George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland

"George Eden" redirects here. For other uses, see George Eden (disambiguation).

George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland, GCB, PC (25 August 1784 – 1 January 1849) was an English Whig politician and colonial administrator. He was thrice First Lord of the Admiralty and also served as Governor-General of India between 1836 and 1842. The province of Auckland, which includes the present regions of Northland, Auckland, Waikato, Bay of Plenty and Gisborne along with the city of Auckland, in New Zealand, was named after him.

The Right Honourable The Earl of Auckland GCB PC
Governor-General of India
In office 4 March 1836 – 28 February 1842
Monarchs	William IV Victoria
Preceded by	Sir Charles Metcalfe (acting)
Succeeded by	The Lord Ellenborough
President of the Board of Trade
In office 22 November 1830 – 5 June 1834
Prime Minister	The Earl Grey
Preceded by	John Charles Herries
Succeeded by	Charles Poulett Thomson
Personal details
Born	25 August 1784 (1784-08-25) Beckenham, Kent, England
Died	1 January 1849 (1849-02) (aged 64) Hampshire, England
Political party	Whig
Parent(s)	William Eden, 1st Baron Auckland, Eleanor Elliot
Alma mater	Christ Church, Oxford
Profession	Lawyer, Politician

Lord Auckland signed the Tripartite Treaty in June 1838 with Maharaja Ranjit Singh of the Sikh Empire and Shah Shuja of Afghanistan.

Background and education

Born in Beckenham, Kent, Auckland was the second son of William Eden, 1st Baron Auckland, and Eleanor, daughter of Sir Gilbert Elliot, 3rd Baronet. His sister was the traveller and author Emily Eden, who accompanied her brother to India and wrote about her experiences there. He was educated at Eton, and Christ Church, Oxford, and was called to the Bar, Lincoln's Inn, in 1809. He became heir apparent to the barony after his elder brother William Eden drowned in the Thames in 1810.^{[citation needed]}

Political career, 1810–1836

Auckland was returned to Parliament for Woodstock in 1810 (succeeding his elder brother, William), a seat he held until 1812, and again between 1813 and 1814. The latter year he succeeded his father in the barony and took his seat in the House of Lords, supporting the reform party. In 1830 he became President of the Board of Trade and Master of the Mint under Lord Grey, and serving as one of the deputy Speakers of the House of Lords.

He was First Lord of the Admiralty under Grey and then Lord Melbourne in 1834 and again under Melbourne in 1835. He gave a commission to William Hobson to sail for the East Indies, which Hobson ultimately rewarded in the naming of his newly created city of Auckland, New Zealand in 1840.^[1] Mount Eden in Auckland, the town of Eden, New South Wales and Auckland County, New South Wales were also named after him.

Governor-General of India, 1836–1842

In 1836 Lord Auckland was appointed of Governor-General of India. His private secretary was John Russell Colvin, who rose to be lieutenant-governor of the North-West Provinces and named his son Auckland Colvin after him. As a legislator, he dedicated himself especially to the improvement of native schools and the expansion of the commercial industry of India.

But complications in Afghanistan interrupted this work in 1838. Lord Auckland decided on war, and on 1 October 1838 in Simla published the Simla Manifesto, dethroning Dost Mahommed Khan. After successful early operations he was created Baron Eden, of Norwood in the County of Surrey, and Earl of Auckland. However the Afghan campaign ultimately ended in disaster. He handed over the governor-generalship to Lord Ellenborough and returned to England the following year.

Political career, 1842–1849

In 1846 he again became First Lord of the Admiralty, this time under Lord John Russell. In the words of a modern historian: "[M]inisterial talent in the House of Lords was not so plentiful as to disqualify the author of one of the worst disasters in British military history".^[2] He held this office until his death three years later.

Personal life and character

Lord Auckland died on New Year's Day 1849, following what was described as a fit.^[3] He was aged 64. Lord Auckland was unmarried and on his death the earldom became extinct, while he was succeeded in the barony by his younger brother, Robert.^{[citation needed]}

In a recently published (2013) history Lord Auckland is described as "a clever and capable but somewhat complacent and detached Whig nobleman". In appearance he was slim and younger looking than his years. As a respected First Lord of the Admiralty Lord Auckland depended heavily on competent staff but his indecisive personality and indifference to Indian history and culture led to disastrous decisions being made during his term as Governor-General there.^[4]

References

1. Simpson, K. A. "Hobson, William". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
2. Mount, Ferdinand (7 June 2016). The Tears of the Rajas: Mutiny, Money and Marriage in India, 1805-1905. Simon & Schuster UK. p. 389. ISBN 978-1-4711-2946-9.
3. letter from his Admiralty assistant John Dunds
4. Dalrymple, William (January 2014). Return of a King. Bloomsbury. p. 109. ISBN 978-1-4088-3159-5.

• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Auckland, George Eden" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 893.

Further reading

• "Eden, George". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8451. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

External links

• "Archival material relating to George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland". UK National Archives.  

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Sir Henry Dashwood, Bt William Eden	Member of Parliament for Woodstock 1810–1812 With: Sir Henry Dashwood, Bt	Succeeded by Sir Henry Dashwood, Bt William Thornton
Preceded by Sir Henry Dashwood, Bt William Thornton	Member of Parliament for Woodstock 1813–1814 With: Sir Henry Dashwood, Bt	Succeeded by Sir Henry Dashwood, Bt William Thornton
Political offices
Preceded by John Charles Herries	President of the Board of Trade 1830–1834	Succeeded by Charles Poulett Thomson
Preceded by John Charles Herries	Master of the Mint 1830–1834	Succeeded by James Abercromby
Preceded by The Lord Grenville	Auditor of the Exchequer 1834	Office abolished
Preceded by Sir James Graham, Bt	First Lord of the Admiralty 1834	Succeeded by The Earl de Grey
Preceded by The Earl de Grey	First Lord of the Admiralty 1835	Succeeded by The Earl of Minto
Preceded by The Earl of Haddington	First Lord of the Admiralty 1846–1849	Succeeded by Sir Francis Baring, Bt
Government offices
Preceded by Sir Charles Metcalfe, Bt (acting)	Governor-General of India 1836–1842	Succeeded by The Lord Ellenborough
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation	Earl of Auckland 1839–1849	Extinct
Peerage of Ireland
Preceded by William Eden	Baron Auckland 1814–1849	Succeeded by Robert John Eden
Peerage of Great Britain
Preceded by William Eden	Baron Auckland 1814–1849	Succeeded by Robert John Eden