GM High Feature engine

The GM High Feature engine (also known as the HFV6, and including the 3600 LY7 and derivative LP1) is a family of modern DOHC V6 engines produced by General Motors. The series was introduced in 2004 with the Cadillac CTS and the Holden Commodore (VZ).

GM High Feature V6
Alloytec LPG V6 engine in a 2006-2008 Holden VE Commodore
Overview
Manufacturer	General Motors
Also called	Alloytec V6
Production	2004-present
Layout
Configuration	60° V6
Displacement	2,792 cc (2.8 L; 170.4 cu in) 2,994 cc (3.0 L; 182.7 cu in) 3,195 cc (3.2 L; 195.0 cu in) 3,564 cc (3.6 L; 217.5 cu in) 3,649 cc (3.6 L; 222.7 cu in)
Cylinder bore	86 mm (3.39 in) 89 mm (3.5 in) 94 mm (3.7 in) 95 mm (3.74 in)
Piston stroke	74.8 mm (2.94 in) 80.3 mm (3.16 in) 85.6 mm (3.37 in) 85.8 mm (3.38 in)
Cylinder block material	Aluminum
Cylinder head material	Aluminum
Valvetrain	DOHC 4 valves x cyl. with VVT
Compression ratio	9.5:1, 10.0:1, 10.2:1, 10.3:1, 11.3:1, 11.5:1, 11.7:1, 12.2:1
RPM range
Max. engine speed	6500-7200
Combustion
Turbocharger	Twin-turbo (in some models) Single-turbo (in the 2.8L LP9 and LAU)
Fuel system	Sequential multi-port fuel injection Direct injection
Fuel type	Gasoline, E85, LPG
Oil system	Wet sump
Cooling system	Water-cooled
Output
Power output	201–464 hp (150–346 kW; 204–470 PS)
Torque output	182–445 lb⋅ft (247–603 N⋅m)
Emissions
Emissions target standard	Euro 6
Chronology
Predecessor	Buick V6 engine 54° V6 GM High Value engine LX5 (Shortstar)

It is a 60° 24-valve design with aluminum block and heads and sequential multi-port fuel injection. Most versions feature continuously variable cam phasing on both intake and exhaust valves and electronic throttle control. Other features include piston oil-jet capability, forged and fillet rolled crankshaft, sinter forged connecting rods, a variable-length intake manifold, twin knock control sensors and coil-on-plug ignition. It was developed by the same international team responsible for the Ecotec, including the Opel engineers responsible for the 54° V6, with involvement with design and development engineering from Ricardo plc.

GM's Australian auto division Holden produced a HFV6 engine under the name "Alloytec".

History

The HFV6 was designed, tested and produced in a joint program by Holden and Cadillac. A majority of designs into the new alloy construction, transmission pairing and first use in production were all undertaken in Detroit (and manufactured in St. Catharines, Ontario). Holden had the job of developing smaller engines (Holden 3.2, LP1 and Saab 2.8, LP9 Turbo) as well as their own Holden 3.6 and 3.0 HFV6 (called the Alloytec V6) for local models.

Cadillac and Holden both tested variations of these engines in the United States and Australia.

2.8

LP1

A 2.8 L (2,792 cc) LP1 variant was introduced in the 2005 Cadillac CTS. It was also used on the Chinese 2008 CTS. It has a 89 mm × 74.8 mm (3.50 in × 2.94 in) bore and stroke, sequential multi-port fuel injection and a 10.0:1 compression ratio. The LP1 was built in St. Catharines, Ontario.

Applications:

Year(s)	Model	Power	Torque
2007–2009	Buick Park Avenue (China)	201 hp (150 kW; 204 PS) @ 6500 rpm	195 lb⋅ft (264 N⋅m) @ 2600 rpm
2005–2007	Cadillac CTS	210 hp (157 kW; 213 PS) @ 6500 rpm	194 lb⋅ft (263 N⋅m) @ 3300 rpm
2008-2010	Cadillac CTS	210 hp (157 kW; 213 PS) @ 6800 rpm	182 lb⋅ft (247 N⋅m) @ 3600 rpm
2007–2009	Cadillac SLS (China)	209 hp (156 kW; 212 PS) @ 6500 rpm	194 lb⋅ft (263 N⋅m) @ 3300 rpm

LP9

 

2.8 L turbo V6 in a 2006 Saab 9-3

This engine is also known as a A28NET, Z28NET, Z28NEL or B284.

The LP9 is a 2.8 L turbocharged version used for the Saab 9-3, Saab 9-5 and other GM vehicles. It has the same bore and stroke as the naturally aspirated LP1, however the compression ratio is reduced to 9.5:1. The engine is manufactured at Holden's Fishermans Bend engine factory in Port Melbourne, Australia, while GM Powertrain Sweden (formerly Saab Automobile Powertrain) is responsible for turbocharging the engine. Global versions of this engine use the same horsepower rating for both metric and imperial markets – mechanical horsepower – while the Europe-only versions are rated in metric horsepower.

