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First Lord of the Admiralty

The First Lord of the Admiralty,[1] or formally the Office of the First Lord of the Admiralty,[2] was the political head of the English and later British Royal Navy. He was the government's senior adviser on all naval affairs, responsible for the direction and control of the Admiralty, and also of general administration of the Naval Service of the Kingdom of England, Great Britain in the 18th century, and then the United Kingdom, including the Royal Navy, the Royal Marines, and other services. It was one of the earliest known permanent government posts. Apart from being the political head of the Naval Service the post holder was simultaneously the pre-eminent member of the Board of Admiralty. The office of First Lord of the Admiralty existed from 1628 until it was abolished when the Admiralty, Air Ministry, Ministry of Defence and War Office were all merged to form the new Ministry of Defence in 1964. Its modern-day equivalent is the Secretary of State for Defence.

First Lord of the Admiralty
Department of the Admiralty
StatusAbolished
Member ofBoard of Admiralty
Cabinet
Reports toPrime Minister
NominatorPrime Minister
AppointerPrime Minister
Subject to formal approval by the King-in-Council
Term lengthNot fixed
typically 3–7 years
Formation1628
First holderRichard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland
Final holderGeorge Jellicoe, 2nd Earl Jellicoe
Abolished1964
Superseded bySecretary of State for Defence

History edit

In 1628, during the reign of Charles I, George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, Lord High Admiral of England, was assassinated and the office was placed in commission, under the control of a Board of Commissioners.

The first such First Lord of the Admiralty was Richard Weston, 1st Earl of Portland, who was appointed in 1628. The First Lord was not always a permanent member of the board until the Admiralty Department was established as an official government department in 1709[3] with the First Lord as its head; it replaced the earlier Office of the Admiralty and Marine Affairs.[4] During most of the 17th century and the early 18th century, it was not invariable for the Admiralty to be in commission, so there are gaps in the list of First Lords, and a small number of First Lords were for a time Lord High Admiral.

After the Revolution, in 1690, a declaratory Act was passed, during the reign of William and Mary. Parliament passed the Admiralty Act, vesting in the Commissioners the powers formerly held by the Lord High Admiral of England.[5] and at this point became a permanent Cabinet position.

The Admiralty Commission was dissolved in 1701, but was reconstituted in 1709 on the death of Prince George of Denmark,[3] who had been appointed Lord High Admiral. The office has been held in commission from that time onwards, however, except for a short period (1827–28) when the Duke of Clarence was Lord High Admiral. The Board of the Admiralty comprised a number of "Lords Commissioners" headed by a First Lord.[5]

From the early 1800s the post was always held by a civilian[6] (previously flag officers of the Royal Navy also held the post). In 1832 First Lord Sir James Graham instituted reforms and amalgamated the Board of Admiralty and the Navy Board. By the provisions of the Admiralty Act of 1832, two Lords in committee could legalise any action of the Board.[7]

In 1868 Prime Minister, William Gladstone appointed Hugh Childers First Lord, who would introduce a new system at the Admiralty. However these changes restricted communication between the board members who were affected by these new regulations, and the sittings of the Board were discontinued altogether. This situation described was further exacerbated by the disaster of HMS Captain in 1870, a poorly-designed new vessel for the navy.

The responsibility and powers of the First Lord of the Admiralty were laid down by an Order in Council dated 14 January 1869,[8] and a later Order (19 March 1872) made the First Lord responsible to the Sovereign and to Parliament for all the business of the Admiralty. However, by describing the Lords of the Admiralty as the "assistants" of the First Lord,[9] and by specifically defining their duties, this had, in fact, partially disabled the collective power of the Board.

In 1931, for the first time since 1709, the First Lord was not a member of the cabinet.[10]

In 1946, the three posts of Secretary of State for War, First Lord of the Admiralty, and Secretary of State for Air became formally subordinated to that of Minister of Defence, which had itself been created in 1940 for the co-ordination of defence and security issues.

In 1964, the office of First Lord of the Admiralty was abolished, the last holder being the second Earl Jellicoe, whose father, Admiral of the Fleet the first Earl Jellicoe, had served as First Sea Lord nearly 50 years earlier. The functions of the Lords Commissioners were then transferred to an Admiralty Board, which forms part of the tri-service Defence Council of the United Kingdom.

Principal political leaders of the English/British Armed Forces:
Royal Navy British Army Royal Air Force Co-ordination
1628 First Lord of the Admiralty
(1628–1964)
1794 Secretary of State for War
(1794–1801)
1801 Secretary of State for War and the Colonies
(1801–1854)
1854 Secretary of State for War
(1854–1964)
1919 Secretary of State for Air
(1919–1964)
1936 Minister for Co-ordination of Defence
(1936–1940)
1940 Minister of Defence (1940–1964)
1964 Secretary of State for Defence (1964–present)


List of First Lords of the Admiralty edit

First Lords of the Admiralty of England (1628–1701) edit

First Lord of the Admiralty Term of office
  Richard Weston
1st Earl of Portland
[Note 1][11]
1628 1635
  Robert Bertie
1st Earl of Lindsey
[12]
1635 1636
  William Juxon
Bishop of London
(1582–1663)
[13]
1636 1638
  Algernon Percy
10th Earl of Northumberland
[Note 2][13]
1642 1643
  Francis Cottington
1st Baron Cottington
[13]
1643 1646
  Prince Rupert of the Rhine[14] 1673 1679
  Sir Henry Capell
MP for Tewkesbury[15]
1679 1681
  Daniel Finch
2nd Earl of Nottingham
[16]
1681 1684
  Arthur Herbert
1st Earl of Torrington
[Note 3][17]
1689 1690
  Thomas Herbert
8th Earl of Pembroke
[18]
1690 1692
  Charles Cornwallis
3rd Baron Cornwallis
[19]
1692 1693
  Anthony Cary
5th Viscount Falkland
[20]
1693 1694
  Edward Russell
1st Earl of Orford
[21]
1694 1699
  John Egerton
3rd Earl of Bridgewater
[22]
1699 1701
  Thomas Herbert
8th Earl of Pembroke
[23]
1701 1702

Senior Members of the Lord High Admiral's Council (1702–1709) edit

Senior Member Term of office
  Sir George Rooke[24] 1702 1705
  Sir David Mitchell[24] 1705 1708
  David Wemyss
4th Earl of Wemyss
[24]
1708 1709

First Lords of the Admiralty of Great Britain (1709–1801) edit

First Lord of the Admiralty Term of office Ministry Monarch
  Edward Russell
1st Earl of Orford
[25]
1709 1710 Godolphin–Marlborough
(ToryWhig)
Anne
 
  Admiral of the Fleet
John Leake

MP for Rochester[26]
1710 1712 Oxford–Bolingbroke
  Thomas Wentworth
1st Earl of Strafford
[27]
1712 1714
George I
 
