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La Scala

March 07, 2023

This article is about the opera house. For other uses, see Scala (disambiguation).

La Scala (UK: /læ ˈskɑːlə/, US: /lɑː -/,[1] Italian: [la ˈskaːla]; abbreviation in Italian of the official name Teatro alla Scala [teˈaːtro alla ˈskaːla]) is a famous opera house in Milan, Italy. The theatre was inaugurated on 3 August 1778 and was originally known as the Nuovo Regio Ducale Teatro alla Scala (New Royal-Ducal Theatre alla Scala). The premiere performance was Antonio Salieri's Europa riconosciuta.

La Scala
Exterior of La Scala
AddressPiazza della Scala, Milan
Italy
Coordinates45°28′03″N 09°11′21″E / 45.46750°N 9.18917°E / 45.46750; 9.18917Coordinates: 45°28′03″N 09°11′21″E / 45.46750°N 9.18917°E / 45.46750; 9.18917
OwnerCity of Milan
Capacity2,030
Construction
Opened1778
ArchitectGiuseppe Piermarini
Website
Teatro alla Scala

Most of Italy's greatest operatic artists, and many of the finest singers from around the world, have appeared at La Scala. The theatre is regarded as one of the leading opera and ballet theatres globally. It is home to the La Scala Theatre Chorus, La Scala Theatre Ballet, La Scala Theatre Orchestra, and the Filarmonica della Scala orchestra. The theatre also has an associate school, known as the La Scala Theatre Academy (Italian: Accademia Teatro alla Scala), which offers professional training in music, dance, stagecraft, and stage management.

Overview

 
The Teatro alla Scala in Milan, by night

La Scala's season opens on 7 December, Saint Ambrose's Day, the feast day of Milan's patron saint. All performances must end before midnight, and long operas start earlier in the evening when necessary.

The Museo Teatrale alla Scala (La Scala Theatre Museum), accessible from the theatre's foyer and a part of the house, contains a collection of paintings, drafts, statues, costumes, and other documents regarding La Scala's and opera history in general. La Scala also hosts the Accademia d'Arti e Mestieri dello Spettacolo (Academy for the Performing Arts). Its goal is to train a new generation of young musicians, technical staff, and dancers (at the Scuola di Ballo del Teatro alla Scala, one of the academy's divisions).

Above the boxes, La Scala has a gallery—called the loggione—where the less wealthy can watch the performances. The gallery is typically crowded with the most critical opera aficionados, known as the loggionisti, who can be ecstatic or merciless towards singers' perceived successes or failures.[2] For their failures, artists receive a "baptism of fire" from these aficionados, and fiascos are long remembered. For example, in 2006, tenor Roberto Alagna left the stage after being booed during a performance of Aida, forcing his understudy, Antonello Palombi, to quickly replace him mid-scene without time to change into a costume. Alagna did not return to the production.[3]

History

 
A nineteenth-century depiction of the Teatro alla Scala

A fire destroyed the previous theatre, the Teatro Regio Ducale, on 25 February 1776, after a carnival gala. A group of ninety wealthy Milanese, who owned private boxes in the theatre, wrote to Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este asking for a new theatre and a provisional one to be used while completing the new one. The neoclassical architect Giuseppe Piermarini produced an initial design. However, it was rejected by Count Firmian (the governor of the then Austrian Lombardy).

A second plan was accepted in 1776 by Empress Maria Theresa. The new theatre was built on the former location of the church of Santa Maria alla Scala, from which the theatre gets its name. The church was deconsecrated and demolished. Over a period of two years, the theatre was completed by Pietro Marliani, Pietro Nosetti, and Antonio and Giuseppe Fe. The theatre had a total of "3,000 or so" seats[4] organized into 678 pit-stalls, arranged in six tiers of boxes above which is the 'loggione' or two galleries. Its stage is one of the largest in Italy (16.15m d x 20.4m w x 26m h).

