Ubiquitous in mid-twentieth century Italy, the hymn emphasized youth as a theme of the fascist movement and was one example of the centrality of the Arditi to the fascist narrative.[7]
"Giovinezza" was composed by lawyer and composer Giuseppe Blanc in 1909 as "Il Commiato" (Italian for "farewell"). Blanc later also wrote other fascist songs, including The Eagles of Rome, an Ode to the Italian Empire.[8] Previously a Turin university graduation song,[9] and popular among Italian soldiers during World War I, the song was called "Inno degli Arditi" (Hymn of the Arditi, a corps of the Italian Royal Army during World War I, whose members joined the fascist movement in large numbers).[10] The hymn was further popularized by the mass rallies of Gabriele d'Annunzio in Fiume.[11]
The version sung during the March on Rome was composed by G. Castaldo in 1921, using the original score by Giuseppe Blanc and words by Marcello Manni (beginning "Su compagni in forte schiere").[12] After the March on Rome, where it was sung, Mussolini commissioned Salvator Gotta to write the new lyrics, which were completed in 1924.[13]
Gotta's version plays on fascist themes like youth and nationalism. Its reference to "Alighieri's vision" is an allusion to Dante Alighieri marking Italy's borders on the Quarnaro (Kvarner) Gulf, thus including the province of Istria, a territory granted to Italy after World War I.[14]
After the capitulation of Italy in 1944, the Allies suppressed the hymn in Italy. At the time, Italy had no national anthem,[12] until Il Canto degli Italiani was provisionally chosen when Italy became a Republic on 12 October 1946, only to be officially legislated on 4 December 2017.
The lines "E per Benito Mussolini / Eja eja alalà / E per la nostra Patria bella / Eja eja alalà" do not appear in some recorded and published versions of the song.
Performances
"Giovinezza" was played "with the slightest pretext" at sporting events, films, and other public gatherings, and often carried adverse (even violent) consequences for those who did not join in.[17] Even foreigners were roughed up by blackshirts if they failed to remove their hats and show respect when "Giovinezza" was played.[18]
In the 1930s, "Giovinezza" was made the official anthem of the Italian army.[19] The school day was required to be opened either with "Giovinezza" or "Balilla", the song of the Opera Nazionale Balilla.[20] A faint, recorded version of the hymn played in the background of the Chapel of the Fascist Martyrs in the Exhibition of the Fascist Revolution.[21]
There was a German song with German lyrics, set to the same tune as Giovinezza; "Hitlerleute" (Hitler's people) replacing "Giovinezza". [2] A Japanese translation of Giovinezza, "黒シャツ党の歌" (lit. The song of blackshirts party) and "ファシストの歌" (lit. Fascist Song), was created in commemoration of the Tripartite Pact and used in Japanese overseas broadcasting.[22]
Italian tenorBeniamino Gigli recorded "Giovinezza" in 1937, although the anthem is noticeably excluded from his "Edizione Integrale", released by EMI.[23] "Giovinezza" followed the inauguration of the Fascist parliament in 1924 (following the Acerbo law)[24] and preceded the Naziradio broadcast announcing the creation of the Italian Social Republic.[25]
"Giovinezza" was sung on 12 March 1939, the day of Pope Pius XII's coronation, by the Pope's Palatine Guard. After the last ceremony of his papal coronation was over Pius XII went to rest in the Lateran Palace. The singing occurred during a moment of public bonhomie between the Palatine Guards and the Italian Guards, "Palatine and Italian Guards exchanged courtesies, the former playing the fascist anthem, "Giovinezza" and the latter the papal hymn." This incident, which was not part of the coronation ceremony and took place without the knowledge or approval of Pope Pius XII is sometimes used to portray Pius XII as a crypto-fascist. [26]
Toscanini
Arturo Toscanini (who had previously run as a Fascist parliamentary candidate in 1919 and whom Mussolini had called "the greatest conductor in the world") notably refused to conduct "Giovinezza" on multiple occasions. Toscanini had refused to play "Giovinezza" in Milan in 1922 and later in Bayreuth, which earned him accolades from anti-fascists throughout Europe.[27] Mussolini did not attend the premier of Puccini'sTurandot on 15 April 1926 – having been invited by the management of La Scala – because Toscanini would not play Giovinezza before the performance.[28] Finally, Toscanini refused to conduct "Giovinezza" at a May 1931 concert in Bologna, was subsequently roughed up by a group of blackshirts, and thereafter left Italy until after World War II.[1][29]
Relationship to Marcia Reale
The Royal March had often preceded "Giovinezza" on official occasions,[30] as required by official regulations following an abortive attempt to conflate the two songs.[5] Many considered the Royal March "long winded and gaudy", and these faults were thrown into sharp relief by back-to-back ceremonial presentations.[31] "Giovinezza" was used as a sign-off by Italian radio under Mussolini; after the ousting of Mussolini in 1943, the Italian radio signed off for the first time in 21 years playing only the Royal March, "Marcia Reale".[32]
^ abFarrell, Nicholas. 2005. Mussolini: a New Life. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. ISBN1-84212-123-5. p. 238.