  Edward Russell
1st Earl of Orford
[28]
1714 1716 Townshend
  James Berkeley
3rd Earl of Berkeley
[29]
1717 1727 Stanhope–Sunderland I
Stanhope–Sunderland II
Walpole–Townshend
George II
 
  George Byng
1st Viscount Torrington
[30]
1727 1733
Walpole
  Charles Wager
MP for Westminster[Note 4][31]
1733 1741
  Daniel Finch
8th Earl of Winchilsea
[32]
1741 1744
Carteret
  John Russell
4th Duke of Bedford
[33]
1744 1748 Broad Bottom
(I & II)
  John Montagu
4th Earl of Sandwich
[34]
1748 1751
  George Anson
1st Baron Anson
[35]
1751 1756
Newcastle I
  Richard Grenville-Temple
2nd Earl Temple
[36]
1756 1757 Pitt–Devonshire
  Daniel Finch
8th Earl of Winchilsea
[32]
1757 1757 1757 Caretaker
  George Anson
1st Baron Anson
[37]
1757 1762 Pitt–Newcastle
George III
 
  George Montague-Dunk
2nd Earl of Halifax
[38]
1762 1762 Bute
(ToryWhig)
  George Grenville
MP for Buckingham[39]
1762 1763
  John Montagu
4th Earl of Sandwich
[39]
1763 1763 Grenville
  John Perceval
2nd Earl of Egmont
[39]
1763 1766
Rockingham I
Chatham
(WhigTory)
  Charles Saunders
MP for Hedon[40]
1766 1766
  Edward Hawke
MP for Portsmouth[41]
1766 1771
Grafton
North
  John Montagu
4th Earl of Sandwich
[42]
1771 1782
  Augustus Keppel
1st Viscount Keppel
[43]
1782 1783 Rockingham II
Shelburne
(WhigTory)
  Richard Howe
5th Viscount Howe
[44]
1783 1783
  Augustus Keppel
1st Viscount Keppel
[45]
1783 1783 Fox–North
  Richard Howe
5th Viscount Howe
[46]
1783 1788 Pitt I
  John Pitt
2nd Earl of Chatham
[47]
1788 1794
  George Spencer
2nd Earl Spencer
[48]
1794 1801

First Lords of the Admiralty of the United Kingdom (1801–1964) edit

First Lord of the Admiralty Term of office Party Ministry Monarch
(Reign)
  John Jervis
1st Earl of St Vincent
1801 1804 Whig Pitt I George III
 
Addington
  Henry Dundas
1st Viscount Melville
1804 1805 Tory Pitt II
  Charles Middleton
1st Baron Barham
1805 1806 Tory
  Charles Grey
Viscount Howick

MP for Northumberland
1806 1806 Whig All the Talents
(WhigTory)
  Thomas Grenville
MP for Buckingham
1806 1807 Whig
  Henry Phipps
3rd Baron Mulgrave
1807 1810 Tory Portland II
Perceval
  Charles Philip Yorke
MP for St Germans
1810 1812 Tory
  Robert Dundas
2nd Viscount Melville
1812 1827 Tory Liverpool
George IV
 
  Prince William Henry
Duke of Clarence

Lord High Admiral[Note 5]
1827 1828 Canning
(CanningiteWhig)
Goderich
  Robert Dundas
2nd Viscount Melville
1828 1830 Tory Wellington–Peel
William IV
 
  James Graham
MP for East Cumberland[Note 6]
1830 1834 Whig Grey
  George Eden
2nd Baron Auckland
1834 1834 Whig
Melbourne I
Wellington Caretaker
  Thomas Robinson
2nd Earl de Grey
1834 1835 Conservative Peel I
  George Eden
2nd Baron Auckland
1835 1835 Whig Melbourne II
  Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound
2nd Earl of Minto
1835 1841 Whig
Victoria
 
  Thomas Hamilton
9th Earl of Haddington
1841 1846 Conservative Peel II
  Edward Law
1st Earl of Ellenborough
1846 1846 Conservative
  George Eden
1st Earl of Auckland
1846 1849 Whig Russell I
  Francis Baring
MP for Portsmouth
1849 1852 Whig
  Algernon Percy
4th Duke of Northumberland
1852 1852 Conservative Who? Who?
  James Graham
MP for Carlisle
1852 1855 Peelite Aberdeen
(PeeliteWhig)
Palmerston I
  Charles Wood
Bt GCB

MP for Halifax
1855 1858 Whig
  John Pakington
MP for Droitwich
1858 1859 Conservative Derby–Disraeli II
  His Grace
Edward Seymour
12th Duke of Somerset
1859 1866 Liberal Palmerston II
Russell II
  John Pakington
MP for Droitwich
1866 1867 Conservative Derby–Disraeli III
  Henry Lowry-Corry
MP for Tyrone
1867 1868 Conservative
  Hugh Childers
MP for Pontefract
1868 1871 Liberal Gladstone I
  George Goschen
MP for City of London
1871 1874 Liberal
  George Ward Hunt
MP for Northamptonshire North
1874 1877 Conservative Disraeli II
  William Henry Smith
MP for Westminster
1877 1880 Conservative
  Thomas Baring
1st Earl of Northbrook
1880 1885 Liberal Gladstone II
  Lord George Hamilton
MP for Ealing
1885 1886 Conservative Salisbury I
  George Robinson
1st Marquess of Ripon
1886 1886 Liberal Gladstone III
  Lord George Hamilton
MP for Ealing
1886 1892 Conservative Salisbury II
  John Spencer
5th Earl Spencer
1892 1895 Liberal Gladstone IV
Rosebery
  George Goschen
MP for St George Hanover Square
1895 1900 Conservative Salisbury
(III & IV)

(Con.Lib.U.)
  William Palmer
2nd Earl of Selborne
1900 1905 Liberal Unionist
Edward VII
 
Balfour
  Frederick Campbell
3rd Earl Cawdor
1905 1905 Conservative
  Edward Marjoribanks
2nd Lord Tweedmouth
1905 1908 Liberal Campbell-Bannerman
  Reginald McKenna
MP for North Monmouthshire
1908 1911 Liberal Asquith
(I–III)
George V
 