Building expenses were covered by the sale of boxes, which were lavishly decorated by their owners, impressing observers such as Stendhal. La Scala (as it came to be known) soon became the preeminent meeting place for noble and wealthy Milanese people. In the tradition of the times, the main floor had no chairs, and spectators watched the shows standing up. The orchestra was in full sight, as the orchestra pit had not yet been built.

As with most of the theatres at that time, La Scala was also a casino, with gamblers sitting in the foyer.[5] Conditions in the auditorium, too, could be frustrating for the opera lover, as Mary Shelley discovered in September 1840:

At the Opera they were giving Otto Nicolai's Templario. Unfortunately, as it is well known, the theatre of La Scala serves, not only as the universal drawing-room for all the society of Milan but every sort of trading transaction, from horse-dealing to stock-jobbing, is carried on in the pit; so that brief and far between are the snatches of melody one can catch.[6]

La Scala was originally illuminated with 84 oil lamps mounted on the stage and another thousand in the rest of the theatre. To reduce the risks of fire, several rooms were filled with hundreds of water buckets. In time, oil lamps were replaced by gas lamps; these, in turn, were replaced by electric lights in 1883.

 
Interior of the opera house in 1900

The original structure was renovated in 1907 when it was given its current layout with 1,987 seats. In 1943, during World War II, La Scala was severely damaged by bombing. It was rebuilt and reopened on 11 May 1946, with a memorable concert conducted by Arturo Toscanini—twice La Scala's principal conductor and an associate of the composers Giuseppe Verdi and Giacomo Puccini—with a soprano solo by Renata Tebaldi, which created a sensation.

La Scala hosted the first productions of many famous operas and had a special relationship with Verdi. However, for several years, Verdi did not allow his work to be played here, as some of his music had been modified (he said "corrupted") by the orchestra. This dispute originated in a disagreement over the production of his Giovanna d'Arco in 1845; however, the composer later conducted his Requiem there on 25 May 1874. He announced in 1886 that La Scala would host the premiere of what was to become his penultimate opera, Otello.[7] The premiere of his last opera, Falstaff was also given in the theatre.

Filarmonica della Scala

In 1982, the Filarmonica della Scala orchestra was established to develop a symphonic repertoire to add to La Scala's operatic tradition,[8] the orchestra drawing its members from the larger pool of musicians that comprise the Orchestra della Scala. The Filarmonica was conducted first by Carlo Maria Giulini, then by Riccardo Muti, plus many collaborative relations with some of the greatest conductors of the time.[8]

Rossini's opera, William Tell was premiered there, and it had the selections like 'Overture', 'Storm', 'Randez Vaches', and the well known 'March of the Swiss Soldiers', the theme song of the Lone Ranger.

Recent developments

Major renovation, 2002 to 2004

 
The exterior of La Scala in 2005 after the 2002/04 renovations

The theatre underwent a major renovation from early 2002 to late 2004. The theatre closed following the traditional 7 December 2001 season-opening performances of Otello, which ran through December. From 19 January 2002 to November 2004, the opera company transferred to the new Teatro degli Arcimboldi, built in the Pirelli-Bicocca industrial area 4.5 miles (7.2 km) from the city center.

 
The theatre's restored interior

The renovation by architect Mario Botta proved controversial, as preservationists feared that historic details would be lost.[9][10] However, the opera company was satisfied with the improvements to the structure and the sound quality, which was enhanced when the heavy red carpets in the hall were removed. The stage was entirely rebuilt, and an enlarged backstage allows more sets to be stored, permitting more productions.

Seats now include monitors for the electronic libretto system provided by Radio Marconi, an Italian company, allowing audiences to follow opera libretti in English and Italian in addition to the original language.