^Bertini, Tullio Bruno. 1998. Trapped in Tuscany Liberated by the Buffalo Soldiers. Branden Books. ISBN0-937832-35-9. p. 79.
^Silone, Ignazio. 1977. Fontamara. Manchester University Press. ISBN0-7190-0662-7. p. 252.
^Smith, Denis Mack. 1959. Italy: A Modern History. University of Michigan Press. p. 391.
^ abMack-Smith, Denis M. 1989. Italy and Its Monarchy. Yale University Press. ISBN0-300-05132-8. p. 273.
^Giacomo De Marzi, I canti di Salò, Fratelli Frilli, 2005.
^Olick, Jeffrey K. 2003. States of Memory-CL: continuities, conflicts, and transformations in national retrospection. Duke University Press. ISBN0-8223-3063-6. p. 69.
^Arnold, Denis. 1983. The New Oxford Companion to Music. Oxford University Press. p. 763.
^Langsam, Walter Consuelo. 1954. The World Since 1919. Macmillan. p. 154.
^Scott, Jonathan French, and Baltzly, Alexander. 1930. Readings in European History Since 1814. F. S. Crofts & co. p. 607.
^Payne, George Stanley. 1995. A History of Fascism, 1914-1945. Routledge. ISBN1-85728-595-6. p. 92.
^ abBlom, Eric ed., 1955, Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, St. Martin's Press, p. 22
^Gallagher, Tag. 1998. The Adventures of Roberto Rossellini. Da Capo Press. ISBN0-306-80873-0. p. 62.
^Mellow, MR James R. 1994. Hemingway: A Life Without Consequences. Da Capo Press. ISBN0-201-62620-9. p. 184.
^Germino, Dante L. 1959. The Italian Fascist Party in Power: A Study in Totalitarian Rule. University of Minnesota Press. p. 114.
^Ebenstein, William. 1972. Fascist at Work. Ams Pr Inc. p. 134.
^Etlin, Richard A. 1994. Symbolic Space: French Enlightenment Architecture and Its Legacy. University of Chicago Press. ISBN0-226-22084-2. p. 196.
^北山節郎 (KITAYAMA, Setsurou) 1987 ラジオ・トウキョウ 1 真珠湾への道 (Radio Tokyo 1: The road to the Pearl Harbor) ISBN978-4803802078
^High fidelity. 1957. Records in Review. Wyeth Press. p. 360.
^The New York Times. 25 May 1924. "Italy's Parliament Opened with Pomp." p. 3.
^New York Times. 9 September 1943. "New Fascist Regime Setup, Nazis Report." p. 1.
^Matthews, Herbert L. 19 May 1939. "Pope Takes Over St. John Lateran In Pageant Last Held 93 Years Ago." New York Times. p. 9.
^Ignatieff, Michael. 1999. Isaiah Berlin: A Life. Owl Books. ISBN0-8050-6300-5. p. 54.
^Osborne, Charles. 1993. The Complete Operas of Puccini: A Critical Guide. Da Capo Press. ISBN0-306-80200-7. p. 250-251.
^Taubman, Hyman Howard. 1951. The Maestro, the Life of Arturo Toscanini. Simon and Schuster. p. 157.
^Procacci, Giuliano. 1970. History of the Italian People. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 356.
^Katz, Robert. 1971. The Fall of the House of Savoy. Macmillan. p. 259.
^Brigham, Daniel T. 26 July 1943. "Mussolini ousted with fascist cabinet." New York Times.