  Winston Churchill
MP for Dundee
1911 1915 Liberal
  Arthur Balfour
MP for City of London
1915 1916 Conservative Asquith Coalition
(Lib.Con.–et al.)
  Edward Carson
MP for Dublin University
1916 1917 Conservative Lloyd George
(I & II)
  Eric Geddes
MP for Cambridge
1917 1919 Conservative
  Walter Long
MP for Westminster St George's
1919 1921 Conservative
  Arthur Lee
1st Baron Lee of Fareham
1921 1922 Conservative
  Leo Amery
MP for Birmingham Sparkbrook
1922 1924 Conservative Law
Baldwin I
  Frederic Thesiger
1st Viscount Chelmsford
1924 1924 Independent MacDonald I
  William Clive Bridgeman[Note 7] 1924 1929 Conservative Baldwin II
  A. V. Alexander
MP for Sheffield Hillsborough
1929 1931 Labour
(Co-op)
MacDonald II
  Austen Chamberlain
MP for Birmingham West
1931 1931 Conservative National I
(N.Lab.Con.–et al.)
  Bolton Eyres-Monsell
1st Viscount Monsell
[Note 8]
1931 1936 Conservative National II
National III
(Con.N.Lab.–et al.)
Edward VIII
 
  Samuel Hoare
MP for Chelsea
1936 1937 Conservative
George VI
 
  Duff Cooper
MP for Westminster St George's
1937 1938 Conservative National IV
  James Stanhope
7th Earl Stanhope
1938 1939 Conservative
  Winston Churchill
MP for Epping
1939 1940 Conservative Chamberlain War
  A. V. Alexander
MP for Sheffield Hillsborough
1940 1945 Labour
(Co-op)
Churchill War
(All parties)
  Brendan Bracken
MP for Paddington North
1945 1945 Conservative Churchill Caretaker
(Con.N.Lib.)
  A. V. Alexander
MP for Sheffield Hillsborough
1945 1946 Labour
(Co-op)
Attlee
(I & II)
  George Hall
1st Viscount Hall
1946 1951 Labour
  Frank Pakenham
1st Baron Pakenham
1951 1951 Labour
  James Thomas
1st Viscount Cilcennin
[Note 9]
1951 1956 Conservative Churchill III
Elizabeth II
 
Eden
  Quintin Hogg
2nd Viscount Hailsham
1956 1957 Conservative
  George Douglas-Hamilton
10th Earl of Selkirk
1957 1959 Conservative Macmillan
(I & II)
  Peter Carington
6th Baron Carrington
1959 1963 Conservative
  George Jellicoe
2nd Earl Jellicoe
1963 1964 Conservative Douglas-Home

From 1 April 1964 Elizabeth II assumed the title of Lord High Admiral. Ministerial responsibility for the Royal Navy was transferred to the newly created Secretary of State for Defence.[49]

Notes:

  1. ^ Baron Weston from 1628, created Earl of Portland in 1633.
  2. ^ Lord High Admiral 1638–1642.
  3. ^ Lord High Admiral 1689.
  4. ^ MP for Portsmouth until 1734; MP for Westminster from 1734.
  5. ^ As Lord High Admiral .
  6. ^ MP for Cumberland until 1832; MP for East Cumberland from 1832
  7. ^ MP for Oswestry
  8. ^ MP for Evesham until 1935; thereafter created Viscount Monsell.
  9. ^ MP for Hereford until 1955; thereafter created Viscount Cilcennin.

Boards, departments and offices under the First Lord edit

Fictional First Lords edit

 
W. H. Smith portrayed in a Punch cartoon from 13 October 1877 when First Lord, saying: "I think I'll now go below." In Pinafore, Sir Joseph Porter similarly sings: "When the breezes blow / I generally go below".

The "Radical" First Lord, and a major character, in Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera H.M.S. Pinafore (1878), is Sir Joseph Henry Porter, KCB. W. S. Gilbert wrote to Arthur Sullivan he did not intend to portray the real-life then First Lord, the bookseller and newsagent W. H. Smith, a Conservative,[50] although some of the public, including Prime Minister Disraeli (who later referred to Smith as "Pinafore Smith"), identified Porter with him.[51] The counterparts shared a known lack of naval background. It has been suggested the character was drawn on Smith's actual "Radical" predecessor of 1868–71, Hugh Childers.[52]

