubash, which signifies one who can speak two languages.
Batta. Deficiency, discount, allowance. Allowance to troops in the field.
Caravan-Serai: The serai of the caravan. See Serai and Choultry.
Cawzi, Cazi, Kazy: A Mahomedan judge, or justice, who also officiates as a public notary, in attesting deeds, by affixing his seal. The same as Cadi, in Turkey.
Cauzy-ul-Cazaut: Judge of judges; the chief judge, or justice.
Chandala: One of the names for the most degraded Hindu casts.
Choky, Chokee: A chair, seat; guard, watch. The station of a guard or watchman. A place where an officer is stationed to receive tolls and customs.
Chokidar, Chowkidaar: A watchman.
Choultry: A covered public building, for the accommodation of passengers.
Chout: A fourth: a fourth part of sums litigated. Mahrattachout; a fourth [xxxii] of the revenues, exacted as tribute by the Mahrattas.
Chubdar: Staff-bearer. An attendant on a man of rank. He waits with a long staff, plated with silver, announces the approach of visitors, and runs before his master, proclaiming aloud his titles.
Chunam: Lime.
Circar: Head of affairs; the state or government; a grand division of a province; a head man; a name used by Europeans in Bengal, to denote the Hindu writer and accountant, employed by themselves, or in the public offices.
Colluries, Colerees: Saltworks, the places where salt is made.
Coolites, Cooly: Porter, labourer.
Coss: A term used by Europeans, to denote a road-measure of about two miles, but differing in different parts of India.
Csnatriya, Kshatriya, Chetterie, Khetery: A man of the second or military caste.
Cutcherry: Court of justice; also the public office where the rents are paid, and other business respecting the revenue transacted.
Cutwal, Katwal: The chief officer of police in a large town or city, and superintendent of the markets.
D
Dar: Keeper, holder. This word is often joined with another, to denote the holder of a particular office or employment, as Chob-dar, staff-holder; Zemin-dar, land-holder. This compound word, with i, ee, y, added to it, denotes the office, as Zemindar-ee.
Darogah: A superintendent, or overseer; as of the police, the mint.
Daum, Dam: A copper coin, the fortieth part of a rupee.
Deccan: Literally, the south. A term employed by Mahomedan writers, to denote the country between the rivers Nerbuddah and Crishna.
Decoits: Gang-robbers.
Decoity, Decoitry: gang-robbery.
Dewan, Duan: Place of assembly. Native minister of the revenue department; and chief justice, in civil causes, within his jurisdiction; receiver-generad of a province. The term is also used, to designate the principal revenue servant under a European collector, and even of a Zemindar. By this title, the East India Company are receivers-general of the revenues of Bengal, under a grant from the Great Mogul.
Dewanny, Duannee: The office, or jurisdiction of a Dewan.
Faqueer, Fakir: A poor man, mendicant, a religious beggar.
Firmaun, Phirmaund: Order, mandate. An imperial decree, a royal grant, or charter.
Foujdar, Fojedar, Phousdar, Fogedar: Under the Mogul government, a magistrate of the police over a large district, who took cognizance of all criminal matters within his jurisdiction, and sometimes was employed as receiver-general of the revenues.
Foujdarry, Fojedaree: Office of a Foujdar.
Foujdarry Court: A court for administering the criminal law.
G
Ghaut: A pass through a mountain; applied also to a range of hills, and the ford of a river.
Ghee: Clarified butter, in which state they preserve that article for culinary purposes.
Ghirdawar, Girdwar: An overseer of police, under whom the goyendas, or informers, act.
Howda: The seat of great men fixed on an elephant, not much unlike the body of a sedan in shape.
J
Jaghire, Jagheer: Literally, the place of taking. An assignment, to an individual, of the government share of the produce of a portion of land. There were two types of jaghires; one, personal, for the use of the grantee; another, in trust, for some public service, most commonly, the maintenance of troops.
Jamma, Jumma: Total, amount, collection, assembly. The total of a territorial assignment.
Jammabundy, Jummabundy: A written schedule of the whole of an assessment.
Jeel, Keel: A shallow lake, pond or morass.
Jinjal: A large musket, fixed on a swivel, used in Indian forts, and fired with great precision.
Jug: See Yug.