The opera house re-opened on 7 December 2004 with a production, conducted by Riccardo Muti, of Salieri's Europa riconosciuta, the opera performed at La Scala's inauguration in 1778.[11] Tickets for the re-opening fetched up to €2,000.[12]

The renovations cost a reported €61 million and left a budget shortfall that the opera house overcame in 2006.[12]

2005 onward

 
Daniel Barenboim (at the Musikverein, Vienna, 2008)

Carlo Fontana, the general manager of La Scala since 1990, was dismissed in February 2005 by the board of governors over differences with the music director, Riccardo Muti. The resulting staff backlash caused serious disruptions and staff strikes. In a statement, the theatre's board said it was "urgent to unify the theatre's management". On 16 March 2005, the La Scala orchestra and other staff overwhelmingly approved a no-confidence motion against Muti. They demanded the resignation of Fontana's replacement, Mauro Meli. Muti had already been forced to cancel a concert a few days earlier because of the disagreements. Italy's culture minister, Giuliano Urbani, supported the conductor but called for urgent action by management to safeguard the smooth operation and prestige of La Scala. On 2 April 2005, Muti resigned from La Scala, citing "hostility" from staff members.

In May 2005, Stéphane Lissner, formerly head of the Aix-en-Provence Festival, was appointed General Manager and artistic director of La Scala, becoming the first non-Italian in its history to hold the office. On 15 May 2006, Daniel Barenboim was named Maestro Scaligero, or de facto principal guest conductor of the company. In October 2011, Barenboim was appointed the next music director of La Scala, effective December 2011, with an initial contract of 5 years.[13]

In December 2013, management named Riccardo Chailly the next music director of La Scala, effective 1 January 2015.[14]

Stéphane Lissner left La Scala for the Paris Opera. His successor Alexander Pereira [de], formerly director of the Salzburg Festival, began his tenure on 1 October 2014.[15] In June 2019 it was announced that Pereira will leave in 2020 and will be replaced by Dominique Meyer.[16]

La Scala was originally selected to host the opening ceremony of the 134th IOC Session in 2019, but the event was moved to Lausanne, Switzerland after Milan submitted a joint bid with Cortina d'Ampezzo for the 2026 Winter Olympics.[17]

Principal conductors/Music directors

Premieres

See: Category:Opera world premieres at La Scala

References

Notes

  1. ^ "La Scala"[dead link] (US) and . Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 16 May 2020.
  2. ^ "Cecilia Bartoli triumphs at La Scala amidst catcalls and boos". 4 December 2012. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  3. ^ Wakin, Daniel J. (13 December 2006). "After La Scala Boos, a Tenor Boos Back". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
  4. ^ Beauvert, Moatti & Kleinefenn 1995, p. 80.
  5. ^ Mallach 2007, p. 165.
  6. ^ Shelley 1844, p. 111.
  7. ^ Kelly 2004, p. 317.
  8. ^ a b . filarmonica.it. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  9. ^ Riding, Alan (5 December 2004). "La Scala Proudly Emerges From a Drama of Its Own". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  10. ^ "Critics say restoration has ruined La Scala". the Guardian. 10 December 2002. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  11. ^ "La Scala revamp finished early". CBC News. 5 November 2004.
  12. ^ a b "La Scala board fires top official". BBC News. 25 February 2005.
  13. ^ "Barenboim to head La Scala". Gramophone. London. 14 October 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
  14. ^ It's official: Riccardo Chailly to be La Scala's new music director, Gramophone (London). 10 December 2013.
  15. ^ "Alexander Pereira to Begin La Scala Tenure in October 2014, Year Earlier Than Originally Announced". Opera News. 19 July 2013. Retrieved 7 October 2013.
  16. ^ Brug, Manuel (22 June 2019). "Teatro alla Scala: Meyer soll Pereira in Mailand ablösen". Retrieved 31 July 2019.
  17. ^ "IOC Elects Milan as Host of the IOC Session in 2019" (Press release). International Olympic Committee. 15 September 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
  18. ^ Conati & Medici 1994, p. 42.
  19. ^ Cantelli died in an airplane crash one week after his appointment.