References edit

  1. ^ Eberle, Sir James (2007). Wider horizons: naval policy & international affairs. Roundtuit Publishing. p. 1. ISBN 9781904499176.
  2. ^ Pryde, E. B. (23 February 1996). Handbook of British Chronology. Cambridge University Press. p. 135. ISBN 9780521563505.
  3. ^ a b Blake, Nicholas; Lawrence, Richard (2005). The Illustrated Companion to Nelson's Navy. Stackpole Books. p. 8. ISBN 9780811732758.
  4. ^ Knighton, C. S.; Loades, David; Loades, Professor of History David (29 April 2016). Elizabethan Naval Administration. Routledge. p. 8. ISBN 9781317145035.
  5. ^ a b Hamilton, Admiral Sir. Richard. Vesey, G.C.B. (1896). Naval Administration: The Constitution, Character, and Functions of the Board of Admiralty, and of the Civil Departments it Directs. George Bell and Sons, London.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  6. ^ Constable, Archibald (1861). The Edinburgh Review, Or Critical Journal: ... To Be Continued Quarterly. Austrian National Library, 4 November 2013. p. 291.
  7. ^ (eISB), electronic Irish Statute Book. "electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB), Admiralty Act, 1832". irishstatutebook.ie. Government of Ireland, 2017. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
  8. ^ Hamilton, C. I. (2011). The making of the modern admiralty : British naval policy-making 1805–1927. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 153. ISBN 9780521765183.
  9. ^ Marder, Arthur (19 June 2014). From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow: Volume II: To The Eve of Jutland 1914–1916. Seaforth Publishing. p. 268. ISBN 9781848321632.
  10. ^ Cannon, John; Crowcroft, Robert (2015). The Oxford Companion to British History. Oxford University Press. p. 5. ISBN 9780199677832.
  11. ^ Lee, Sidney, ed. (1899). "Weston, Richard (1577-1635)" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 60. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 364.
  12. ^ "Bertie, Robert" . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
  13. ^ a b c Thomas Mason, Serving God and Mammon: William Juxon, 1582–1663 (ISBN 0-87413-251-7)
  14. ^ Rodger, N. A. M. (2004). The Command of the Ocean. London: Allen Lane. p. 629. ISBN 0-713-99411-8.
  15. ^ N.Y.), Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York; Baetjer, Katharine (2009). British Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1575–1875. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 19. ISBN 9781588393487.
  16. ^ Phillips, G. (29 November 2012). Rutland. Cambridge University Press. p. 132. ISBN 9781107696419.
  17. ^ Stewart, William (28 September 2009). Admirals of the World: A Biographical Dictionary, 1500 to the Present. McFarland. p. 163. ISBN 9780786482887.
  18. ^ Cannon, John; Crowcroft, Robert (2015). The Oxford Companion to British History. Oxford University Press. p. 714. ISBN 9780199677832.
  19. ^ Murray, J. (1859). Correspondence of Charles, First Marquis Cornwallis. J. Murray. p. 2.
  20. ^ Fieldgate, Barrie (2007). The Captain's Steward: Falklands, 1982. Melrose Press. p. 305. ISBN 9781905226467.
  21. ^ Aldridge, David Denis (2009). Admiral Sir John Norris and the British Naval Expeditions to the Baltic Sea 1715–1727. Nordic Academic Press. p. 286. ISBN 9789185509317.
  22. ^ Macaulay, Thomas Babington (1915). The History of England: From the Accession of James the Second, Volume 6. Macmillan. p. 3018.
  23. ^ Office-Holders in Modern Britain: Volume 4, Admiralty Officials 1660–1870
  24. ^ a b c Rodger, N. A. M. (2004). The Command of the Ocean. London: Allen Lane. p. 630. ISBN 0-713-99411-8.
  25. ^ Childs, John (1991). The Nine Years' War and the British Army, 1688–1697: The Operations in the Low Countries. Manchester University Press. p. 353. ISBN 9780719034619.
  26. ^ Winfield, Rif (10 March 2010). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1603–1714: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth Publishing. p. 23. ISBN 9781783469246.
  27. ^ Holmes, Geoffrey (1987). British Politics in the Age of Anne. A&C Black. p. 541. ISBN 9780907628736.
  28. ^ Aldridge, David Denis (2009). Admiral Sir John Norris and the British Naval Expeditions to the Baltic Sea 1715–1727. Nordic Academic Press. p. 286. ISBN 9789185509317.
  29. ^ Stewart, William (28 September 2009). Admirals of the World: A Biographical Dictionary, 1500 to the Present. McFarland. p. 28. ISBN 9780786438099.
  30. ^ Howard, Joseph J.; Crisp, Frederick A. (1 September 1997). Visitation of England and Wales Notes: Volume 6 1906. Heritage Books. p. 172. ISBN 9780788407031.
  31. ^ Cunningham, George Godfrey (1853). A History of England in the Lives of Englishmen. A. Fullarton. p. 169. Sir Charles Wager First Lord of the Admiralty.
  32. ^ a b Sainty, J. C. "'Alphabetical list of officials: K-Z', in Office-Holders in Modern Britain: Volume 4, Admiralty Officials 1660–1870". british-history.ac.uk. Originally published by University of London, London, 1975, pp. 135–159. Retrieved 9 March 2017.
  33. ^ Newman, Gerald; Brown, Leslie Ellen (1997). Britain in the Hanoverian Age, 1714–1837: An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis. p. 619. ISBN 9780815303961.
  34. ^ Woodward, Bernard Bolingbroke; Cates, William Leist Readwin (1872). Encyclopedia of Chronology: Historical and Biographical. Longmans, Green and Company. p. 1246. John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich First Lord of the Admiralty 1748.
  35. ^ Stewart, William (28 September 2009). Admirals of the World: A Biographical Dictionary, 1500 to the Present. McFarland. p. 9. ISBN 9780786482887.
  36. ^ Winfield, Rif (12 December 2007). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1714–1792: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth Publishing. p. viii Introduction. ISBN 9781783469253.
  37. ^ Watson, John Steven (1960). The Reign of George III, 1760–1815. Clarendon Press. p. 613. ISBN 9780198217138.
  38. ^ Kane, Joseph Nathan; Aiken, Charles Curry (2005). The American Counties: Origins of County Names, Dates of Creation, and Population Data, 1950–2000. Scarecrow Press. p. 123. ISBN 9780810850361. George Montague-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax First Lord of the Admiralty 1757.
  39. ^ a b c Chatham.), William Pitt (1st earl of (1838). Correspondence, ed. by [W.S. Taylor and J.H. Pringle] the executors of his son John, earl of Chatham. Oxford University. p. xxi Introduction.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  40. ^ Beatson, Robert (1788). A Political Index to the Histories of Great Britain and Ireland: Or, A Complete Register of the Hereditary Honours, Public Offices, and Persons in Office, from the Earliest Periods to the Present Time. G. G. J. & J. Robinson. p. 320. Sir Charles Saunders First Lord of the Admiralty 1757.
  41. ^ Watson, John Steven (1960). The Reign of George III, 1760–1815. Clarendon Press. p. 623. ISBN 9780198217138.
  42. ^ Laurens, Henry (1980). The papers of Henry Laurens. Univ of South Carolina Press. p. 56. ISBN 9780872493858.
  43. ^ Bandhauer, Andrea; Veber, Maria (2009). Migration and Cultural Contact: Germany and Australia. Sydney University Press. p. 214. ISBN 9781920898632.
  44. ^ Haydn, Joseph (1851). The Book of Dignities: Containing Lists of the Official Personages of the British Empire ... from the Earliest Periods to the Present Time ... Together with the Sovereigns and Rulers of Europe, from the Foundation of Their Respective States; the Peerage of England and Great Britain ... Longmans, Brown, Green and Longmans. p. 286. Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe First Lord of the Admiralty.
  45. ^ Bolton, Carol (3 June 2016). Letters from England: By Don Manuel Alvarez Espriella. Routledge. p. 508. ISBN 9781317242918.
  46. ^ Haydn, Joseph Timothy; Beatson, Robert (1851). Beatson's Political index modernised. The book of dignities; containing rolls of the official personages of the British empire, together with the sovereigns of Europe, the peerage of England and of Great Britain; and numerous other lists. Oxford University. p. 286.
  47. ^ Nichols, John (1835). The Gentleman's Magazine. E. Cave. p. 546. John Pitt, 2nd Earl of Chatham First Lord of the Admiralty 1783.
  48. ^ Hawkins, Anne (17 June 2016). Letters of Seamen in the Wars with France, 1793–1815. Boydell & Brewer. p. 482. ISBN 9781843838968.
  49. ^ "No. 43288". The London Gazette. 3 April 1964. p. 2895.
  50. ^ Jacobs, Arthur (1986). Arthur Sullivan – A Victorian Musician. Oxford University Press. p. 114. ISBN 0-19-282033-8.
  51. ^ Arthur Sullivan, A Victorian Musician. p. 115.
  52. ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Volume 11. Oxford University Press. 2004. p. 445. Article on Childers by William Carr, rev H. C. G. Matthew.

Attribution edit

  • This article contains some text from: Vesey, Richard Sir, Admiral, (1896), Naval Administration: The Constitution, Character, and Functions of the Board of Admiralty, and of the Civil Departments it Directs, George Bell and Sons, London.