Applications:

Year(s)	Model	Power	Torque
2005–2008	Opel/Vauxhall Vectra	227 hp (169 kW; 230 PS) @ 5500 rpm	330 N⋅m (243 lb⋅ft) @ 1900-4500 rpm
2005–2008	Opel/Vauxhall Signum	227 hp (169 kW; 230 PS) @ 5500 rpm	330 N⋅m (243 lb⋅ft) @ 1900-4500 rpm
2006–2008		247 hp (184 kW; 250 PS) @ 5500 rpm	350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) @ 1900-4500 rpm
2005	Opel/Vauxhall Vectra OPC/VXR	247 hp (184 kW; 250 PS) @ 5500 rpm	350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) @ 1900-4500 rpm
2006–2008		276 hp (206 kW; 280 PS) @ 5500 rpm	350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) @ 1900-4500 rpm
2006–2009	Cadillac BLS	247 hp (184 kW; 250 PS) @ 5500 rpm	350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) @ 1900-4500 rpm
2006–2008	Saab 9-3 Aero	247 hp (184 kW; 250 PS) @ 5500 rpm	350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) @ 1900-4500 rpm
2009		276 hp (206 kW; 280 PS) @ 5500 rpm	400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) @ 1900-4500 rpm
2008	Saab 9-3 Turbo X	276 hp (206 kW; 280 PS) @ 5500 rpm	400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) @ 1900-4500 rpm
2008	Saab 9-3 Aero Convertible	252 hp (188 kW; 255 PS) @ 5500 rpm	350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) @ 1900-4500 rpm
2009		276 hp (206 kW; 280 PS) @ 5500 rpm	370 N⋅m (273 lb⋅ft) @ 1900-4500 rpm

LAU

The LAU is GM's new code for the LP9 Turbo engine, its usage starting with the 2010 Cadillac SRX.^[1] In 2011, production of the Cadillac SRX with the LAU engine ceased, but the engine remained in use in the Saab 9-4X until 2012, when production of that model came to an end.^[2][3]

Applications:

Year(s)	Model	Power	Torque
2010-2011	Cadillac SRX	300 hp (224 kW; 304 PS) at 5500 rpm	295 lb⋅ft (400 N⋅m) at 2000 rpm
2011-2012	Saab 9-4X	300 hp (224 kW; 304 PS) at 5500 rpm	295 lb⋅ft (400 N⋅m) at 2000 rpm
2009–2013	Opel/Vauxhall Insignia	256 hp (191 kW; 260 PS) @ 5500 rpm	350 N⋅m (258 lb⋅ft) @ 1900-4500 rpm
2009–2013	Opel/Vauxhall Insignia OPC/VXR	321 hp (239 kW; 325 PS) @ 5250 rpm	435 N⋅m (321 lb⋅ft) @ 1900-4500 rpm
2010–2012	Saab 9-5 Turbo6 XWD /Aero	296 hp (221 kW; 300 PS) @ 5500 rpm	400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) @ 2000 rpm
2010–2012	Saab 9-5 Hirsch Performance	330 hp (246 kW; 335 PS) @ 5500 rpm	430 N⋅m (317 lb⋅ft) @ 2500 rpm

3.0

LF1

The LF1 is a 3.0-litre (2,994 cc) version with a bore and stroke of 89 mm × 80.3 mm (3.50 in × 3.16 in) produced between 2010 and 2014 equipped with spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) and a 11.7:1 compression ratio.

Applications:

Year(s)	Model	Power	Torque
2010	Buick LaCrosse	255 hp (190 kW; 259 PS) @ 6950 rpm	217 lb⋅ft (294 N⋅m) @ 5600 rpm
2010–2012	Buick Park Avenue (China)	251 hp (187 kW; 254 PS) @ 6700 rpm	218 lb⋅ft (296 N⋅m) @ 2900 rpm
2010–2011	Cadillac CTS	270 hp (201 kW; 274 PS) @ 7000 rpm	223 lb⋅ft (302 N⋅m) @ 5700 rpm
2011–2013	Cadillac SLS (China)	268 hp (200 kW; 272 PS) @ 7000 rpm	221 ft⋅lb (300 N⋅m) @ 5600 rpm
2010–2011	Cadillac SRX^[4]	265 hp (198 kW; 269 PS) @ 6950 rpm	223 lb⋅ft (302 N⋅m) @ 5100 rpm
2010-2012	Chevrolet Equinox	264 hp (197 kW; 268 PS) @ 6950 rpm	222 lb⋅ft (301 N⋅m) @ 5100 rpm
2010-2012	GMC Terrain	264 hp (197 kW; 268 PS) @ 6950 rpm	222 lb⋅ft (301 N⋅m) @ 5100 rpm
2010	Holden Commodore	255 hp (190 kW; 259 PS) @ 6700 rpm	214 lb⋅ft (290 N⋅m) @ 2900 rpm
2011	Saab 9-4X^[3]	265 hp (198 kW; 269 PS) @ 6950 rpm	223 lb⋅ft (302 N⋅m) @ 5100 rpm
2011	Chevrolet Captiva	255 hp (190 kW; 259 PS) @ 6900 rpm	212 lb⋅ft (287 N⋅m) @ 5800 rpm
2012	Chevrolet Malibu (Middle East)^[5]	260 hp (194 kW; 264 PS) @ 6900 rpm	214 lb⋅ft (290 N⋅m) @ 5600 rpm

LFW

The LFW is a flexible fuel version of the LF1, capable of running on E85, gasoline, or any mixture of the two. Output is identical to the LF1.