Sources

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Teatro alla Scala.
  • Official website
  • Accademia Teatro alla Scala official website
  • David Willey, "La Scala faces uncertain future", BBC News online, 12 November 2005
  • Zoomable image of the interior 6 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  • Virtual tour
  • Seat preview – Photo and sweep panorama overlooking the stage from every seat

March 07, 2023
scala, this, article, about, opera, house, other, uses, scala, disambiguation, ɑː, ɑː, italian, ˈskaːla, abbreviation, italian, official, name, teatro, alla, scala, teˈaːtro, alla, ˈskaːla, famous, opera, house, milan, italy, theatre, inaugurated, august, 1778. This article is about the opera house For other uses see Scala disambiguation La Scala UK l ae ˈ s k ɑː l e US l ɑː 1 Italian la ˈskaːla abbreviation in Italian of the official name Teatro alla Scala teˈaːtro alla ˈskaːla is a famous opera house in Milan Italy The theatre was inaugurated on 3 August 1778 and was originally known as the Nuovo Regio Ducale Teatro alla Scala New Royal Ducal Theatre alla Scala The premiere performance was Antonio Salieri s Europa riconosciuta La ScalaExterior of La ScalaAddressPiazza della Scala MilanItalyCoordinates45 28 03 N 09 11 21 E 45 46750 N 9 18917 E 45 46750 9 18917 Coordinates 45 28 03 N 09 11 21 E 45 46750 N 9 18917 E 45 46750 9 18917OwnerCity of MilanCapacity2 030ConstructionOpened1778ArchitectGiuseppe PiermariniWebsiteTeatro alla ScalaMost of Italy s greatest operatic artists and many of the finest singers from around the world have appeared at La Scala The theatre is regarded as one of the leading opera and ballet theatres globally It is home to the La Scala Theatre Chorus La Scala Theatre Ballet La Scala Theatre Orchestra and the Filarmonica della Scala orchestra The theatre also has an associate school known as the La Scala Theatre Academy Italian Accademia Teatro alla Scala which offers professional training in music dance stagecraft and stage management Contents 1 Overview 2 History 2 1 Filarmonica della Scala 3 Recent developments 3 1 Major renovation 2002 to 2004 3 2 2005 onward 4 Principal conductors Music directors 5 Premieres 6 References 6 1 Notes 6 2 Sources 7 External linksOverview Edit The Teatro alla Scala in Milan by night La Scala s season opens on 7 December Saint Ambrose s Day the feast day of Milan s patron saint All performances must end before midnight and long operas start earlier in the evening when necessary The Museo Teatrale alla Scala La Scala Theatre Museum accessible from the theatre s foyer and a part of the house contains a collection of paintings drafts statues costumes and other documents regarding La Scala s and opera history in general La Scala also hosts the Accademia d Arti e Mestieri dello Spettacolo Academy for the Performing Arts Its goal is to train a new generation of young musicians technical staff and dancers at the Scuola di Ballo del Teatro alla Scala one of the academy s divisions Above the boxes La Scala has a gallery called the loggione where the less wealthy can watch the performances The gallery is typically crowded with the most critical opera aficionados known as the loggionisti who can be ecstatic or merciless towards singers perceived successes or failures 2 For their failures artists receive a baptism of fire from these aficionados and fiascos are long remembered For example in 2006 tenor Roberto Alagna left the stage after being booed during a performance of Aida forcing his understudy Antonello Palombi to quickly replace him mid scene without time to change into a costume Alagna did not return to the production 3 History EditThis section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources La Scala news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message A nineteenth century depiction of the Teatro alla Scala A fire destroyed the previous theatre the Teatro Regio Ducale on 25 February 1776 after a carnival gala A group of ninety wealthy Milanese who owned private boxes in the theatre wrote to Archduke Ferdinand of Austria Este asking for a new theatre