Sources edit

  • Bell, Christopher M. "Sir John Fisher's Naval Revolution Reconsidered: Winston Churchill at the Admiralty, 1911–1914." War in History 18.3 (2011): 333–356. online[dead link]
  • Hamilton, C. I. (2011). The Making of the Modern Admiralty: British Naval Policy-Making, 1805–1927. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521765183.
  • Rodger, N. A. M., The Admiralty (Lavenham, 1979)
  • Sainty, J. C. Admiralty Officials, 1660–1870 (London, 1975)

first, lord, admiralty, confused, with, first, lord, lord, high, admiral, formally, office, political, head, english, later, british, royal, navy, government, senior, adviser, naval, affairs, responsible, direction, control, admiralty, also, general, administr. Not to be confused with First Sea Lord or Lord High Admiral The First Lord of the Admiralty 1 or formally the Office of the First Lord of the Admiralty 2 was the political head of the English and later British Royal Navy He was the government s senior adviser on all naval affairs responsible for the direction and control of the Admiralty and also of general administration of the Naval Service of the Kingdom of England Great Britain in the 18th century and then the United Kingdom including the Royal Navy the Royal Marines and other services It was one of the earliest known permanent government posts Apart from being the political head of the Naval Service the post holder was simultaneously the pre eminent member of the Board of Admiralty The office of First Lord of the Admiralty existed from 1628 until it was abolished when the Admiralty Air Ministry Ministry of Defence and War Office were all merged to form the new Ministry of Defence in 1964 Its modern day equivalent is the Secretary of State for Defence First Lord of the AdmiraltyRoyal Arms of HM GovernmentDepartment of the AdmiraltyStatusAbolishedMember ofBoard of AdmiraltyCabinetReports toPrime MinisterNominatorPrime MinisterAppointerPrime MinisterSubject to formal approval by the King in CouncilTerm lengthNot fixedtypically 3 7 yearsFormation1628First holderRichard Weston 1st Earl of PortlandFinal holderGeorge Jellicoe 2nd Earl JellicoeAbolished1964Superseded bySecretary of State for Defence Contents 1 History 2 List of First Lords of the Admiralty 2 1 First Lords of the Admiralty of England 1628 1701 2 2 Senior Members of the Lord High Admiral s Council 1702 1709 2 3 First Lords of the Admiralty of Great Britain 1709 1801 2 4 First Lords of the Admiralty of the United Kingdom 1801 1964 3 Boards departments and offices under the First Lord 4 Fictional First Lords 5 References 5 1 Attribution 6 SourcesHistory editIn 1628 during the reign of Charles I George Villiers 1st Duke of Buckingham Lord High Admiral of England was assassinated and the office was placed in commission under the control of a Board of Commissioners The first such First Lord of the Admiralty was Richard Weston 1st Earl of Portland who was appointed in 1628 The First Lord was not always a permanent member of the board until the Admiralty Department was established as an official government department in 1709 3 with the First Lord as its head it replaced the earlier Office of the Admiralty and Marine Affairs 4 During most of the 17th century and the early 18th century it was not invariable for the Admiralty to be in commission so there are gaps in the list of First Lords and a small number of First Lords were for a time Lord High Admiral After the Revolution in 1690 a declaratory Act was passed during the reign of William and Mary Parliament passed the Admiralty Act vesting in the Commissioners the powers formerly held by the Lord High Admiral of England 5 and at this point became a permanent Cabinet position The Admiralty Commission was dissolved in 1701 but was reconstituted in 1709 on the death of Prince George of Denmark 3 who had been appointed Lord High Admiral The office has been held in commission from that time onwards however except for a short period 1827 28 when the Duke of Clarence was Lord High Admiral The Board of the Admiralty comprised a number of Lords Commissioners headed by a First Lord 5 From the early 1800s the post was always held by a civilian 6 previously flag officers of the Royal Navy also held the post In 1832 First Lord Sir James Graham instituted reforms and amalgamated the Board of Admiralty and the Navy Board By the provisions of the Admiralty Act of 1832 two Lords in committee could legalise any action of the Board 7 In 1868 Prime Minister William Gladstone appointed Hugh Childers First Lord who would introduce a new system at the Admiralty However these changes restricted communication between the board members who were affected by these new regulations and the sittings of the Board were discontinued altogether This situation described was further exacerbated by the disaster of HMS Captain in 1870 a poorly designed new vessel for the navy The responsibility and powers of the First Lord of the Admiralty were laid down by an Order in Council dated 14 January 1869 8 and a later Order 19 March 1872 made the First Lord responsible to the Sovereign and to Parliament for all the business of the Admiralty However by describing the Lords of the Admiralty as the assistants of the First Lord 9 and by specifically defining their duties this had in fact partially disabled the collective power of the Board In 1931 for the first time since 1709 the First Lord was not a member of the cabinet 10 In 1946 the three posts of Secretary of State for War First Lord of the Admiralty and Secretary of State for Air became formally subordinated to that of Minister of Defence which had itself been created in 1940 for the co ordination of defence and security issues In 1964 the office of First Lord of the Admiralty was abolished the last holder being the second Earl Jellicoe whose father Admiral of the Fleet the first Earl Jellicoe had served as First Sea Lord nearly 50 years earlier The functions of the Lords Commissioners were then transferred to an Admiralty Board which forms part of the tri service Defence Council of the United Kingdom Principal political leaders of the English British Armed Forces Royal Navy British Army Royal Air Force Co ordination1628 First Lord of the Admiralty 1628 1964 1794 Secretary of State for War 1794 1801 1801 Secretary of State for War and the Colonies 1801 1854 1854 Secretary of State