Applications:

Year(s)	Model	Power	Torque
2011-2017	Buick GL8 (China only)	254 hp (189 kW; 258 PS) @ 6800 rpm	214 lb⋅ft (290 N⋅m) @ 5200 rpm
2011–2012	Chevrolet Equinox	264 hp (197 kW; 268 PS) @ 6950 rpm	222 lb⋅ft (301 N⋅m) @ 5100 rpm
2011–2012	GMC Terrain	264 hp (197 kW; 268 PS) @ 6950 rpm	222 lb⋅ft (301 N⋅m) @ 5100 rpm
2012–2013	Cadillac CTS	270 hp (201 kW; 274 PS) @ 7000 rpm	223 lb⋅ft (302 N⋅m) @ 5700 rpm
2012–2013	Chevrolet Captiva Sport	264 hp (197 kW; 268 PS) @ 6950 rpm	222 lb⋅ft (301 N⋅m) @ 5100 rpm
2010-2017	Holden Commodore (VE) and VF	254 hp (189 kW; 258 PS) @ 6800 rpm	214 lb⋅ft (290 N⋅m) @ 5200 rpm

3.2

For the Alfa Romeo version of the 3.2 L, see Alfa Romeo JTS engine.

Holden has built its own 3.2 L (3,195 cc) version of the High Feature engine in Australia produced between 2005 and 2010 with a bore and stroke of 89 mm × 85.6 mm (3.50 in × 3.37 in). Branded with the Alloytec name like the 3.6 litre version, this version produces 227 hp (169 kW; 230 PS) at 6600 rpm and 297 N⋅m (219 lb⋅ft) at 3200 rpm. It has a 10.3:1 compression ratio. Its fuel economy is 4–6 km/L (11–17 mpg_‑imp; 9.4–14.1 mpg_‑US) in city, and 7–9 km/L (20–25 mpg_‑imp; 16–21 mpg_‑US) on highway.^{[citation needed]}. Holden also produced the 3.2 L engines that were used by Alfa Romeo as the basis of its JTS V6 engine.

Applications:

• 2006-2010 Daewoo Winstorm / Chevrolet Captiva / Holden Captiva
• 2006-2010 Opel Antara / Daewoo Winstorm MaXX / Holden Captiva MaXX
• 2008-2012 Suzuki Grand Vitara

3.6

3.6
3.6 L engine in a Holden VZ Commodore
Overview
Production	2004-present
Layout
Displacement	3,564 cc (3.564 L)
Cylinder bore	94 mm (3.70 in)
Piston stroke	85.6 mm (3.37 in)
Compression ratio	10.2:1, 11.3:1, 11.5:1
Combustion
Fuel system	Sequential multi-port fuel injection Direct injection
Fuel type	Gasoline, Autogas (LPG), E85
Dimensions
Dry weight	168 kg (370 lb) (3.6 V6 High Feature engine)^[6]

LY7

The 3.6 L; 217.5 cu in (3,564 cc) LY7 engine was developed primarily by Holden and introduced in the 2004 Holden Commodore and 2004 Cadillac CTS sedan. It has a 10.2:1 compression ratio, a bore and a stroke of 94 mm × 85.6 mm (3.70 in × 3.37 in). Lower powered versions only have variable cam phasing on the inlet cam (LE0). Selected models also include variable exhaust. The engine weighs 370 lb (170 kg) as installed.

This engine is produced in several locations: St. Catharines (Ontario), Flint Engine South (Michigan), Melbourne (Australia), Ramos Arizpe (Mexico), and Sagara (Japan) by Suzuki.

Suzuki's engine designation is N36A.

The dual fuel 235 hp (175 kW; 238 PS) LW2 version was able to run on petrol and autogas. The LW2 engine was based on the low-output LE0 V6. It featured a factory-fitted dual fuel system developed by IMPCO, different valves and hardened titanium valve seats. This motor was available exclusively in Holden vehicles from 2005 - 2012.

Applications:^[7]