and a provisional one to be used while completing the new one The neoclassical architect Giuseppe Piermarini produced an initial design However it was rejected by Count Firmian the governor of the then Austrian Lombardy A second plan was accepted in 1776 by Empress Maria Theresa The new theatre was built on the former location of the church of Santa Maria alla Scala from which the theatre gets its name The church was deconsecrated and demolished Over a period of two years the theatre was completed by Pietro Marliani Pietro Nosetti and Antonio and Giuseppe Fe The theatre had a total of 3 000 or so seats 4 organized into 678 pit stalls arranged in six tiers of boxes above which is the loggione or two galleries Its stage is one of the largest in Italy 16 15m d x 20 4m w x 26m h Building expenses were covered by the sale of boxes which were lavishly decorated by their owners impressing observers such as Stendhal La Scala as it came to be known soon became the preeminent meeting place for noble and wealthy Milanese people In the tradition of the times the main floor had no chairs and spectators watched the shows standing up The orchestra was in full sight as the orchestra pit had not yet been built As with most of the theatres at that time La Scala was also a casino with gamblers sitting in the foyer 5 Conditions in the auditorium too could be frustrating for the opera lover as Mary Shelley discovered in September 1840 At the Opera they were giving Otto Nicolai s Templario Unfortunately as it is well known the theatre of La Scala serves not only as the universal drawing room for all the society of Milan but every sort of trading transaction from horse dealing to stock jobbing is carried on in the pit so that brief and far between are the snatches of melody one can catch 6 La Scala was originally illuminated with 84 oil lamps mounted on the stage and another thousand in the rest of the theatre To reduce the risks of fire several rooms were filled with hundreds of water buckets In time oil lamps were replaced by gas lamps these in turn were replaced by electric lights in 1883 Interior of the opera house in 1900 The original structure was renovated in 1907 when it was given its current layout with 1 987 seats In 1943 during World War II La Scala was severely damaged by bombing It was rebuilt and reopened on 11 May 1946 with a memorable concert conducted by Arturo Toscanini twice La Scala s principal conductor and an associate of the composers Giuseppe Verdi and Giacomo Puccini with a soprano solo by Renata Tebaldi which created a sensation La Scala hosted the first productions of many famous operas and had a special relationship with Verdi However for several years Verdi did not allow his work to be played here as some of his music had been modified he said corrupted by the orchestra This dispute originated in a disagreement over the production of his Giovanna d Arco in 1845 however the composer later conducted his Requiem there on 25 May 1874 He announced in 1886 that La Scala would host the premiere of what was to become his penultimate opera Otello 7 The premiere of his last opera Falstaff was also given in the theatre Filarmonica della Scala Edit In 1982 the Filarmonica della Scala orchestra was established to develop a symphonic repertoire to add to La Scala s operatic tradition 8 the orchestra drawing its members from the larger pool of musicians that comprise the Orchestra della Scala The Filarmonica was conducted first by Carlo Maria Giulini then by Riccardo Muti plus many collaborative relations with some of the greatest conductors of the time 8 Rossini s opera William Tell was premiered there and it had the selections like Overture Storm Randez Vaches and the well known March of the Swiss Soldiers the theme song of the Lone Ranger Recent developments EditMajor renovation 2002 to 2004 Edit The exterior of La Scala in 2005 after the 2002 04 renovations The theatre underwent a major renovation from early 2002 to late 2004 The theatre closed following the traditional 7 December 2001 season opening performances of Otello which ran through December From 19 