for War 1854 1964 1919 Secretary of State for Air 1919 1964 1936 Minister for Co ordination of Defence 1936 1940 1940 Minister of Defence 1940 1964 1964 Secretary of State for Defence 1964 present List of First Lords of the Admiralty editFirst Lords of the Admiralty of England 1628 1701 edit First Lord of the Admiralty Term of office nbsp Richard Weston1st Earl of Portland Note 1 11 1628 1635 nbsp Robert Bertie1st Earl of Lindsey 12 1635 1636 nbsp William JuxonBishop of London 1582 1663 13 1636 1638 nbsp Algernon Percy10th Earl of Northumberland Note 2 13 1642 1643 nbsp Francis Cottington1st Baron Cottington 13 1643 1646 nbsp Prince Rupert of the Rhine 14 1673 1679 nbsp Sir Henry CapellMP for Tewkesbury 15 1679 1681 nbsp Daniel Finch2nd Earl of Nottingham 16 1681 1684 nbsp Arthur Herbert1st Earl of Torrington Note 3 17 1689 1690 nbsp Thomas Herbert8th Earl of Pembroke 18 1690 1692 nbsp Charles Cornwallis3rd Baron Cornwallis 19 1692 1693 nbsp Anthony Cary5th Viscount Falkland 20 1693 1694 nbsp Edward Russell1st Earl of Orford 21 1694 1699 nbsp John Egerton3rd Earl of Bridgewater 22 1699 1701 nbsp Thomas Herbert8th Earl of Pembroke 23 1701 1702Senior Members of the Lord High Admiral s Council 1702 1709 edit Senior Member Term of office nbsp Sir George Rooke 24 1702 1705 nbsp Sir David Mitchell 24 1705 1708 nbsp David Wemyss4th Earl of Wemyss 24 1708 1709First Lords of the Admiralty of Great Britain 1709 1801 edit First Lord of the Admiralty Term of office Ministry Monarch nbsp Edward Russell1st Earl of Orford 25 1709 1710 Godolphin Marlborough Tory Whig Anne nbsp nbsp Admiral of the Fleet John LeakeMP for Rochester 26 1710 1712 Oxford Bolingbroke nbsp Thomas Wentworth1st Earl of Strafford 27 1712 1714George I nbsp nbsp Edward Russell1st Earl of Orford 28 1714 1716 Townshend nbsp James Berkeley3rd Earl of Berkeley 29 1717 1727 Stanhope Sunderland IStanhope Sunderland IIWalpole TownshendGeorge II nbsp nbsp George Byng1st Viscount Torrington 30 1727 1733Walpole nbsp Charles WagerMP for Westminster Note 4 31 1733 1741 nbsp Daniel Finch8th Earl of Winchilsea 32 1741 1744Carteret nbsp John Russell4th Duke of Bedford 33 1744 1748 Broad Bottom I amp II nbsp John Montagu4th Earl of Sandwich 34 1748 1751 nbsp George Anson1st Baron Anson 35 1751 1756Newcastle I nbsp Richard Grenville Temple2nd Earl Temple 36 1756 1757 Pitt Devonshire nbsp Daniel Finch8th Earl of Winchilsea 32 1757 1757 1757 Caretaker nbsp George Anson1st Baron Anson 37 1757 1762 Pitt NewcastleGeorge III nbsp nbsp George Montague Dunk2nd Earl of Halifax 38 1762 1762 Bute Tory Whig nbsp George GrenvilleMP for Buckingham 39 1762 1763 nbsp John Montagu4th Earl of Sandwich 39 1763 1763 Grenville nbsp John Perceval2nd Earl of Egmont 39 1763 1766Rockingham IChatham Whig Tory nbsp Charles SaundersMP for Hedon 40 1766 1766 nbsp Edward HawkeMP for Portsmouth 41 1766 1771GraftonNorth nbsp John Montagu4th Earl of Sandwich 42 1771 1782 nbsp Augustus Keppel1st Viscount Keppel 43 1782 1783 Rockingham IIShelburne Whig Tory nbsp Richard Howe5th Viscount Howe 44 1783 1783 nbsp Augustus Keppel1st Viscount Keppel 45 1783 1783 Fox North nbsp Richard Howe5th Viscount Howe 46 1783 1788 Pitt I nbsp John Pitt2nd Earl of Chatham 47 1788 1794 nbsp George Spencer2nd Earl Spencer 48 1794 1801First Lords of the Admiralty of the United Kingdom 1801 1964 edit First Lord of the Admiralty Term of office Party Ministry Monarch Reign nbsp John Jervis1st Earl of St Vincent 1801 1804 Whig Pitt I George III nbsp Addington nbsp Henry Dundas1st Viscount Melville 1804 1805 Tory Pitt II nbsp Charles Middleton1st Baron Barham 1805 1806 Tory nbsp Charles GreyViscount HowickMP for Northumberland 1806 1806 Whig All the Talents Whig Tory nbsp Thomas GrenvilleMP for Buckingham 1806 1807 Whig nbsp Henry Phipps3rd Baron Mulgrave 1807 1810 Tory Portland IIPerceval nbsp Charles Philip YorkeMP for St Germans 1810 1812 Tory nbsp Robert Dundas2nd Viscount Melville 1812 1827 Tory LiverpoolGeorge IV nbsp nbsp Prince William HenryDuke of ClarenceLord High Admiral Note 5 1827 1828 Canning Canningite Whig Goderich nbsp Robert Dundas2nd Viscount Melville 1828 1830 Tory Wellington PeelWilliam IV nbsp nbsp James GrahamMP for East Cumberland Note 6 1830 1834 Whig Grey nbsp George Eden2nd Baron Auckland 1834 1834 WhigMelbourne IWellington Caretaker nbsp Thomas Robinson2nd Earl de Grey 1834 1835 Conservative Peel I nbsp George Eden2nd Baron Auckland 1835 1835 Whig Melbourne II nbsp Gilbert Elliot Murray Kynynmound2nd Earl of Minto 1835 1841 WhigVictoria nbsp nbsp Thomas Hamilton9th Earl of Haddington 1841 1846 Conservative Peel II nbsp Edward Law1st Earl of Ellenborough 1846 1846 Conservative nbsp George Eden1st Earl of Auckland 1846 1849 Whig Russell I nbsp Francis BaringMP for Portsmouth 1849 1852 Whig nbsp Algernon Percy4th Duke of Northumberland 1852 1852 Conservative Who Who nbsp James GrahamMP for Carlisle 1852 1855 Peelite Aberdeen Peelite Whig Palmerston I nbsp Charles WoodBt GCBMP for Halifax 1855 1858 Whig nbsp John PakingtonMP for Droitwich 1858 1859 Conservative Derby Disraeli II nbsp His Grace Edward Seymour12th Duke of Somerset 1859 1866 Liberal Palmerston IIRussell II nbsp John PakingtonMP for Droitwich 1866 1867 Conservative Derby Disraeli III nbsp Henry Lowry CorryMP for Tyrone 1867 1868 Conservative nbsp Hugh ChildersMP for Pontefract 1868 1871 Liberal Gladstone I nbsp George GoschenMP for City of London 1871 1874 Liberal nbsp George Ward HuntMP for Northamptonshire North 1874 1877 Conservative Disraeli II nbsp William Henry SmithMP for Westminster 1877 1880 Conservative nbsp Thomas Baring1st Earl of Northbrook 1880 1885 Liberal Gladstone II nbsp Lord George HamiltonMP for Ealing 1885 1886 Conservative Salisbury I nbsp George Robinson1st Marquess of Ripon 1886 1886 Liberal Gladstone III nbsp Lord George HamiltonMP for Ealing 1886 1892 Conservative Salisbury II nbsp John Spencer5th Earl Spencer 1892 1895 Liberal Gladstone IVRosebery nbsp George GoschenMP for St George Hanover Square 1895 1900 Conservative Salisbury III amp IV Con Lib U nbsp William Palmer2nd Earl of Selborne 1900 1905 Liberal UnionistEdward VII nbsp Balfour nbsp Frederick Campbell3rd Earl Cawdor 1905 1905 Conservative nbsp Edward Marjoribanks2nd Lord Tweedmouth 1905 1908 Liberal Campbell Bannerman nbsp Reginald McKennaMP for North Monmouthshire 1908 1911 Liberal Asquith I III George V nbsp nbsp