Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation
The Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation (VOC) is a non-profit anti-communist organization in the United States, authorized by a unanimous Act of Congress in 1993 for the purpose of "educating Americans about the ideology, history and legacy of communism."[3]
| Founded | 1994 |
|---|---|
| Founders | |
| Type | Non-profit |
| 52-1920858 | |
| Focus | Anti-communism |
| Location |
|
Key people |
|
| Website | victimsofcommunism |
The organization was responsible for building the Victims of Communism Memorial in Washington, D.C. It is a member of the European Union's Platform of European Memory and Conscience.
History edit
In 1991, Republican Senator Steve Symms and Representative Dana Rohrabacher introduced concurrent resolutions in the United States Congress urging the construction of "an International Memorial to the Victims of Communism at an appropriate location within the boundaries of the District of Columbia and for the appointment of a commission to oversee the design, construction and all other pertinent details of the memorial."[4][5]
In 1993, Rohrabacher and fellow Republican Senator Jesse Helms sponsored amendments to the FRIENDSHIP Act of 1993 which authorized such construction.[6] The act was signed into law by Democratic President Bill Clinton on December 17, 1993.[7] It cited "the deaths of over 100,000,000 victims in an unprecedented imperial holocaust" and resolved that "the sacrifices of these victims should be permanently memorialized so that never again will nations and peoples allow so evil a tyranny to terrorize the world."[3]
According to Title IX, Section 905 of Public Law 103–199, an independent organization was to be established to construct, maintain, and operate the Victims of Communism Memorial in Washington, D.C., as well as to collect the contributions for the establishment of the memorial and to encourage the participation of all groups suffered under Communist regimes.[8] In 2007, the foundation completed the Victims of Communism Memorial, which was dedicated by Republican President George W. Bush.[9] In 2016, the foundation released a list of 51 prisoners of conscience in Cuba just before Democratic President Barack Obama visit and meeting with Cuban leader Raúl Castro.[10] In 2020, the organization released a report alleging organ harvesting from Falun Gong practitioners and Uyghurs in China.[11]
Programs edit
Victims of Communism Memorial edit
The memorial was dedicated on June 12, 2007, the 20th anniversary of Republican President Ronald Reagan's Tear down this wall! speech in Berlin. The unveiling of the statue in Washington DC earned international press attention.[12]
The land was a gift of the National Park Service, and the remaining cost, over $1 million, was raised from private sources.[13] Sculpted by Thomas Marsh, it is a 10-foot bronze replica of the Papier-mâché Goddess of Democracy statue made by student democracy protesters leading up to the Tiananmen Square massacre in 1989.[14]
Museum edit
The foundation opened a museum in Washington, D.C, two blocks from the White House in June 2022, featuring three permanent galleries and a temporary gallery focused on the victims of communism. In the Washington Post, columnist George F. Will wrote that “Visitors to the museum will experience a wholesome immersion in the nation’s anti-communist success. And they will be reminded that this work is unfinished."[15]
Truman-Reagan Medal of Freedom edit
The foundation annually presents its Truman-Reagan Medal of Freedom at an event which honors opponents of communism and has been used to raise funds for the construction of the memorial.[16] Past recipients include Myroslav Marynovych, Chen Guangcheng, Tom Lantos, Pope John Paul II, Vaclav Havel, Yang Jianli, Thadeus Nguyễn Văn Lý, Yelena Bonner, William F. Buckley Jr., Richard Pipes, Guillermo Fariñas, Lane Kirkland, Armando Valladares, János Horváth, Lech Wałęsa, Anna Walentynowicz, National Endowment for Democracy, and Henry M. Jackson.[16][17][18][19]
Projects edit
In 2015, the foundation released a biopic video series called Witness Project, featuring interviews with witnesses of communism.[20]
Personnel edit
VOC's chairman is Elizabeth Edwards Spalding. Its chairman emeritus and co-founder is scholar Edwin Feulner.[2] Its previous chairman emeritus is Lee Edwards, a founding member of the conservative youth activism organization Young Americans for Freedom[21] and distinguished fellow at The Heritage Foundation.[22] Lev Dobriansky, economics professor and chairman of the anti-communist National Captive Nations Committee, previously served as chairman emeritus.[2][23] Its vice chairman is Randal Teague.[24]
Andrew Bremberg, former department manager for federally funded not-for-profit defence research contractor MITRE and former director of the Domestic Policy Council for U.S. President Donald Trump,[25] serves as president of VOC.[26] Ken Pope is the current CEO.[27]
The advisory council includes Sali Berisha, Dennis DeConcini, Carl Gershman, Mart Laar, Vytautas Landsbergis, Katrina Lantos Swett, Daniel Lipinski, Guntis Ulmanis, Armando Valladares, and others.[2]
See also edit
- Mass killings under communist regimes
- Crimes against humanity under communist regimes
- Soviet war crimes
- Memorial (society) – liberal human rights anti-communist organization in Russia banned in 2022[28]
Other notable memorials edit
- Museum of Communism, Czech Republic
- Museum of Communism, Warsaw
- Virtual Museum of Soviet Repression in Belarus
- Memorial to Victims of Stalinist Repression in Moldova
- Monument to the Victims of the Soviet Occupation in Moldova
- Memorial to the Victims of Communism in Prague, Czech Republic
- Memorial to the Victims of Communism – Canada, a Land of Refuge, a memorial under construction in Ottawa, Canada
- Victims of Communism 1940–1991 Memorial in Tallinn, Estonia
References edit
- ^ Smith, Dinitia (December 23, 1995). "For the Victims of Communism". The New York Times. from the original on September 24, 2019. Retrieved November 4, 2009.