January 2002 to November 2004 the opera company transferred to the new Teatro degli Arcimboldi built in the Pirelli Bicocca industrial area 4 5 miles 7 2 km from the city center The theatre s restored interior The renovation by architect Mario Botta proved controversial as preservationists feared that historic details would be lost 9 10 However the opera company was satisfied with the improvements to the structure and the sound quality which was enhanced when the heavy red carpets in the hall were removed The stage was entirely rebuilt and an enlarged backstage allows more sets to be stored permitting more productions Seats now include monitors for the electronic libretto system provided by Radio Marconi an Italian company allowing audiences to follow opera libretti in English and Italian in addition to the original language The opera house re opened on 7 December 2004 with a production conducted by Riccardo Muti of Salieri s Europa riconosciuta the opera performed at La Scala s inauguration in 1778 11 Tickets for the re opening fetched up to 2 000 12 The renovations cost a reported 61 million and left a budget shortfall that the opera house overcame in 2006 12 2005 onward Edit Daniel Barenboim at the Musikverein Vienna 2008 Carlo Fontana the general manager of La Scala since 1990 was dismissed in February 2005 by the board of governors over differences with the music director Riccardo Muti The resulting staff backlash caused serious disruptions and staff strikes In a statement the theatre s board said it was urgent to unify the theatre s management On 16 March 2005 the La Scala orchestra and other staff overwhelmingly approved a no confidence motion against Muti They demanded the resignation of Fontana s replacement Mauro Meli Muti had already been forced to cancel a concert a few days earlier because of the disagreements Italy s culture minister Giuliano Urbani supported the conductor but called for urgent action by management to safeguard the smooth operation and prestige of La Scala On 2 April 2005 Muti resigned from La Scala citing hostility from staff members In May 2005 Stephane Lissner formerly head of the Aix en Provence Festival was appointed General Manager and artistic director of La Scala becoming the first non Italian in its history to hold the office On 15 May 2006 Daniel Barenboim was named Maestro Scaligero or de facto principal guest conductor of the company In October 2011 Barenboim was appointed the next music director of La Scala effective December 2011 with an initial contract of 5 years 13 In December 2013 management named Riccardo Chailly the next music director of La Scala effective 1 January 2015 14 Stephane Lissner left La Scala for the Paris Opera His successor Alexander Pereira de formerly director of the Salzburg Festival began his tenure on 1 October 2014 15 In June 2019 it was announced that Pereira will leave in 2020 and will be replaced by Dominique Meyer 16 La Scala was originally selected to host the opening ceremony of the 134th IOC Session in 2019 but the event was moved to Lausanne Switzerland after Milan submitted a joint bid with Cortina d Ampezzo for the 2026 Winter Olympics 17 Principal conductors Music directors EditFranco Faccio 1871 1889 18 Arturo Toscanini 1898 1903 Cleofonte Campanini 1903 1905 Leopoldo Mugnone 1905 1906 Arturo Toscanini 1906 1907 Edoardo Vitale 1907 1910 Tullio Serafin 1910 1914 Gino Marinuzzi 1914 1917 Tullio Serafin 1917 1918 La Scala was closed from 1918 to 1920 Arturo Toscanini 1921 1929 Victor de Sabata 1929 1953 Carlo Maria Giulini 1953 1956 Guido Cantelli 1956 19 Antonino Votto 1956 1965 Gianandrea Gavazzeni 1965 1968 Claudio Abbado 1968 1986 Riccardo Muti 1986 2005 The position was vacant from April 2005 to December 2007 Daniel Barenboim 2007 2014 Riccardo Chailly 2015 Premieres EditSee Category Opera world premieres at La Scala1778 Europa riconosciuta by Antonio Salieri 1794 Demofoonte by Marcos Portugal 1800 Idante ovvero I sacrifici d Ecate by Marcos Portugal 1812 La pietra del paragone by Gioachino Rossini 1813 Aureliano in Palmira by Gioachino Rossini 1814 Il turco in Italia