Winston ChurchillMP for Dundee 1911 1915 Liberal nbsp Arthur BalfourMP for City of London 1915 1916 Conservative Asquith Coalition Lib Con et al nbsp Edward CarsonMP for Dublin University 1916 1917 Conservative Lloyd George I amp II nbsp Eric GeddesMP for Cambridge 1917 1919 Conservative nbsp Walter LongMP for Westminster St George s 1919 1921 Conservative nbsp Arthur Lee1st Baron Lee of Fareham 1921 1922 Conservative nbsp Leo AmeryMP for Birmingham Sparkbrook 1922 1924 Conservative LawBaldwin I nbsp Frederic Thesiger1st Viscount Chelmsford 1924 1924 Independent MacDonald I nbsp William Clive Bridgeman Note 7 1924 1929 Conservative Baldwin II nbsp A V AlexanderMP for Sheffield Hillsborough 1929 1931 Labour Co op MacDonald II nbsp Austen ChamberlainMP for Birmingham West 1931 1931 Conservative National I N Lab Con et al nbsp Bolton Eyres Monsell1st Viscount Monsell Note 8 1931 1936 Conservative National IINational III Con N Lab et al Edward VIII nbsp nbsp Samuel HoareMP for Chelsea 1936 1937 ConservativeGeorge VI nbsp nbsp Duff CooperMP for Westminster St George s 1937 1938 Conservative National IV nbsp James Stanhope7th Earl Stanhope 1938 1939 Conservative nbsp Winston ChurchillMP for Epping 1939 1940 Conservative Chamberlain War nbsp A V AlexanderMP for Sheffield Hillsborough 1940 1945 Labour Co op Churchill War All parties nbsp Brendan BrackenMP for Paddington North 1945 1945 Conservative Churchill Caretaker Con N Lib nbsp A V AlexanderMP for Sheffield Hillsborough 1945 1946 Labour Co op Attlee I amp II nbsp George Hall1st Viscount Hall 1946 1951 Labour nbsp Frank Pakenham1st Baron Pakenham 1951 1951 Labour nbsp James Thomas1st Viscount Cilcennin Note 9 1951 1956 Conservative Churchill IIIElizabeth II nbsp Eden nbsp Quintin Hogg2nd Viscount Hailsham 1956 1957 Conservative nbsp George Douglas Hamilton10th Earl of Selkirk 1957 1959 Conservative Macmillan I amp II nbsp Peter Carington6th Baron Carrington 1959 1963 Conservative nbsp George Jellicoe2nd Earl Jellicoe 1963 1964 Conservative Douglas HomeFrom 1 April 1964 Elizabeth II assumed the title of Lord High Admiral Ministerial responsibility for the Royal Navy was transferred to the newly created Secretary of State for Defence 49 Notes Baron Weston from 1628 created Earl of Portland in 1633 Lord High Admiral 1638 1642 Lord High Admiral 1689 MP for Portsmouth until 1734 MP for Westminster from 1734 As Lord High Admiral MP for Cumberland until 1832 MP for East Cumberland from 1832 MP for Oswestry MP for Evesham until 1935 thereafter created Viscount Monsell MP for Hereford until 1955 thereafter created Viscount Cilcennin Boards departments and offices under the First Lord editAdmiralty and Marine Affairs Office 1628 1709 Admiralty Department 1709 1964 Board of Admiralty 1628 1964 Navy Board 1628 1832 Sick and Hurt Board 1653 1806 Transport Board 1690 1724 1794 1817 Victualling Board 1683 1832 Office of the Civil Lord of the Admiralty Office of the Senior Naval Lord 1689 1771 Office of the First Naval Lord 1771 1904 Office of the First Sea Lord 1904 1917 Office of the First Sea Lord and Chief of Naval Staff 1917 1964 Office of the Private Secretary to the First Lord of the Admiralty 1800 1910 Office of the Naval Secretary 1910 1964 Office of the Secretary to the Admiralty 1660 1763 Office of the First Secretary to the Admiralty 1763 1871 Office of the Parliamentary Secretary to the Admiralty 1871 1886 Office of the Parliamentary and Financial Secretary to the Admiralty 1886 1959 Office of the Permanent Secretary to the Admiralty 1882 1964 Fictional First Lords edit nbsp W H Smith portrayed in a Punch cartoon from 13 October 1877 when First Lord saying I think I ll now go below In Pinafore Sir Joseph Porter similarly sings When the breezes blow I generally go below The Radical First Lord and a major character in Gilbert and Sullivan s comic opera H M S Pinafore 1878 is Sir Joseph Henry Porter KCB W S Gilbert wrote to Arthur Sullivan he did not intend to portray the real life then First Lord the bookseller and newsagent W H Smith a Conservative 50 although some of the public including Prime Minister Disraeli who later referred to Smith as Pinafore Smith identified Porter with him 51 The counterparts shared a known lack of naval background It has been suggested the character was drawn on Smith s actual Radical predecessor of 1868 71 Hugh Childers 52 References edit Eberle Sir James 2007 Wider horizons naval policy amp international affairs Roundtuit Publishing p 1 ISBN 9781904499176 Pryde E B 23 February 1996 Handbook of British Chronology Cambridge University Press p 135 ISBN 9780521563505 a b Blake Nicholas Lawrence Richard 2005 The Illustrated Companion to Nelson s Navy Stackpole Books p 8 ISBN 9780811732758 Knighton C S Loades David Loades Professor of History David 29 April 2016 Elizabethan Naval Administration Routledge p 8 ISBN 9781317145035 a b Hamilton Admiral Sir Richard Vesey G C B 1896 Naval Administration The Constitution Character and Functions of the Board of Admiralty and of the Civil Departments it Directs George Bell and Sons London a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain Constable Archibald 1861 The Edinburgh Review Or Critical Journal To Be Continued Quarterly Austrian National Library 4 November 2013 p 291 eISB electronic Irish Statute Book electronic Irish Statute Book eISB Admiralty Act 1832 irishstatutebook ie Government of Ireland 2017 Retrieved 9 March 2017 Hamilton C I 2011 The making of the modern admiralty British naval policy making 1805 1927 Cambridge UK Cambridge University Press p 153 ISBN 9780521765183 Marder Arthur 19 June 2014 From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow Volume II To The Eve of Jutland 1914 1916 Seaforth Publishing p 268 ISBN 9781848321632 Cannon John Crowcroft Robert 2015 The Oxford Companion to British History Oxford University Press p 5 ISBN 9780199677832 Lee Sidney ed 1899 Weston Richard 1577 1635 Dictionary of National Biography Vol 60 London Smith Elder amp Co p 364 Bertie Robert Dictionary of National Biography London Smith Elder amp Co 1885 1900 a b c Thomas Mason Serving God and Mammon William Juxon 1582 1663 ISBN 0 87413 251 7 Rodger N A M 2004 The Command of the Ocean London Allen Lane p 629 ISBN 0 713 99411 8 N Y Metropolitan Museum of Art New York Baetjer Katharine 2009 British Paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art 