Jungle, Jangle: A wood, or thicket; a country overrun with shrubs, or long grass.
K
Khalsa: Pure, unmixed. An office of government, in which the business of the revenue department is transacted: the exchequer. Khalsa lands, are lands, the revenue of which is paid into the exchequer.
Lascar: Properly a camp-follower, but applied to native sailors and artillery-men.
Limber: A low two-wheeled carriage, on which the trial of a gun is fixed when travelling: it is released in a moment if wanted to fire, which is called unlimbering; the cattle being yoked to the limber, guns are of course always dragged breech first.
M
Maal, Mahl, Mehal, Mhal: Places, districts, departments. Places, or sources of revenue, particularly of a territorial nature; lands.
Mocurrery: As applied to lands, it means lands let on a fixed lease.
Mofussil: Separated, particularized; the subordinate divisions of a district, in contradistinction to Saddur, or Sudder, which implies the chief seat of government.
Mofussil Dewanny Adawlut: Provincial court of civil justice.
Patan, Pathan: A name applied to the Afghaun tribes.
Peshwa, Peishwa: Guide, leader. The prime minister of the Mahratta government.
Peon: A lootmon, a foot soldier; an inferior officer or servant employed in the business of the revenue, police, or judicature.
Pergunnah, Paragana: A small district, consisting of several villages.
Peshcush: A present, particularly to government, in consideration of an appointment, or as an acknowledgment for any tenure. Tribute, fine, quit-rent, advance on the stipulated revenues.
Pettah: The suburbs of a fortified town.
Polligar, Polygar: Head of a village district. Military chieftain in the Peninsula, similar to hill Zemindar in the northern circars.
Pollam: A district held by a Polligar.
Potail: The head man of a village. The term corresponds with that of Mocuddim and Mundul in Bengal.
Pottah: A lease granted to the cultivators on the part of government, either written on paper, or engraved with a style on the leaf of the fan palmira tree
Purana, Pooran: Literally ancient: the name given to such Hindu books as treat of creation in general, with the history of their gods and ancient heroes.
Pyke: A foot messenger. A person employed as a night-watch in a village, and as a runner or messenger on the business of the revenue.
R
Rajah, Maharaja: King, prince, chieftain, nobleman; a title in ancient times given to chiefs of the second or military Hindu tribe only.
Rajepoot, Rajput: Literally, son of a king. The name of a warlike race of Hindus.
Rana: A type of rajah.
Ranny, Ranee: Queen, princess, wife of a rajah.
Roy Royan: A Hindu title given to the principal officer of the Khalsa, or chief treasurer of the exchequer.
Rupee: The name of a silver coin; rated in the Company's accounts, the current (1810) rupee at 2s.; the Bombay rupee at 2s. 3d.
Ryot: Peasant, subject; tenant of house or land.
S
Sayer: What moves; variable imposts, distinct from land rent or revenue; consisting of customs, rolls, licences, duties on goods, also taxes on houses, shops, bazars.
Shaster: The instrument of government or instruction; any book of instruction, particularly containing divine ordinances.
Shroff, Shrof: A banker, or money-changer.
Sirdar, Sardar: Chief, captain, head man.
Soucar: A merchant, or banker; a money-lender.
Subah: A province such as Bengal. A grand division of a country, which is again divided into circars, chucklas, pergunnahs, and villages.
Subahdar, Subedar: The holder of the subah, the governor or viceroy.
Subahdary: The office and jurisdiction of a subahdar.
Sudder: The breast; the fore-court of a house; the chief seat of government, contradistinguished from Mofussil, or interior of the country; the presidency.
Sudder Dewanny Adawlut: The chief civil court of justice under the [xxxv] Company's government, held at the presidency.
Sudder Nizamut Adawlut: The chief criminal court of justice, under the Company's government.
Shudra, Sudra, Sooder: A Hindu of the fourth, or lowest tribe.
Sonnud: A prop, or support; a patent, charter, or written authority for holding either land or office.
T
Talookdar: A holder of a talook, which is a small portion of land; a petty land-agent.
Tank: Pond, reservoir.
Tannahdar, Thanadar: A petty police officer.
Teed: A note of hand; a promissory note given by a native banker, or money-lender, to Zemindars and others, to enable them to furnish government with security for the payment of their rents.
