Garam Chashma (literally: Hot Spring) is one of the many branch valleys of Chitral District, situated in the extreme north-west of Pakistan.[1] It is one of the highest human settlements in the Hindukush ranges with an altitude of almost 2550 meters (8389 feet). The place is known for its hot spring, which is one of the tourist attraction sites. It is also famous for its trout fish. The water flowing down through the length of the valley is famous for fishing sports. The Lotkoh River (Garam Chashma River) running down from the lofty peaks of the Hindu Kush is most suitable for the brown type of trout fish. Other features of the area include snow-covered peaks, pleasant weather, and natural springs, and more recently, has remained in the limelight for being a potential site of hydropower generation.[2] Besides tourists, people suffering from skin diseases also visit the hot spring for treatment (not proven scientifically).[3] It is located in the northwest of Chitral at a distance of about forty-eight kilometres by road.[1] It shares international borders with Afghanistan being situated in the extreme northwest of Pakistan. Dorāh Pass (14,940 feet [4,554 metres) connects this part of Pakistan with Badakhshan, the adjacent province of Afghanistan.[4][5]
The spring water emerges from underground sulfur deposits making its temperature rise above boiling point. For the same reason, the spring is also known as Sulphur Spring.[3] The spring is the warmest in the westward extension of the Himalayan Geothermal Belt. It emerges from leucogranites of the Hindu Kush Range that date from 20–18 Ma. Reservoir temperatures may be as high as 260 °C (500 °F). It is not clear whether the circulation of deep groundwater in this region is driven by topography or by tectonic lateral stress.[6]
Demographyedit
The Khowar is the official language spoken in this valley. The population of Garam Chashma is approximately 50,000 people. Since the last census in Pakistan was conducted in 1998, there is no precise source of information in this regard. The male-to-female ratio is almost 50-50. Almost 60 percent of the population is young people. The majority religion in Garam Chashma is IsmailiShi'iteIslam and adherence to the Aga Khan is widespread.
Languagesedit
Khowar is the main language spoken and understood by the majority of the population.[7] The second most spoken language is Yidgha, an Iranian language spoken by a few thousand people in Parabeg valley.[8] An small number of people, in Gobor Valley, also speak Sheikhan-War, a dialect spoken in the Nuristan province of Afghanistan.
Gobor Valley
In addition, many people understand and some can even speak Persian. This is due to the influence of Nasir Khisraw, the eleventh-century poet and philosopher.[9] One of his disciples had come to this part of the region and settled here permanently. He preached the Ismaili thought, hence marking the dawn of Ismailism in this part of the world.[10] More recently, the neighbouring country, Afghanistan, was involved in the war with the USSR and as a result, a huge influx of refugees fled to this area. Since Garam Chashma was easily accessible from Badakhshan, many Afghans chose to stay and some of the refugees are still living here. This interaction with Dari speakers refreshed the memories associated with Persian.
Educational institutionsedit
Aga Khan Schools (A network of schools from ECD-High School, spread across the area)
Government Higher Secondary School Garam Chashma
Government Higher Secondary School for Women, Izh, Garam Chashma
Community Based Degree College for Women Ovirk, Garam Chashma
Government High School Ovirk, Garam Chashma
Government Primary and Middle School (a network of schools spread across the area)
Pamir Public School and College, Garam Chashma[11]
Al-Nasir Community Based School, Garam Chashma
Chamber of Commerce College, Garam Chashma
Injigan Ideal Public school, Garam Chashma. (Sardar Gulab)
Government high school for girls Murdan
Community school Shagrm (Murdan)
Government high school Parabag for boys
Injigan Ideal Public school Chitral, Garamchashma.
Referencesedit
^ abTahir Jahangir (24 February 2005). A Travel Companion to the Northern Areas of Pakistan. USA: Oxford University Press. pp. 52, 57, 63. ISBN978-0195799699.
^Mirza, Sana (2 May 2016). "www.jaag.tv". www.zemtv.com. www.zemtv.com. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
^ abZahiruddin (7 March 2011). "Chitral's Garam Chashma popular for its healing touch". Dawn. Retrieved 2 November 2012.
^electricpulp.com. "CHITRAL – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 13 May 2016.
^Hochstein, M.P.; Regenauer-Lieb, K. (July 1998). "Heat generation associated with the collision of two plates: the Himalayan geothermal belt". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 83 (1–2): 75. Bibcode:1998JVGR...83...75H. doi:10.1016/s0377-0273(98)00018-3.