Year(s)	Model	Power	Torque
2004–2007	Buick Rendezvous CXL/Ultra	242 hp (180 kW; 245 PS) @ 6000 rpm	232 lb⋅ft (315 N⋅m) @ 3500 rpm
2004–2007	Cadillac CTS	255 hp (190 kW; 259 PS) @ 6200 rpm	252 lb⋅ft (342 N⋅m) @ 2800 rpm
2008–2009	Cadillac CTS	263 hp (196 kW; 267 PS) @ 6200 rpm	253 lb⋅ft (343 N⋅m) @ 3100 rpm
2004–2009	Cadillac SRX	255 hp (190 kW; 259 PS) @ 6500 rpm	254 lb⋅ft (344 N⋅m) @ 2800 rpm
2004–2005	Holden VZ Commodore	235 hp (175 kW; 238 PS) @ 6000 rpm	236 lb⋅ft (320 N⋅m) @ 2800 rpm
2006–2007		231 hp (172 kW; 234 PS) @ 6000 rpm	236 lb⋅ft (320 N⋅m) @ 2800 rpm
2004–2006	Holden VZ Commodore Holden WL Statesman Holden VZ Calais SV6	255 hp (190 kW; 259 PS) @ 6500 rpm	251 lb⋅ft (340 N⋅m) @ 3200 rpm
2006–2007		255 hp (190 kW; 259 PS) @ 6500 rpm	247 lb⋅ft (335 N⋅m) @ 3200 rpm
2005–2008	Buick LaCrosse CXS	240 hp (179 kW; 243 PS) @ 6000 rpm	225 lb⋅ft (305 N⋅m) @ 2000 rpm
2005–2007	Cadillac STS	255 hp (190 kW; 259 PS) @ 6500 rpm	252 lb⋅ft (342 N⋅m) @ 3200 rpm
2006–2007	Holden VE Commodore Omega	240 hp (179 kW; 243 PS) @ 6000 rpm	243 lb⋅ft (329 N⋅m) @ 2600 rpm
2008–2009		235 hp (175 kW; 238 PS) @ 6500 rpm	240 lb⋅ft (325 N⋅m) @ 2400 rpm
2006–2009	Holden WM Statesman/Caprice	262 hp (195 kW; 266 PS) @ 6500 rpm	250 lb⋅ft (339 N⋅m) @ 2600 rpm
2007–2009	Buick Park Avenue (China)	255 hp (190 kW; 259 PS) @ 6600 rpm	250 lb⋅ft (339 N⋅m) @ 2800 rpm
2007–2009	Cadillac SLS (China)	251 hp (187 kW; 254 PS) @ 6500 rpm	252 lb⋅ft (342 N⋅m) @ 3200 rpm
2006–2011	Holden Rodeo/Colorado	211 hp (157 kW; 214 PS) @ 6500 rpm	231 lb⋅ft (313 N⋅m) @ 2600 rpm
2007–2008	GMC Acadia	275 hp (205 kW; 279 PS) @ 6600 rpm	251 lb⋅ft (340 N⋅m) @ 3200 rpm
2007	Pontiac G6 GTP	252 hp (188 kW; 255 PS) @ 6300 rpm	251 lb⋅ft (340 N⋅m) @ 3200 rpm
2007–2009	Saturn Aura XR	252 hp (188 kW; 255 PS) @ 6300 rpm	251 lb⋅ft (340 N⋅m) @ 3200 rpm
2007–2008	Saturn Outlook XE single exhaust	270 hp (201 kW; 274 PS) @ 6600 rpm	248 lb⋅ft (336 N⋅m) @ 3200 rpm
2007–2008	Saturn Outlook XR dual exhaust	275 hp (205 kW; 279 PS) @ 6600 rpm	251 lb⋅ft (340 N⋅m) @ 3200 rpm
2008	Buick Enclave	275 hp (205 kW; 279 PS) @ 6600 rpm	251 lb⋅ft (340 N⋅m) @ 3200 rpm
2008–2012	Chevrolet Malibu	252 hp (188 kW; 255 PS) @ 6300 rpm	251 lb⋅ft (340 N⋅m) @ 3200 rpm
2008–2009	Chevrolet Equinox Sport	264 hp (197 kW; 268 PS) @ 6500 rpm	250 lb⋅ft (339 N⋅m) @ 2300 rpm
2008–2009	Pontiac G6 GXP	252 hp (188 kW; 255 PS) @ 6300 rpm	251 lb⋅ft (340 N⋅m) @ 3200 rpm
2008–2009	Pontiac G8	256 hp (191 kW; 260 PS) @ 6300 rpm	248 lb⋅ft (336 N⋅m) @ 2100 rpm
2008–2009	Pontiac Torrent GXP	264 hp (197 kW; 268 PS) @ 6500 rpm	250 lb⋅ft (339 N⋅m) @ 2300 rpm
2008–2009	Saturn Vue XR / Red Line	257 hp (192 kW; 261 PS) @ 6500 rpm	248 lb⋅ft (336 N⋅m) @ 2100 rpm
2007-2009	Suzuki XL-7	252 hp (188 kW; 255 PS) at 6500 rpm	243 lb⋅ft (329 N⋅m) at 2300 rpm

LLT

The 3.6 L (3,564 cc) LLT is a direct injected version based on the earlier LY7 engine. It was first unveiled in May 2006, and the DI version was claimed to have 15% greater power, 8% greater torque, and 3% better fuel economy than its port-injected counterpart. The LLT engine has a compression ratio of 11.3:1, and has been certified by the SAE to produce 302 hp (225 kW; 306 PS) at 6300 rpm and 272 lb⋅ft (369 N⋅m) of torque at 5200 rpm on regular unleaded (87 octane) gasoline. This engine debuted on the 2008 Cadillac STS and CTS.^[8][9] GM used a LLT in all 2009 Lambda-derived crossover SUVs to allow class-leading fuel economy in light of the new Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards. In the Lambdas, LLT engine produces 288 hp (215 kW; 292 PS) and 270 lb⋅ft (366 N⋅m) of torque.^[10][11][12]

Applications:

Year(s)	Model	Power	Torque	Dyno chart
2008–2011	Cadillac CTS	304 hp (227 kW; 308 PS) @ 6400 rpm	273 lb⋅ft (370 N⋅m) @ 5200 rpm
2008–2011	Cadillac STS	302 hp (225 kW; 306 PS) @ 6300 rpm	272 lb⋅ft (369 N⋅m) @ 5200 rpm
2009–2017	Buick Enclave	288 hp (215 kW; 292 PS) @ 6300 rpm	270 lb⋅ft (366 N⋅m) @ 3400 rpm	2016 link
2009–2017	Chevrolet Traverse single exhaust	281 hp (210 kW; 285 PS) @ 6300 rpm	266 lb⋅ft (361 N⋅m) @ 3400 rpm	2016 link (red)
2009–2017	Chevrolet Traverse dual exhaust	288 hp (215 kW; 292 PS) @ 6300 rpm	270 lb⋅ft (366 N⋅m) @ 3400 rpm	2016 link (blue)
2009–2016	GMC Acadia	288 hp (215 kW; 292 PS)	270 lb⋅ft (366 N⋅m)	2016 link
2009	Saturn Outlook single exhaust	281 hp (210 kW; 285 PS) @ 6300 rpm	266 lb⋅ft (361 N⋅m) @ 3400 rpm
2009	Saturn Outlook dual exhaust	288 hp (215 kW; 292 PS) @ 6300 rpm	270 lb⋅ft (366 N⋅m) @ 3400 rpm
2009–2011	Daewoo Veritas
2009–2011	Holden VE Commodore SV6	281 hp (210 kW; 285 PS) @ 6400 rpm	258 lb⋅ft (350 N⋅m) @ 2900 rpm
2009–2011	Holden WM Statesman/Caprice	281 hp (210 kW; 285 PS) @ 6400 rpm	258 lb⋅ft (350 N⋅m) @ 2900 rpm
2010–2011	Buick LaCrosse CXS	280 hp (209 kW; 284 PS) @ 6400 rpm	259 lb⋅ft (351 N⋅m) @ 5200 rpm
2010-2011	Chevrolet Camaro	312 hp (233 kW; 316 PS) @ 6400 rpm	278 lb⋅ft (377 N⋅m) @ 5200 rpm
2010–2011	Cadillac SLS (China)	307 hp (229 kW; 311 PS) @ 6400 rpm	276 lb⋅ft (374 N⋅m) @ 5200 rpm