Tehsildar: Who has charge of the collections. A native collector of a district, acting under a European or Zemindar.
Topashes: Native black Christians, the remains of the ancient Portuguese.
Tope: A grove of trees.
Tuncaw, Tunkha: An assignment on the revenue, for personal support, or other purposes.
Vackbel, Vaqnibl: One endowed with authority to act for another. Ambassador, agent sent on a special commission, or residing at a court. Native law pleader, under the judicial system of the Company.
Vizir, Vizier: Under the Mogul government, the prime minister of the sovereign.
Vedas, Veds, Beeds: Science, knowledge. The sacred scriptures of the Hindus.
W
Wallah: A servant or other person responsible for something, often specified before it, for example kitchen wallah
Y
Yogies, Jogies: Hindu devotees.
Yug, Jug, Yoog: An age; a great period of the Hindus; also a religious ceremony.
Z
Zemindar: From two words signifying, earth, land, and holder or keeper. Land-keeper. An officer who, under the Mahomedan government, was charged with the superintendence of the lands of a district, financially considered; the protection of the cultivators, and the realization of the government's share of its produce, either in money or kind.
Zemindarry: The office or jurisdiction of a Zemindar.
Zenana: The place where the ladies reside.
Zillah, Zila, Jilla: Side, part, district, division. A local division of a country having reference to personal jurisdiction.
^Lalmalsawma, David (7 September 2013), , Reuters, archived from the original on 10 September 2013
^John MacKenzie, "A family empire," BBC History Magazine (Jan 2013)
^Mill, James, The History of British India, Vol. 1 (of 6), 3rd Edition, London, 1826, Glossary [1]
March 05, 2023
glossary, british, following, based, glossary, attached, fifth, report, committee, house, commons, indian, affairs, appointed, 1810, comprising, hindustani, words, commonly, used, administration, british, british, india, english, language, public, instruction,. The following is based on a glossary attached to the fifth Report of the Committee of the House of Commons on Indian affairs appointed in 1810 comprising Hindustani words commonly used in the administration of the British Raj British India English language public instruction began in India in the 1830s during the rule of the East India Company India was then and is today one of the most linguistically diverse regions of the world 1 In 1835 English replaced Persian as the official language of the Company Lord Macaulay played a major role in introducing English and western concepts to education in India He supported the replacement of Persian by English as the official language the use of English as the medium of instruction in all schools and the training of English speaking Indians as teachers 2 Throughout the 1840s and 1850s primary middle and high schools were opened in many districts of British India with most high schools offering English language instruction in some subjects In 1857 just before the end of Company rule universities modelled on the University of London and using English as the medium of instruction were established in Bombay Calcutta and Madras During the British Raj lasting from 1858 to 1947 English language penetration increased throughout India This was driven in part by the gradually increasing hiring of Indians in the civil services At the time of India s independence in 1947 English was the only functional lingua franca in the country It used British spellings and contemporary interpretations many which have passed into the English vocabulary 3 Contents A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z See also ReferencesA EditAdalat Adawlut Justice equity a court of justice The terms Dewanny Adawlut and Foujdarry Adawlut denote the civil and criminal courts of justice See Dewanny and Foujdarry Ameer Meer Mir Emir A nobleman Ameer ul Omrah Noble of nobles God of Gods Lord of lords Anna A piece of money the sixteenth part of a rupee Aumeen Trustee commissioner A temporary collector or supravisor appointed to the charge of a country on the removal of a Zemindar or for any other particular purpose of local investigation or arrangement Aumil Agent officer native collector of revenue Superintendent of a district or division of a country either on the part of the government Zemindar or renter Aumildar Agent the holder of an office An intendant and collector of the revenue uniting civil military and financial powers under the Mahomedan government Aurung A place where goods are manufactured B EditBala Ghaut Above the Ghauts in contradistinction to Payeen Ghaut below the Ghauts The terms are generally applied to the Deccan Plateau a high tableland in the centre of India towards its southern extremity Banyan A Hindu merchant or shopkeeper The term Banyan is used in Bengal to denote the native who manages