External links
Giovinezza 78rpm record on the Internet Archive
Lyrics
Giovinezza in Italian and German
Giovinezza in Italian and Spanish
May 05, 2023
giovinezza, this, article, about, fascist, hymn, original, graduation, song, graduation, song, 1952, italian, comedy, film, film, italian, youth, pronounced, dʒoviˈnettsa, official, hymn, italian, national, fascist, party, regime, army, unofficial, national, a. This article is about the fascist hymn For the original graduation song see Giovinezza graduation song For the 1952 Italian comedy film see Giovinezza film Giovinezza Italian for Youth pronounced dʒoviˈnettsa was the official hymn of the Italian National Fascist Party regime and army and was an unofficial national anthem of the Kingdom of Italy between 1924 and 1943 1 Although often sung with the official national anthem Marcia Reale some sources consider Giovinezza to have supplanted the Royal March as the de facto national anthem Inno della Patria 2 of Italy 3 to the dismay of Victor Emmanuel III of Italy 4 a powerful symbol of the diarchy between the King and Mussolini 5 It was subsequently the official anthem of the Italian Social Republic 6 GiovinezzaEnglish YouthScore of GiovinezzaFormer national anthem of ItalyLyricsNino Oxilia 1909 Marcello Manni 1919 Salvator Gotta 1924 MusicGiuseppe Blanc 1909Adopted1943Relinquished1945Preceded by Marcia Reale Kingdom of Italy Succeeded by La Leggenda del Piave Audio sample source source source Giovinezza instrumental filehelpUbiquitous in mid twentieth century Italy the hymn emphasized youth as a theme of the fascist movement and was one example of the centrality of the Arditi to the fascist narrative 7 Contents 1 History 2 Lyrics 2 1 1922 Lyrics 2 2 1924 Lyrics 3 Performances 3 1 Toscanini 4 Relationship to Marcia Reale 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksHistory Edit Giovinezza was composed by lawyer and composer Giuseppe Blanc in 1909 as Il Commiato Italian for farewell Blanc later also wrote other fascist songs including The Eagles of Rome an Ode to the Italian Empire 8 Previously a Turin university graduation song 9 and popular among Italian soldiers during World War I the song was called Inno degli Arditi Hymn of the Arditi a corps of the Italian Royal Army during World War I whose members joined the fascist movement in large numbers 10 The hymn was further popularized by the mass rallies of Gabriele d Annunzio in Fiume 11 The version sung during the March on Rome was composed by G Castaldo in 1921 using the original score by Giuseppe Blanc and words by Marcello Manni beginning Su compagni in forte schiere 12 After the March on Rome where it was sung Mussolini commissioned Salvator Gotta to write the new lyrics which were completed in 1924 13 Gotta s version plays on fascist themes like youth and nationalism Its reference to Alighieri s vision is an allusion to Dante Alighieri marking Italy s borders on the Quarnaro Kvarner Gulf thus including the province of Istria a territory granted to Italy after World War I 14 After the capitulation of Italy in 1944 the Allies suppressed the hymn in Italy At the time Italy had no national anthem 12 until Il Canto degli Italiani was provisionally chosen when Italy became a Republic on 12 October 1946 only to be officially legislated on 4 December 2017 Lyrics Edit1922 Lyrics Edit Italian lyrics 15 Su compagni in forti schiere marciam verso l avvenire Siam falangi audaci e fiere pronte a osare pronte a ardire dd Trionfi alfine l ideale per cui tanto combattemmo fratellanza nazionale d italiana civilta dd Giovinezza giovinezza primavera di bellezza nel fascismo e la salvezza della nostra liberta dd Non piu ignava ne avvilita resti ancor la nostra gente si ridesti a nuova vita di splendore piu possente dd Su leviamo alta la face che c illumini il cammino nel lavoro e nella pace sia la vera liberta dd Giovinezza giovinezza primavera di bellezza nel fascismo e la salvezza della nostra liberta dd Nelle veglie di trincea cupo vento di mitraglia ci ravvolse alla bandiera che agitammo alla battaglia dd Vittoriosa al nuovo sole stretti a lei dobbiam lottare e l Italia che lo vuole per l Italia vincerem dd Giovinezza giovinezza primavera di bellezza nel fascismo e la salvezza della nostra liberta dd Sorgi alfin lavoratore Giunto e il di della riscossa Ti frodarono il sudore con l appello alla sommossa dd Giu le bende ai traditori che ti strinsero a catena alla gogna gl impostori delle asiatiche virtu dd Giovinezza giovinezza primavera di bellezza nel fascismo e la salvezza della nostra liberta dd English translation 15 Come on comrades in strong ranks Let s march toward the future We re audacious and fierce phalanxes Ready to dare