LFX

The LFX is an enhanced version of the LLT engine developed jointly by Holden and Cadillac. Introduced in the MY2012 Holden Commodore SV6/Z and the MY2012 Chevrolet Camaro LS/LT, it is 20.5 pounds (9.3 kg) lighter than the LLT, due to a redesigned cylinder head and integrated exhaust manifold, and composite intake manifold. Other components like the fuel injectors, intake valves, and fuel pump have also been updated. They also included the addition of Cam Phasing Variable Valve Timing. Power and torque are up slightly from the LLT. The compression ratio is 11.5:1. The LFX also features E85 flex-fuel capability.

Applications:

Year(s)	Model	Power	Torque	Dyno chart
2012–2016	Buick LaCrosse	303 hp (226 kW; 307 PS) @ 6800 rpm	264 lb⋅ft (358 N⋅m) @ 5300 rpm	link
2013–2015	Cadillac ATS	321 hp (239 kW; 325 PS) @ 6800 rpm	274 lb⋅ft (371 N⋅m) @ 4800 rpm	link
2012–2014	Cadillac CTS (2014 Wagon & Coupe only)	318 hp (237 kW; 322 PS) @ 6800 rpm	275 lb⋅ft (373 N⋅m) @ 4900 rpm	link
2014–2015	Cadillac CTS (2014 Sedan only)	321 hp (239 kW; 325 PS) @ 6800 rpm	275 lb⋅ft (373 N⋅m) @ 4900 rpm	link
2012–2016	Cadillac SRX	308 hp (230 kW; 312 PS) @ 6800 rpm	265 lb⋅ft (359 N⋅m) @ 2400 rpm	link
2013–2019	Cadillac XTS	304 hp (227 kW; 308 PS) @ 6800 rpm	264 lb⋅ft (358 N⋅m) @ 5200 rpm	link
2012–2015	Chevrolet Camaro	323 hp (241 kW; 327 PS) @ 6800 rpm	278 lb⋅ft (377 N⋅m) @ 4800 rpm	link
2012–2017	Chevrolet Caprice PPV	301 hp (224 kW; 305 PS) @ 6700 rpm	265 lb⋅ft (359 N⋅m) @ 4800 rpm	link
2015–2016	Chevrolet Colorado	305 hp (227 kW; 309 PS) @ 6800 rpm	269 lb⋅ft (365 N⋅m) @ 4000 rpm	link
	GMC Canyon			link
2013–2017	Chevrolet Equinox	301 hp (224 kW; 305 PS) @ 6500 rpm	272 lb⋅ft (369 N⋅m) @ 4800 rpm	link
2012–2016	Chevrolet Impala	302 hp (225 kW; 306 PS) @ 6500 rpm	262 lb⋅ft (355 N⋅m) @ 5300 rpm
2014–2020	Chevrolet Impala	305 hp (227 kW; 309 PS) @ 6500 rpm	262 lb⋅ft (355 N⋅m) @ 5300 rpm	link
2013–2017	GMC Terrain	301 hp (224 kW; 305 PS) @ 6500 rpm	272 lb⋅ft (369 N⋅m) @ 4800 rpm	link
2011–2015	Holden Caprice	281 hp (210 kW; 285 PS) @ 6700 rpm	258 lb⋅ft (350 N⋅m) @ 2800 rpm
2011–2013	Holden Commodore VE II (MY 2012)	281 hp (210 kW; 285 PS) @ 6700 rpm	258 lb⋅ft (350 N⋅m) @ 2800 rpm
2013–2017	Holden Commodore VF	281 hp (210 kW; 285 PS) @ 6700 rpm	258 lb⋅ft (350 N⋅m) @ 2800 rpm

LWR

The LWR is dedicated LPG 3.6-liter engine. Introduced in the MY2012 Holden Commodore, Based on the 3.6-litre LY7 engine, the LWR had a vapour injection system. The vapour injection system injected gas directly into the air intake runner, thereby preventing excess gas from circulating through the air intake system. Although liquid LPG injection generally produces more power, Holden justified vapour injection on the grounds of lower fuel consumption, lower CO₂ emissions, reduced pumping and parasitic losses, and start-up reliability in hot weather.

The dedicated LPG LWR engine produced peak power and torque of 180 kW (245 PS; 241 hp) at 6000 rpm and 320 N⋅m (236 lb⋅ft) at 2000 rpm. The LWR engine was mated to GM's six-speed 6L45 automatic transmission and, over the combined ADR 81/02 test cycle, the Commodore Omega achieved fuel consumption of 11.8 L/100 km (24 mpg_‑imp; 19.9 mpg_‑US) – an improvement of 1.6 L/100 km (180 mpg_‑imp; 150 mpg_‑US) compared to its dual fuel LW2 predecessor. Furthermore, the LWR engine exceeded Euro 6 emissions standards.