the money concerns of the European and sometimes serves him as an interpreter At Madras the same description of persons is called Dubash which signifies one who can speak two languages Batta Deficiency discount allowance Allowance to troops in the field Bazaar Daily market or market place Bega A land measure equal in Bengal to about the third part of an acre Begum A lady princess woman of high rank Bice Vaishya A man of the third Hindu caste who by birth is a trader or husbandman Brahmen Brahmin Brahman Bramin A divine a priest the first Hindoo caste Brinjarrie Binjary Benjary Banjary A grain merchant Bungalow The name used in Bengal for a species of country house erected by Europeans C EditCaly Yug Calyoogum The present or fourth age of the world according to the chronology of the Hindus Caste Cast A tribe or class of people Caravan Serai The serai of the caravan See Serai and Choultry Cawzi Cazi Kazy A Mahomedan judge or justice who also officiates as a public notary in attesting deeds by affixing his seal The same as Cadi in Turkey Cauzy ul Cazaut Judge of judges the chief judge or justice Cauvery The Kaveri river Chandala One of the names for the most degraded Hindu casts Choky Chokee A chair seat guard watch The station of a guard or watchman A place where an officer is stationed to receive tolls and customs Chokidar Chowkidaar A watchman Choultry A covered public building for the accommodation of passengers Chout A fourth a fourth part of sums litigated Mahratta chout a fourth xxxii of the revenues exacted as tribute by the Mahrattas Chubdar Staff bearer An attendant on a man of rank He waits with a long staff plated with silver announces the approach of visitors and runs before his master proclaiming aloud his titles Chunam Lime Circar Head of affairs the state or government a grand division of a province a head man a name used by Europeans in Bengal to denote the Hindu writer and accountant employed by themselves or in the public offices Colluries Colerees Saltworks the places where salt is made Coolites Cooly Porter labourer Coss A term used by Europeans to denote a road measure of about two miles but differing in different parts of India Crore A unit in the Indian numbering system equal to 100 lac i e ten million or 107 in scientific notation and written as 1 00 00 000 rather than 10 000 000 in the Indian convention of digit grouping Crishnah Crishna The Krishna River Csnatriya Kshatriya Chetterie Khetery A man of the second or military caste Cutcherry Court of justice also the public office where the rents are paid and other business respecting the revenue transacted Cutwal Katwal The chief officer of police in a large town or city and superintendent of the markets D EditDar Keeper holder This word is often joined with another to denote the holder of a particular office or employment as Chob dar staff holder Zemin dar land holder This compound word with i ee y added to it denotes the office as Zemindar ee Darogah A superintendent or overseer as of the police the mint Daum Dam A copper coin the fortieth part of a rupee Deccan Literally the south A term employed by Mahomedan writers to denote the country between the rivers Nerbuddah and Crishna Decoits Gang robbers Decoity Decoitry gang robbery Dewan Duan Place of assembly Native minister of the revenue department and chief justice in civil causes within his jurisdiction receiver generad of a province The term is also used to designate the principal revenue servant under a European collector and even of a Zemindar By this title the East India Company are receivers general of the revenues of Bengal under a grant from the Great Mogul Dewanny Duannee The office or jurisdiction of a Dewan Dewanny Court of Adawlut A court for trying revenue and other civil causes Doab Doowab Any tract of country included between two rivers Dhobi Dhoby A laundryman in India and Pakistan a washerman Droog A fortified hill or rock Dubash See Banyan Durbar The court the hall of audience a levee F EditFaqueer Fakir A poor man mendicant a religious beggar Firmaun Phirmaund Order mandate An imperial decree a royal grant or charter Foujdar Fojedar Phousdar Fogedar Under the Mogul government a magistrate of the police over a large district who took cognizance of all criminal matters within his jurisdiction and sometimes was employed as receiver general of the revenues Foujdarry Fojedaree Office of a Foujdar Foujdarry Court A court for administering the criminal law G EditGhaut A pass through a mountain applied also to a range of hills and the ford of a river Ghee Clarified butter in which state they preserve that article for culinary purposes Ghirdawar Girdwar An overseer of police under whom the goyendas or informers act Gomastah A commissioner factor agent Gooroo Guru Spiritual guide Goyenda An inferior officer of police a spy informer Gunge A granary a