ready to dare dd dd dd Finally triumphs the ideal For which we fought so much National brotherhood Of Italian civilization dd dd dd Youth youth Spring of beauty In fascism s the salvation Of our liberty dd dd dd No more slothful nor disheartened Remains still our people They reawakened to new life Of more powerful splendor dd dd dd Come on let s raise high the torch Which lights the way In work and in peace Is true liberty dd dd dd Youth youth Spring of beauty In fascism s the salvation Of our liberty dd dd dd In vigils of trenches Dark wind of machine gun Wrapped us in the flag Which we stirred to the battle dd dd dd Victorious at the new sun Close to her we must fight It s Italy that wants this For Italy we ll win dd dd dd Youth youth Spring of beauty In fascism s the salvation Of our liberty dd dd dd Arise at last worker Arrived is the day of revenge They defrauded you sweat With the call to riot dd dd dd Down with the traitors bandages Which reduce you to chains To the pillory the imposters Of Asian virtue dd dd dd Youth youth Spring of beauty In fascism s the salvation Of our liberty dd dd dd 1924 Lyrics Edit source source track track Italian lyricsSalve o popolo di eroi salve o Patria immortale son rinati i figli tuoi con la fe nell ideale Il valor dei tuoi guerrieri la virtu dei pionieri la vision dell Alighieri oggi brilla in tutti i cuor dd Giovinezza Giovinezza Primavera di bellezza della vita nell asprezza il tuo canto squilla e va E per Benito Mussolini Eja eja alala E per la nostra Patria bella Eja eja alala dd Nell Italia nei confini son rifatti gli Italiani li ha rifatti Mussolini per la guerra di domani Per la gloria del lavoro per la pace e per l alloro per la gogna di coloro che la Patria rinnegar dd I poeti e gli artigiani i signori e i contadini con orgoglio d Italiani giuran fede a Mussolini Non v e povero quartiere che non mandi le sue schiere che non spieghi le bandiere del Fascismo redentor dd English translation 16 Hail people of heroes hail immortal Fatherland your sons were born again with the faith and the ideal Your warriors valour your pioneers virtue Alighieri s vision today shines in every heart dd dd dd dd Youth Youth Spring of beauty In the hardship of life Your song rings and goes And for Benito Mussolini Hip hip hooray And for our beautiful Fatherland Hip hip hooray dd dd dd dd In the Italian borders Italians have been remade Mussolini has remade them For tomorrow s war For labour s glory for peace and for the laurel for the shame of those who have disowned our Fatherland dd dd dd dd The poets and the artisans the lords and the countrymen with an Italian s pride swear loyalty to Mussolini There is no poor neighbourhood which does not send its ranks which does not unfurl the flags of redeeming Fascism dd dd dd dd The lines E per Benito Mussolini Eja eja alala E per la nostra Patria bella Eja eja alala do not appear in some recorded and published versions of the song Performances Edit Giovinezza was played with the slightest pretext at sporting events films and other public gatherings and often carried adverse even violent consequences for those who did not join in 17 Even foreigners were roughed up by blackshirts if they failed to remove their hats and show respect when Giovinezza was played 18 In the 1930s Giovinezza was made the official anthem of the Italian army 19 The school day was required to be opened either with Giovinezza or Balilla the song of the Opera Nazionale Balilla 20 A faint recorded version of the hymn played in the background of the Chapel of the Fascist Martyrs in the Exhibition of the Fascist Revolution 21 There was a German song with German lyrics set to the same tune as Giovinezza Hitlerleute Hitler s people replacing Giovinezza 2 A Japanese translation of Giovinezza 黒シャツ党の歌 lit The song of blackshirts party and ファシストの歌 lit Fascist Song was created in commemoration of the Tripartite Pact and used in Japanese overseas broadcasting 22 Italian tenor Beniamino Gigli recorded Giovinezza in 1937 although the anthem is noticeably excluded from his Edizione Integrale released by EMI 23 Giovinezza followed the inauguration of the Fascist parliament in 1924 following the Acerbo law 24 and preceded the Nazi radio broadcast announcing the creation of the Italian Social Republic 25 Giovinezza was sung on 12 March 1939 the day of Pope Pius XII s coronation by the Pope s Palatine Guard After the last ceremony of his papal coronation was over Pius XII went to rest in the Lateran Palace The singing occurred during a moment of public bonhomie between the Palatine Guards and the Italian Guards Palatine and Italian Guards exchanged courtesies the former playing the fascist anthem Giovinezza