- ^ a b c d "Leadership". Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation. Retrieved August 13, 2023.
- ^ a b Rauch, Jonathan (December 2003). "The Forgotten Millions". The Atlantic. from the original on October 11, 2008. Retrieved November 4, 2009.
- ^ "S. Con. Res. 55". thomas.loc.gov. Library of Congress. July 26, 1991. from the original on July 4, 2016. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
- ^ "H. Con. Res. 228". thomas.loc.gov. Library of Congress. 1991. Archived from the original on July 20, 2012. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
- ^ "U.S. Laws Catch Up to the New Russia". The New York Times. November 29, 1993. from the original on May 26, 2015. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
- ^ "Bill Summary and Status". Library of Congress. December 17, 1993. Archived from the original on July 31, 2012. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
- ^ "Public Law 103-199". United States Congress. from the original on June 14, 2011. Retrieved November 3, 2009 – via Mega.nu.
- ^ "China Blasts Bush Tribute to Victims of Communism". Reuters. June 13, 2007. from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
- ^ Rhodan, Maya (March 21, 2016). "Advocates List Cuba's Political Prisoners After Castro Says There Are None". Time. from the original on May 17, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
- ^ Lipes, Joshua (March 12, 2020). "Uyghur, Falun Gong Detainees Likely Source for China's Organ Market: Report". Radio Free Asia. from the original on March 16, 2020. Retrieved March 16, 2020.
- ^ . Kommersant. June 13, 2007. Archived from the original on October 10, 2012. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
- ^ Butler, Don (March 6, 2015). "A tale of Two Monuments: Washington vs. Ottawa". Ottawa Citizen. from the original on May 3, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
- ^ Miller, John (December 12, 2005). "Memorial Day: Honoring the victims of Communism". The National Review. from the original on September 18, 2009. Retrieved November 4, 2009.
- ^ George, Will (August 24, 2022). "D.C.'s new Victims of Communism Museum tells a vital, unfinished tale". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 13, 2023.
- ^ a b Clyne, Meghan (December 13, 2005). "D.C. Monument To Be Built In Honor of Victims of Communism". The New York Sun. from the original on June 14, 2011. Retrieved November 4, 2009.
- ^ Nordlinger, Jay (July 25, 2014). "Sweet Solidarity, Part II". National Review. from the original on June 10, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
- ^ "Truman-Reagan Medal of Freedom". Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation. from the original on April 24, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
- ^ . Asia Times. November 16, 2015. Archived from the original on November 7, 2015. Retrieved May 18, 2016.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Abigail Clevenger (May 8, 2014). "What About Communism". Philanthropy Daily. from the original on October 28, 2016. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
- ^ Olmstead, Gracy (February 14, 2018). "Lee Edwards: When the 'New Right' Was New". The American Conservative. from the original on August 14, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
- ^ "Lee Edwards, Ph.D." The Heritage Foundation. from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
- ^ Holley, Joe (February 6, 2008). "Lev E. Dobriansky, 89; Professor and Foe of Communism". Washington Post.
- ^ "Randal Cornell Teague". Victims of Communism. Retrieved August 23, 2023.
- ^ Michael Shear (May 2, 2017). "Trump Discards Obama Legacy, One Rule at a Time". The New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved November 29, 2021.
- ^ "Andrew Bamberg". Victims of Communism. Retrieved August 13, 2023.
- ^ "Ken Pope". Victims of Communism. Retrieved August 13, 2023.
- ^ Chernova, Anna. "Historic Russian Human Rights Center Closes, Warns of "Return to the Totalitarian Past"". CNN. Retrieved April 5, 2022.
Further reading edit
- Neumayer, Laure (2018). "Introduction". The Criminalisation of Communism in the European Political Space after the Cold War. London: Routledge. ISBN 9781351141741.
External links edit
- Official website