• Specially hardened valves and valve seats.
• A redesigned cylinder head and manifold for improved air flow.
• Variable exhaust valve timing (the LW2 engine only had variable intake valve timing)
• Specially-developed fuel injectors.
• New pistons with pentroof-style centre-domes and valve eyelets for a higher compression ratio of 12.2:1 (compared to 10.2:1 for the dual fuel engine).
• A new fuel rail and a new LPG fuel filter.

Applications:

Year(s)	Model	Power	Torque	Dyno chart
2012–2013	Holden Commodore VE II (MY 2012)	241 hp (180 kW; 244 PS) @ 6000 rpm	236 lb⋅ft (320 N⋅m) @ 2000 rpm
2013–2015	Holden Commodore VF	241 hp (180 kW; 244 PS) @ 6000 rpm	236 lb⋅ft (320 N⋅m) @ 2000 rpm
2012–2015	Holden Caprice	241 hp (180 kW; 244 PS) @ 6000 rpm	236 lb⋅ft (320 N⋅m) @ 2000 rpm

LCS

The 3.6 L (3,564 cc) LCS is derived from the direct-injected LLT for use in hybrids, using the two-mode system.^[13] Differences from the LLT include a slightly lower compression ratio, 11.3:1, and lower power and torque peaks. It was to debut in the 2009 Saturn Vue Hybrid, where it would make 262 hp (195 kW; 266 PS) at 6100 rpm and 250 lb⋅ft (339 N⋅m) of torque at 4800 rpm.^[14] Fuel economy 6–8 km/L (17–23 mpg_‑imp; 14–19 mpg_‑US) in city, 9–11 km/L (25–31 mpg_‑imp; 21–26 mpg_‑US) on highway Applications:

• 2009 Saturn Vue Hybrid [product canceled]

LF3

The 3.6 L twin-turbocharged version for the 2014 Cadillac CTS and 2014 Cadillac XTS was announced at the 2013 NYAS.^[15]

The engine is rated at 420 hp (313 kW; 426 PS) of power at 5750 rpm and 430 lb⋅ft (583 N⋅m) of torque at 3500-4500 rpm (with 90% of torque being available at 2500-5500 rpm) and helps the CTS achieve 0–60 mph (0–97 km/h) time of 4.6 seconds with an 8-speed automatic transmission.

In essence, the twin-turbo 3.6L V6 is the forced-induction variant of the popular LFX V6 found in the Cadillac ATS, XTS, and SRX, among many other GM models, with several important upgrades, including:

• All-new cylinder block casting
• All-new cylinder head castings
• Strengthened connecting rods
• Forged steel crankshaft
• Continuously variable valve timing
• Large 38.3 mm (1.51 in) intake valves and 30.6 mm (1.20 in) sodium-filled exhaust valves
• Machined, domed aluminum pistons with top steel ring carrier for greater strength
• 10.2:1 compression ratio
• Patented, integrated charge air cooler system with low-volume air ducts
• Twin-turbochargers produce more than 12 psi (83 kPa)
• Vacuum-actuated wastegates with electronic control valves
• All-new direct injection fuel system
• Tuned air inlet and outlet resonators, aluminum cam covers and other features that contribute to exceptional quietness and smoothness

Applications:

Year(s)	Model	Power	Torque	Dyno chart
2014–2019	Cadillac XTS	404 hp (301 kW; 410 PS) @ 6000 rpm	369 lb⋅ft (500 N⋅m) @ 1900-5600 rpm	link
2014–2019	Cadillac CTS	420 hp (313 kW; 426 PS) @ 5750 rpm	430 lb⋅ft (583 N⋅m) @ 3500-4500 rpm	link

LF4

The LF4 is a higher-performance variant of the LF3 for use in the Cadillac ATS-V. Changes to the LF3 include:

• Turbochargers with low-inertia titanium-aluminide turbines and vacuum-actuated wastegates for more responsive torque production
• Compressors matched for peak efficiency at peak power levels, for optimal track performance
• Patent-pending low-volume charge-cooling system that optimizes packaging efficiency and maximizes boost pressure
• Lightweight titanium connecting rods that reduce inertia of the rotating assembly, complementing the quick-spooling turbochargers^[16]
• Peak boost increased to 18 psi (1.2 bar), from 12 psi (0.83 bar)
• Higher-flow fuel injectors
• Oil pan baffling for better oil flow at high cornering speeds^[17]

Applications:

Year(s)	Model	Power	Torque	Dyno chart
2016–2019	Cadillac ATS-V, Cadillac ATS-V Coupe	464 hp (346 kW; 470 PS) @ 5850 RPM	445 lb⋅ft (603 N⋅m) @ 3500 RPM	2016 link
2022–present	Cadillac CT4-V Blackwing	472 hp (352 kW; 479 PS)	445 lb⋅ft (603 N⋅m)

LFR

The LFR is a bi-fuel variant of the LFX, although multi-point fuel injection is used for both the gasoline and CNG instead of direct-injection.