and the latter the papal hymn This incident which was not part of the coronation ceremony and took place without the knowledge or approval of Pope Pius XII is sometimes used to portray Pius XII as a crypto fascist 26 Toscanini Edit Arturo Toscanini who had previously run as a Fascist parliamentary candidate in 1919 and whom Mussolini had called the greatest conductor in the world notably refused to conduct Giovinezza on multiple occasions Toscanini had refused to play Giovinezza in Milan in 1922 and later in Bayreuth which earned him accolades from anti fascists throughout Europe 27 Mussolini did not attend the premier of Puccini s Turandot on 15 April 1926 having been invited by the management of La Scala because Toscanini would not play Giovinezza before the performance 28 Finally Toscanini refused to conduct Giovinezza at a May 1931 concert in Bologna was subsequently roughed up by a group of blackshirts and thereafter left Italy until after World War II 1 29 Relationship to Marcia Reale EditThe Royal March had often preceded Giovinezza on official occasions 30 as required by official regulations following an abortive attempt to conflate the two songs 5 Many considered the Royal March long winded and gaudy and these faults were thrown into sharp relief by back to back ceremonial presentations 31 Giovinezza was used as a sign off by Italian radio under Mussolini after the ousting of Mussolini in 1943 the Italian radio signed off for the first time in 21 years playing only the Royal March Marcia Reale 32 See also EditIl Canto degli Italiani the current Italian national anthem Faccetta Nera Horst Wessel Lied Cara al SolReferences Edit a b Farrell Nicholas 2005 Mussolini a New Life Sterling Publishing Company Inc ISBN 1 84212 123 5 p 238 Bertini Tullio Bruno 1998 Trapped in Tuscany Liberated by the Buffalo Soldiers Branden Books ISBN 0 937832 35 9 p 79 Silone Ignazio 1977 Fontamara Manchester University Press ISBN 0 7190 0662 7 p 252 Smith Denis Mack 1959 Italy A Modern History University of Michigan Press p 391 a b Mack Smith Denis M 1989 Italy and Its Monarchy Yale University Press ISBN 0 300 05132 8 p 273 Giacomo De Marzi I canti di Salo Fratelli Frilli 2005 Olick Jeffrey K 2003 States of Memory CL continuities conflicts and transformations in national retrospection Duke University Press ISBN 0 8223 3063 6 p 69 Arnold Denis 1983 The New Oxford Companion to Music Oxford University Press p 763 Langsam Walter Consuelo 1954 The World Since 1919 Macmillan p 154 Scott Jonathan French and Baltzly Alexander 1930 Readings in European History Since 1814 F S Crofts amp co p 607 Payne George Stanley 1995 A History of Fascism 1914 1945 Routledge ISBN 1 85728 595 6 p 92 a b Blom Eric ed 1955 Grove s Dictionary of Music and Musicians St Martin s Press p 22 Giovinezza The Youth Bosworth Richard J B 1996 Italy and the Wider World 1860 1960 Routledge ISBN 0 415 13477 3 p 154 a b Fasci di combattimento Version PNF Version 1 Gallagher Tag 1998 The Adventures of Roberto Rossellini Da Capo Press ISBN 0 306 80873 0 p 62 Mellow MR James R 1994 Hemingway A Life Without Consequences Da Capo Press ISBN 0 201 62620 9 p 184 Germino Dante L 1959 The Italian Fascist Party in Power A Study in Totalitarian Rule University of Minnesota Press p 114 Ebenstein William 1972 Fascist at Work Ams Pr Inc p 134 Etlin Richard A 1994 Symbolic Space French Enlightenment Architecture and Its Legacy University of Chicago Press ISBN 0 226 22084 2 p 196 北山節郎 KITAYAMA Setsurou 1987 ラジオ トウキョウ 1 真珠湾への道 Radio Tokyo 1 The road to the Pearl Harbor ISBN 978 4803802078 High fidelity 1957 Records in Review Wyeth Press p 360 The New York Times 25 May 1924 Italy s Parliament Opened with Pomp p 3 New York Times 9 September 1943 New Fascist Regime Setup Nazis Report p 1 Matthews Herbert L 19 May 1939 Pope Takes Over St John Lateran In Pageant Last Held 93 Years Ago New York Times p 9 Ignatieff Michael 1999 Isaiah Berlin A Life Owl Books ISBN 0 8050 6300 5 p 54 Osborne Charles 1993 The Complete Operas of Puccini A Critical Guide Da Capo Press ISBN 0 306 80200 7 p 250 251 Taubman Hyman Howard 1951 The Maestro the Life of Arturo Toscanini Simon and Schuster p 157 Procacci Giuliano 1970 History of the Italian People Weidenfeld amp Nicolson p 356 Katz Robert 1971 The Fall of the House of Savoy Macmillan p 259 Brigham Daniel T 26 July 1943 Mussolini ousted with fascist cabinet New York Times External links EditGiovinezza 78rpm record on the Internet ArchiveLyricsGiovinezza in Italian and English Giovinezza in Italian and German Giovinezza in Italian and Spanish Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Giovinezza amp oldid 1152890228, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