1575 1875 Metropolitan Museum of Art p 19 ISBN 9781588393487 Phillips G 29 November 2012 Rutland Cambridge University Press p 132 ISBN 9781107696419 Stewart William 28 September 2009 Admirals of the World A Biographical Dictionary 1500 to the Present McFarland p 163 ISBN 9780786482887 Cannon John Crowcroft Robert 2015 The Oxford Companion to British History Oxford University Press p 714 ISBN 9780199677832 Murray J 1859 Correspondence of Charles First Marquis Cornwallis J Murray p 2 Fieldgate Barrie 2007 The Captain s Steward Falklands 1982 Melrose Press p 305 ISBN 9781905226467 Aldridge David Denis 2009 Admiral Sir John Norris and the British Naval Expeditions to the Baltic Sea 1715 1727 Nordic Academic Press p 286 ISBN 9789185509317 Macaulay Thomas Babington 1915 The History of England From the Accession of James the Second Volume 6 Macmillan p 3018 Office Holders in Modern Britain Volume 4 Admiralty Officials 1660 1870 a b c Rodger N A M 2004 The Command of the Ocean London Allen Lane p 630 ISBN 0 713 99411 8 Childs John 1991 The Nine Years War and the British Army 1688 1697 The Operations in the Low Countries Manchester University Press p 353 ISBN 9780719034619 Winfield Rif 10 March 2010 British Warships in the Age of Sail 1603 1714 Design Construction Careers and Fates Seaforth Publishing p 23 ISBN 9781783469246 Holmes Geoffrey 1987 British Politics in the Age of Anne A amp C Black p 541 ISBN 9780907628736 Aldridge David Denis 2009 Admiral Sir John Norris and the British Naval Expeditions to the Baltic Sea 1715 1727 Nordic Academic Press p 286 ISBN 9789185509317 Stewart William 28 September 2009 Admirals of the World A Biographical Dictionary 1500 to the Present McFarland p 28 ISBN 9780786438099 Howard Joseph J Crisp Frederick A 1 September 1997 Visitation of England and Wales Notes Volume 6 1906 Heritage Books p 172 ISBN 9780788407031 Cunningham George Godfrey 1853 A History of England in the Lives of Englishmen A Fullarton p 169 Sir Charles Wager First Lord of the Admiralty a b Sainty J C Alphabetical list of officials K Z in Office Holders in Modern Britain Volume 4 Admiralty Officials 1660 1870 british history ac uk Originally published by University of London London 1975 pp 135 159 Retrieved 9 March 2017 Newman Gerald Brown Leslie Ellen 1997 Britain in the Hanoverian Age 1714 1837 An Encyclopedia Taylor amp Francis p 619 ISBN 9780815303961 Woodward Bernard Bolingbroke Cates William Leist Readwin 1872 Encyclopedia of Chronology Historical and Biographical Longmans Green and Company p 1246 John Montagu 4th Earl of Sandwich First Lord of the Admiralty 1748 Stewart William 28 September 2009 Admirals of the World A Biographical Dictionary 1500 to the Present McFarland p 9 ISBN 9780786482887 Winfield Rif 12 December 2007 British Warships in the Age of Sail 1714 1792 Design Construction Careers and Fates Seaforth Publishing p viii Introduction ISBN 9781783469253 Watson John Steven 1960 The Reign of George III 1760 1815 Clarendon Press p 613 ISBN 9780198217138 Kane Joseph Nathan Aiken Charles Curry 2005 The American Counties Origins of County Names Dates of Creation and Population Data 1950 2000 Scarecrow Press p 123 ISBN 9780810850361 George Montague Dunk 2nd Earl of Halifax First Lord of the Admiralty 1757 a b c Chatham William Pitt 1st earl of 1838 Correspondence ed by W S Taylor and J H Pringle the executors of his son John earl of Chatham Oxford University p xxi Introduction a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Beatson Robert 1788 A Political Index to the Histories of Great Britain and Ireland Or A Complete Register of the Hereditary Honours Public Offices and Persons in Office from the Earliest Periods to the Present Time G G J amp J Robinson p 320 Sir Charles Saunders First Lord of the Admiralty 1757 Watson John Steven 1960 The Reign of George III 1760 1815 Clarendon Press p 623 ISBN 9780198217138 Laurens Henry 1980 The papers of Henry Laurens Univ of South Carolina Press p 56 ISBN 9780872493858 Bandhauer Andrea Veber Maria 2009 Migration and Cultural Contact Germany and Australia Sydney University Press p 214 ISBN 9781920898632 Haydn Joseph 1851 The Book of Dignities Containing Lists of the Official Personages of the British Empire from the Earliest Periods to the Present Time Together with the Sovereigns and Rulers of Europe from the Foundation of Their Respective States the Peerage of England and Great Britain Longmans Brown Green and Longmans p 286 Richard Howe 1st Earl Howe First Lord of the Admiralty Bolton Carol 3 June 2016 Letters from England By Don Manuel Alvarez Espriella Routledge p 508 ISBN 9781317242918 Haydn Joseph Timothy Beatson Robert 1851 Beatson s Political index modernised The book of dignities containing rolls of the official personages of the British empire together with the sovereigns of Europe the peerage of England and of Great Britain and numerous other lists Oxford University p 286 Nichols John 1835 The Gentleman s Magazine E Cave p 546 John Pitt 2nd Earl of Chatham First Lord of the Admiralty 1783 Hawkins Anne 17 June 2016 Letters of Seamen in the Wars with France 1793 1815 Boydell amp Brewer p 482 ISBN 9781843838968 No 43288 The London Gazette 3 April 1964 p 2895 Jacobs Arthur 1986 Arthur Sullivan A Victorian Musician Oxford University Press p 114 ISBN 0 19 282033 8 Arthur Sullivan A Victorian Musician p 115 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Volume 11 Oxford University Press 2004 p 445 Article on Childers by William Carr rev H C G Matthew Attribution edit This article contains some text from Vesey Richard Sir Admiral 1896 Naval Administration The Constitution Character and Functions of the Board of Admiralty and of the Civil Departments it Directs George Bell and Sons London Sources editBell Christopher M Sir John Fisher s Naval Revolution Reconsidered Winston Churchill at the Admiralty 1911 1914 War in History 18 3 2011 333 356 online dead link Hamilton C I 2011 The Making of the Modern Admiralty British Naval Policy Making 1805 1927 Cambridge Cambridge University Press ISBN 9780521765183 Rodger N A M The Admiralty Lavenham 1979 Sainty J C Admiralty Officials 1660 1870 London 1975 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title First Lord of the Admiralty amp oldid 1192671531, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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