Applications:

Year(s)	Model	Power	Torque	Dyno chart
2015–2017	Chevrolet Impala Bi-Fuel	CNG 232 hp (173 kW; 235 PS) @ 6000 RPM	CNG 218 lb⋅ft (296 N⋅m) @ 5200 RPM	2016 CNG link
		Gasoline 258 hp (192 kW; 262 PS) @ 5900 RPM	Gasoline 244 lb⋅ft (331 N⋅m) @ 4800 RPM	2016 Gas link

LFY

The LFY is similar to the LFX, but adds stop-start technology and has improved airflow.^[18]

Applications:

Year(s)	Model	Power	Torque	Dyno chart
2018–	Buick Enclave	310 hp (231 kW; 314 PS) @ 6800 rpm	266 lb⋅ft (361 N⋅m) @ 2800 rpm
2018–	Chevrolet Traverse	310 hp (231 kW; 314 PS) @ 6800 rpm	266 lb⋅ft (361 N⋅m) @ 2800 rpm

Fourth generation

Starting with 2016 Cadillac models a new generation of High Feature V6s were developed.^[19] These new engines have redesigned block architectures with bore centers increased from 103 mm (4.055 in) on prior HFV6 engines to 106 mm (4.173 in) and a redesigned cooling system to target the hottest areas while also facilitating faster warm-up. They also incorporate engine start-stop technology, cylinder-deactivation, 2-stage oil pumps, and updated variable valve timing featuring intermediate park technology for late-intake valve closure. Both engines debuted in the 2016 Cadillac CT6.^[20]

3.0 L

LGW

Bore and stroke of 86 mm × 85.8 mm (3.39 in × 3.38 in) are used, along with a 9.8:1 compression ratio and twin turbos with titanium-aluminide turbine wheels. Maximum engine speed is 6500 RPM. Premium unleaded fuel is required.

Applications:

Year(s)	Model	Power	Torque	Dyno chart
2016–2019	Cadillac CT6	404 hp (301 kW; 410 PS) @ 5700 RPM	400 lb⋅ft (542 N⋅m) @ 2500-5100 RPM

LGY

Bore and stroke of 86 mm × 85.8 mm (3.39 in × 3.38 in) are used, along with a 9.8:1 compression ratio and twin turbos with titanium-aluminide turbine wheels. Maximum engine speed is 6500 RPM. Premium unleaded fuel is required.

Applications:

Year(s)	Model	Power	Torque	Dyno chart
2020–present	Cadillac CT5	335 hp (250 kW; 340 PS) @ 5600 RPM	405 lb⋅ft (549 N⋅m) @ 2400-4400 RPM
		V: 360 hp (268 kW; 365 PS) @ 5600 RPM	V: 405 lb⋅ft (549 N⋅m) @ 2400-4400 RPM

3.6 L

LGX

Along with the increased bore spacing, the new 3.6 L DI V6 has larger bores than before, growing from 94 mm (3.701 in) to 95 mm (3.740 in) with the same 85.8 mm (3.378 in) stroke as the 3.0L LGW, for a displacement of 3.6 L (3,649 cc). Intake and exhaust valves are also increased in size along with other changes to the cylinder head.^[21] The only part shared with the prior generation is the hydraulic lash adjusters in the valvetrain.^[22] The LGX was benchmarked against the 3.7L VQ37VHR of the 2015 Infiniti Infiniti Q40.^[22] Compression ratio is 11.5:1 and maximum engine speed is 7200 RPM.

The LGX was on Ward's 10 Best Engines for 2016.^[23]

Applications:

Year(s)	Model	Power	Torque	Dyno chart
2016–2019	Cadillac ATS	335 hp (250 kW; 340 PS) @ 6800 RPM	285 lb⋅ft (386 N⋅m) @ 5300 RPM	2016 link
2016–2019	Cadillac CT6	335 hp (250 kW; 340 PS) @ 6800 RPM	284 lb⋅ft (385 N⋅m) @ 5300 RPM	2016 link
2016–2019	Cadillac CTS	335 hp (250 kW; 340 PS) @ 6800 RPM	285 lb⋅ft (386 N⋅m) @ 5300 RPM	2016 link
2016–present	Chevrolet Camaro	335 hp (250 kW; 340 PS) @ 6800 RPM	284 lb⋅ft (385 N⋅m) @ 5300 RPM	2016 link
2017–2019	Buick LaCrosse	310 hp (231 kW; 314 PS) @ 6800 RPM	282 lb⋅ft (382 N⋅m) @ 5200 RPM
2018–2020	Buick Regal GS	310 hp (231 kW; 314 PS) @ 6800 RPM	282 lb⋅ft (382 N⋅m) @ 5200 RPM
2018–2020	Holden Commodore	315 hp (235 kW; 319 PS) @ 6800 RPM	281 lb⋅ft (381 N⋅m) @ 5200 RPM
2017–present	Cadillac XT5	310 hp (231 kW; 314 PS) @ 6600 RPM	271 lb⋅ft (367 N⋅m) @ 5000 RPM
2017–present	GMC Acadia	310 hp (231 kW; 314 PS) @ 6600 RPM	271 lb⋅ft (367 N⋅m) @ 5000 RPM
2019–present	Chevrolet Blazer	308 hp (230 kW; 312 PS) @ 6600 RPM	269 lb⋅ft (365 N⋅m) @ 5000 RPM
2020–present	Cadillac XT6	310 hp (231 kW; 314 PS) @ 6600 RPM	271 lb⋅ft (367 N⋅m) @ 5000 RPM

LGZ

The LGZ is a variant of the LGX designed for pickup truck use.^[24][25]

Applications:

Year(s)	Model	Power	Torque	Dyno chart
2017–2022	GMC Canyon	308 hp (230 kW; 312 PS) @ 6800 RPM	275 lb⋅ft (373 N⋅m) @ 4000 RPM
	Chevrolet Colorado