^"Khowar language, alphabet and pronunciation". www.omniglot.com. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
^"Khusraw, Nasir | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy". www.iep.utm.edu. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
^"Ismaili Philosophy | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy". www.iep.utm.edu. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
^"Pamir Public School & College". www.pamir.edu.pk. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
“Concise Biological Glance on Garamchishma Hot Spring” 14 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Aftab Khan, Pakistan Medical Research Council, Khyber Medical College Peshawar
garam, chashma, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, december, 2. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Garam Chashma news newspapers books scholar JSTOR December 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message Garam Chashma literally Hot Spring is one of the many branch valleys of Chitral District situated in the extreme north west of Pakistan 1 It is one of the highest human settlements in the Hindukush ranges with an altitude of almost 2550 meters 8389 feet The place is known for its hot spring which is one of the tourist attraction sites It is also famous for its trout fish The water flowing down through the length of the valley is famous for fishing sports The Lotkoh River Garam Chashma River running down from the lofty peaks of the Hindu Kush is most suitable for the brown type of trout fish Other features of the area include snow covered peaks pleasant weather and natural springs and more recently has remained in the limelight for being a potential site of hydropower generation 2 Besides tourists people suffering from skin diseases also visit the hot spring for treatment not proven scientifically 3 It is located in the northwest of Chitral at a distance of about forty eight kilometres by road 1 It shares international borders with Afghanistan being situated in the extreme northwest of Pakistan Dorah Pass 14 940 feet 4 554 metres connects this part of Pakistan with Badakhshan the adjacent province of Afghanistan 4 5 Garam Chashma گرم چشمہTownSpring in Garam ChashmaCountryPakistanStateKhyber PakhtunkhwaDistrictLower ChitralEstablished14 August 1947Government TypeMunicipal CorporationAreaMetric Total52 km2 20 sq mi Elevation2 550 m 8 370 ft Population 2003 Total50 000 Density960 km2 2 500 sq mi Languages SpokenKhowar PersianTime zoneUTC 5 PST Postal Code17130 0xxWebsitechitral wbr gov wbr pk Spring in Garam Chashma Contents 1 The Hot Spring 2 Demography 3 Languages 4 Educational institutions 5 ReferencesThe Hot Spring editThe spring water emerges from underground sulfur deposits making its temperature rise above boiling point For the same reason the spring is also known as Sulphur Spring 3 The spring is the warmest in the westward extension of the Himalayan Geothermal Belt It emerges from leucogranites of the Hindu Kush Range that date from 20 18 Ma Reservoir temperatures may be as high as 260 C 500 F It is not clear whether the circulation of deep groundwater in this region is driven by topography or by tectonic lateral stress 6 Demography editThe Khowar is the official language spoken in this valley The population of Garam Chashma is approximately 50 000 people Since the last census in Pakistan was conducted in 1998 there is no precise source of information in this regard The male to female ratio is almost 50 50 Almost 60 percent of the population is young people The majority religion in Garam Chashma is Ismaili Shi ite Islam and adherence to the Aga Khan is widespread Languages editKhowar is the main language spoken and understood by the majority of the population 7 The second most spoken language is Yidgha an Iranian language spoken by a few thousand people in Parabeg valley 8 An small number of people in Gobor Valley also speak Sheikhan War a dialect spoken in the Nuristan province of Afghanistan nbsp Gobor Valley In addition many people understand and some can even speak Persian This is due to the influence of Nasir Khisraw the eleventh century poet and philosopher 9 One of his disciples had come to this part of the region and settled here permanently He preached the Ismaili thought hence marking the dawn of Ismailism in this part of the world 10 More recently the neighbouring country Afghanistan was involved in the war with the USSR and as a result a huge influx of refugees fled to this area Since Garam Chashma was easily accessible from Badakhshan many Afghans chose to stay and some of the refugees are still living here This interaction with Dari speakers refreshed the memories associated with Persian Educational institutions editAga Khan Schools A network of schools from ECD High School spread across the area Government Higher Secondary School Garam Chashma Government Higher Secondary School for Women Izh Garam Chashma Community Based Degree College for Women Ovirk Garam Chashma Government High School Ovirk Garam Chashma Government Primary and Middle School a network of schools spread across the area Pamir Public School and College Garam Chashma 11 Al Nasir Community Based School Garam Chashma Chamber of Commerce College Garam Chashma Injigan Ideal Public school Garam Chashma Sardar Gulab Government high school for girls Murdan Community school Shagrm Murdan Government high school Parabag for boys Injigan Ideal Public school Chitral Garamchashma References edit a b Tahir Jahangir 24 February 2005 A Travel Companion to the Northern Areas of Pakistan USA Oxford University Press pp 52 57 63 ISBN 978 0195799699 Mirza Sana 2 May 2016 www jaag tv www zemtv com www zemtv com Retrieved 13 May 2016 a b Zahiruddin 7 March 2011 Chitral s Garam Chashma popular for its healing touch Dawn Retrieved 2 November 2012 electricpulp com CHITRAL Encyclopaedia Iranica www iranicaonline org Retrieved 13 May 2016 Hindu Kush mountains Asia Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved 5 June 2016 Hochstein M P Regenauer Lieb K July 1998 Heat generation associated with the collision of two plates the Himalayan geothermal belt Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 83 1 2 75 Bibcode 1998JVGR 83 75H doi 10 1016 s0377 0273 98 00018 3 Khowar language alphabet and pronunciation www omniglot com Retrieved 22 May 2016 Yadgha Retrieved 6 August 2018 Khusraw Nasir Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy www iep utm edu Retrieved 22 May 2016 Ismaili Philosophy Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy www iep utm edu Retrieved 22 May 2016 Pamir Public School amp College www pamir edu pk Retrieved 22 May 2016 Concise Biological Glance on Garamchishma Hot Spring Archived 14 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine Aftab Khan Pakistan Medical Research Council Khyber Medical College Peshawar 35 59 50 N 71 33 50 E 35 99722 N 71 56389 E 35 99722 71 56389 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Garam Chashma amp oldid 1209142271, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