by Gioachino Rossini 1820 Margherita d Anjou by Giacomo Meyerbeer 1827 Il pirata by Vincenzo Bellini 1829 La straniera by Vincenzo Bellini 1831 Norma by Vincenzo Bellini 1833 Lucrezia Borgia by Gaetano Donizetti 1835 Maria Stuarda by Gaetano Donizetti 1839 Oberto Conte di San Bonifacio by Giuseppe Verdi 1840 Un giorno di regno by Giuseppe Verdi 1842 Nabucco by Giuseppe Verdi 1843 I Lombardi alla prima crociata by Giuseppe Verdi 1845 Giovanna d Arco by Giuseppe Verdi 1868 Mefistofele by Arrigo Boito 1870 Il Guarany by Antonio Carlos Gomes 1873 Fosca by Antonio Carlos Gomes 1876 La Gioconda by Amilcare Ponchielli 1879 Maria Tudor by Antonio Carlos Gomes 1885 Marion Delorme by Amilcare Ponchielli 1887 Otello by Giuseppe Verdi 1889 Edgar by Giacomo Puccini 1892 La Wally by Alfredo Catalani 1893 Falstaff by Giuseppe Verdi 1904 Madama Butterfly by Giacomo Puccini 1924 Nerone by Arrigo Boito 1926 Turandot by Giacomo Puccini 1957 Dialogues of the Carmelites by Francis Poulenc 1981 Donnerstag aus Licht by Karlheinz Stockhausen 1984 Samstag aus Licht by Karlheinz Stockhausen 1988 Montag aus Licht by Karlheinz Stockhausen 2007 Teneke by Fabio Vacchi 2011 Quartett by Luca FrancesconiReferences EditNotes Edit La Scala dead link US and La Scala Lexico UK English Dictionary Oxford University Press Archived from the original on 16 May 2020 Cecilia Bartoli triumphs at La Scala amidst catcalls and boos 4 December 2012 Retrieved 16 October 2021 Wakin Daniel J 13 December 2006 After La Scala Boos a Tenor Boos Back The New York Times Retrieved 31 January 2018 Beauvert Moatti amp Kleinefenn 1995 p 80 Mallach 2007 p 165 Shelley 1844 p 111 Kelly 2004 p 317 a b Filarmonica della Scala About Us History filarmonica it Archived from the original on 31 October 2020 Retrieved 27 October 2020 Riding Alan 5 December 2004 La Scala Proudly Emerges From a Drama of Its Own The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 2 May 2022 Critics say restoration has ruined La Scala the Guardian 10 December 2002 Retrieved 2 May 2022 La Scala revamp finished early CBC News 5 November 2004 a b La Scala board fires top official BBC News 25 February 2005 Barenboim to head La Scala Gramophone London 14 October 2011 Retrieved 15 October 2011 It s official Riccardo Chailly to be La Scala s new music director Gramophone London 10 December 2013 Alexander Pereira to Begin La Scala Tenure in October 2014 Year Earlier Than Originally Announced Opera News 19 July 2013 Retrieved 7 October 2013 Brug Manuel 22 June 2019 Teatro alla Scala Meyer soll Pereira in Mailand ablosen Retrieved 31 July 2019 IOC Elects Milan as Host of the IOC Session in 2019 Press release International Olympic Committee 15 September 2017 Retrieved 21 February 2019 Conati amp Medici 1994 p 42 Cantelli died in an airplane crash one week after his appointment Sources Edit Beauvert Thierry Moatti Jacques amp Kleinefenn Florian 1995 Opera Houses of the World New York The Vendome Press ISBN 978 0 86565 977 3 Conati Marcello Medici Mario eds 1994 The Verdi Boito Correspondence Translated by William Weaver Chicago University of Chicago Press ISBN 978 0 226 85304 8 Kelly Thomas Forrest 2004 First Nights at the Opera Yale University Press ISBN 978 0 300 10044 0 Mallach Alan 30 November 2007 The Autumn of Italian Opera From Verismo to Modernism 1890 1915 Lebanon NH University Press of New England ISBN 978 1 55553 683 1 Shelley Mary 1844 Rambles in Germany and Italy in 1840 1842 and 1843 Vol I London Edward Moxon p 111 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Teatro alla Scala Official website Accademia Teatro alla Scala official website David Willey La Scala faces uncertain future BBC News online 12 November 2005 Zoomable image of the interior Archived 6 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine Toscanini s reforms at La Scala Virtual tour Seat preview Photo and sweep panorama overlooking the stage from every seat Portal Opera Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title La Scala amp oldid 1141898148, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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