depot chiefly of grain for sale Wholesale markets held on particular days Commercial depots Gurry A name given to a wall flanked with towers H EditHaram Harem Seraglio the place where the ladies reside Hindoo Hindou Hindus followers of Hinduism Hircarra Harcarrah A guide a spy a messenger Howda The seat of great men fixed on an elephant not much unlike the body of a sedan in shape J EditJaghire Jagheer Literally the place of taking An assignment to an individual of the government share of the produce of a portion of land There were two types of jaghires one personal for the use of the grantee another in trust for some public service most commonly the maintenance of troops Jamma Jumma Total amount collection assembly The total of a territorial assignment Jammabundy Jummabundy A written schedule of the whole of an assessment Jeel Keel A shallow lake pond or morass Jinjal A large musket fixed on a swivel used in Indian forts and fired with great precision Jug See Yug Jungle Jangle A wood or thicket a country overrun with shrubs or long grass K EditKhalsa Pure unmixed An office of government in which the business of the revenue department is transacted the exchequer Khalsa lands are lands the revenue of which is paid into the exchequer Khan Cawn A title similar to that of Lord Khilaut Kelaut A robe of honour with which princes confer dignity Killader Kelladar Warder of a castle commander of a fort Kist Stated payment instalment of rent Kushoon Cushogn A body of military corresponding nearest to our term brigade varying from one to six or eight thousand L EditLac also spelt Lakh In the Indian numbering system a unit of one hundred thousand or 105 in scientific notation and written as 1 00 000 rather than 100 000 in the Indian convention of digit grouping Lascar Properly a camp follower but applied to native sailors and artillery men Limber A low two wheeled carriage on which the trial of a gun is fixed when travelling it is released in a moment if wanted to fire which is called unlimbering the cattle being yoked to the limber guns are of course always dragged breech first M EditMaal Mahl Mehal Mhal Places districts departments Places or sources of revenue particularly of a territorial nature lands Maha Great Mahratta The Maratha caste Mocurrery As applied to lands it means lands let on a fixed lease Mofussil Separated particularized the subordinate divisions of a district in contradistinction to Saddur or Sudder which implies the chief seat of government Mofussil Dewanny Adawlut Provincial court of civil justice Mogul The Mughal Empire Mohammedan Mahomedan Moslem Muslims followers of the religion of Islam Molungee Manufacturer of salt Moofty Muftee Mufti The Mahomedan law officer who declares the sentence Monsoon The rainy season The periodical winds and rains Moolavy Mohlavee Maulvi A learned and religious man an interpreter of the Mahomedan law Moonshee Munshi Letter writer secretary Europeans give this title to the native who instructs them in the Persian language Mosque Musjid Masjid The Mahomedan place of worship Musnud The place of sitting a seat a throne or chair of state Mutseddey Mutaseddee Iutent upon Writer accountant secretary N EditNabob Nawab A Deputy or vicegerent The governor of a province under the Mogul government Naib A deputy Naib Nazim Deputy of the Nazim or Governor Naig Naik A petty military officer Nair Chief The Nairs are a peculiar description of Hindus on the Malabar coast Nazim Composer arranger adjuster The first officer of a province and minister of the department of criminal justice Nerbudda The Narmada River Nizam Order arrangement an arranger Nizam ul Mulk The administrator of the empire Nizamut Arrangement government the office of the Nazim or Nizam Nizamut Adawlut The court of criminal justice Nulla Streamlet water course Nuzzer A vow an offering a present made to a superior O EditOmrah A lord a grandee under the Mogul government Omra Oomra Umra The yearly Mahommedan pilgrimage to Mecca P EditPagoda A temple also the name of a gold coin in the south of India valued at eight shillings Palankeen Palanquin A litter in which gentleman in India recline and are carried on the shoulders of four men Pariar A term used by Europeans in India to denote the outcasts of the Hindu tribes Pariah A social outcast Also a breed of dog Parsee Parusi Parsis adherents of Zoroastrianism with Persian ancestry Patan Pathan A name applied to the Afghaun tribes Peshwa Peishwa Guide leader The prime minister of the Mahratta government Peon A lootmon a foot soldier an inferior officer or servant employed in the business of the revenue police or judicature Pergunnah Paragana A small district consisting of several villages Peshcush A present particularly to government in consideration of an appointment or as an acknowledgment for any tenure Tribute fine quit rent advance on the stipulated