7.2L V12

On March 21, 2007 AutoWeek reported that GM was planning to develop a 60-degree V12 based on this engine family to power the top version of Cadillac's upcoming flagship sedan. This Cadillac would essentially have had two 3.6 L High Feature V6s attached crankshaft-to-crankshaft and would have featured high-end technologies including direct injection and cylinder deactivation. If this engine would have been developed, it would have displaced 7.2 liters, and produced approximately 600 hp (447 kW; 608 PS) and 540 lb⋅ft (732 N⋅m) of torque. Development of the engine was reportedly being conducted in Australia by Holden.^[26]

In August, 2008, GM announced that development of the V12 had been cancelled.^[27]

Timing chain issues

Mainly earlier production 2.8, 3.0, 3.2, and 3.6 liter engines with the three chain design suffered from premature timing chain failures due to a faulty PCV system and extended oil change intervals. Most of the problems occurred on pre LFX engines.^[28]

Holden High Feature engine

Holden sold a HFV6 engine under the name Alloytec. The High Feature moniker on the Holden produced engine is reserved for the twin cam phasing high output version. The block was designed to be expandable from 2.8 L to 4.0 L. High Feature V6 engines were previously produced in Fishermans Bend, Port Melbourne, Australia and remain in production at the following four manufacturing locations: St. Catharines Engine Plant, St. Catharines, Canada; Flint Engine South in Flint, Michigan, United States; Romulus Engine Plant in Romulus, MI and Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, Mexico. The assembly lines for the St. Catharines and Flint facilities were manufactured by Hirata Corporation at their powertrain facility in Kumamoto, Japan. Most of the designs of this motor happened in Flint. They were first produced for the Cadillac range.^{[citation needed]} The engine block and cylinder heads are cast at Defiance Foundry in Defiance, Ohio.

See also

• List of GM engines
• GM High Value engine
• GM Ultra Engine

References

1. "GM Media Online: GM Canada English". Archives.media.gm.com. Retrieved 2010-11-06.
2. "Cadillac SRX Turbo Model Axed". GM Inside News. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
3. "New Saab 9-4X: Powertrain". Saab Media Online. Retrieved 2011-01-02.^{[permanent dead link]}
4. Abuelsamid, Sam (2009-01-04). "Detroit Preview: 2010 Cadillac SRX reborn". autoblog.com. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
5. "Press Kits". Media.gm.com. Retrieved 2022-03-29.
6. "Holden's new Alloytec engine may chew as much fuel as the engine it replaces". goauto.com.au. Retrieved 2009-06-23.
7. "GM News - United States - News". Media.gm.com. 2010-11-01. Retrieved 2010-11-06.
8. Hellwig, Ed (2007-01-08). . edmunds.com. Archived from the original on 2008-03-18. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
9. Brennan, Reilly (2007-05-08). "Cadillac Ups STS Horsepower Rating To 302". nextautos.com. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
10. . Eogld.ecomm.gm.com. Archived from the original on 2009-02-23. Retrieved 2010-11-06.
11. . Eogld.ecomm.gm.com. Archived from the original on 2009-02-21. Retrieved 2010-11-06.
12. . Eogld.ecomm.gm.com. Archived from the original on 2009-02-23. Retrieved 2010-11-06.
13. . Eogld.ecomm.gm.com. Archived from the original on 2009-02-21. Retrieved 2010-11-06.
14. http://media.gm.com/us/powertrain/en/product_services/2009a/HPT%20Library/HFV6/2009%2036L%20Hybrid_SAE.pdf^{[dead link]}
15. "Cadillac Twin-Turbo Debuts in All-New 2014 CTS Sedan". Media.gm.com. 2013-03-18. Retrieved 2022-03-29.
16. "Cadillac ATS-V Expands Lineup, Intensifies Passion". GM Media USA. GM. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
17. "2016 Cadillac ATS-V Coupe and Sedan: 455 M3-Baiting Horsepower!". Car & Driver. Car & Driver. 18 November 2014. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
18. "GM 3.6 Liter V6 LFY Engine". 19 April 2017.
19. "All-New, Advanced 3.6L V-6 to Drive Cadillac CT6". 20 March 2015. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
20. "Cadillac Next-Gen V-6 Engines Led by 3.0L Twin Turbo". GM Media USA. GM. 20 March 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
21. "All-New, Advanced 3.6L V-6 to Drive Cadillac CT6". Cadillac Media USA. Cadillac Media USA. 20 March 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2015.
22. "GM Powertrain Shows Love for 6-Pack". 9 November 2015.
23. . Archived from the original on 2015-12-15.
24. "2017 GM VIN Card" (PDF).^{[permanent dead link]}
25. "Chevrolet Colorado Resets the Bar for Midsize Segment". Media.chevrolet.com. 2016-08-26. Retrieved 2022-03-29.
26. "AutoWeek Breaks Major Cadillac News in March 26 Issue" (Press release). prnewswire.com. 2007-03-21. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
27. "Cadillac cancels plans for V12 XLKS flagship sedan". autospies.com. 2008-08-21. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
28. "MOTOR".

External links

 

Wikimedia Commons has media related to General Motors High Feature engine.

• Technical article from AutoSpeed
• GM Unveils New Direct Injection V-6 - Ward's Auto World
• WebWombat article
• http://www.gminsidenews.com/index.php?page=Engine_Guide
• http://www.chevrolet.com/impala-4-door-sedan.html