revenues Pettah The suburbs of a fortified town Polligar Polygar Head of a village district Military chieftain in the Peninsula similar to hill Zemindar in the northern circars Pollam A district held by a Polligar Potail The head man of a village The term corresponds with that of Mocuddim and Mundul in Bengal Pottah A lease granted to the cultivators on the part of government either written on paper or engraved with a style on the leaf of the fan palmira tree Pundit A learned Brahmen Purana Pooran Literally ancient the name given to such Hindu books as treat of creation in general with the history of their gods and ancient heroes Pyke A foot messenger A person employed as a night watch in a village and as a runner or messenger on the business of the revenue R EditRajah Maharaja King prince chieftain nobleman a title in ancient times given to chiefs of the second or military Hindu tribe only Rajepoot Rajput Literally son of a king The name of a warlike race of Hindus Rana A type of rajah Ranny Ranee Queen princess wife of a rajah Roy Royan A Hindu title given to the principal officer of the Khalsa or chief treasurer of the exchequer Rupee The name of a silver coin rated in the Company s accounts the current 1810 rupee at 2s the Bombay rupee at 2s 3d Ryot Peasant subject tenant of house or land S EditSayer What moves variable imposts distinct from land rent or revenue consisting of customs rolls licences duties on goods also taxes on houses shops bazars Scinde Sind The Sindh region Scindia Shinde A family of nobility Sepoy A native soldier Serai The same as Choaltry Shaster The instrument of government or instruction any book of instruction particularly containing divine ordinances Shroff Shrof A banker or money changer Sirdar Sardar Chief captain head man Soucar A merchant or banker a money lender Subah A province such as Bengal A grand division of a country which is again divided into circars chucklas pergunnahs and villages Subahdar Subedar The holder of the subah the governor or viceroy Subahdary The office and jurisdiction of a subahdar Sudder The breast the fore court of a house the chief seat of government contradistinguished from Mofussil or interior of the country the presidency Sudder Dewanny Adawlut The chief civil court of justice under the xxxv Company s government held at the presidency Sudder Nizamut Adawlut The chief criminal court of justice under the Company s government Shudra Sudra Sooder A Hindu of the fourth or lowest tribe Sonnud A prop or support a patent charter or written authority for holding either land or office T EditTalookdar A holder of a talook which is a small portion of land a petty land agent Tank Pond reservoir Tannahdar Thanadar A petty police officer Teed A note of hand a promissory note given by a native banker or money lender to Zemindars and others to enable them to furnish government with security for the payment of their rents Tehsildar Who has charge of the collections A native collector of a district acting under a European or Zemindar Topashes Native black Christians the remains of the ancient Portuguese Tope A grove of trees Tuncaw Tunkha An assignment on the revenue for personal support or other purposes Tumbril A carriage for the gun ammunition V EditVackbel Vaqnibl One endowed with authority to act for another Ambassador agent sent on a special commission or residing at a court Native law pleader under the judicial system of the Company Vizir Vizier Under the Mogul government the prime minister of the sovereign Vedas Veds Beeds Science knowledge The sacred scriptures of the Hindus W EditWallah A servant or other person responsible for something often specified before it for example kitchen wallahY EditYogies Jogies Hindu devotees Yug Jug Yoog An age a great period of the Hindus also a religious ceremony Z EditZemindar From two words signifying earth land and holder or keeper Land keeper An officer who under the Mahomedan government was charged with the superintendence of the lands of a district financially considered the protection of the cultivators and the realization of the government s share of its produce either in money or kind Zemindarry The office or jurisdiction of a Zemindar Zenana The place where the ladies reside Zillah Zila Jilla Side part district division A local division of a country having reference to personal jurisdiction See also EditColonial British IndiaReferences Edit Lalmalsawma David 7 September 2013 India speaks 780 languages 220 lost in last 50 years survey Reuters archived from the original on 10 September 2013 John MacKenzie A family empire BBC History Magazine Jan 2013 Mill James The History of British India Vol 1 of 6 3rd Edition London 1826 Glossary 1 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Glossary of the British Raj amp oldid 1132338229, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
