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Gadigal

January 09, 2024

The Gadigal, also spelled as Cadigal and Caddiegal,[1] are a group of Aboriginal people whose traditional lands are located in Gadi, on Dharug country, the location of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.[2]

Gadigal people
aka: Cadigal
Caddiegal (Tindale)[1]
Hierarchy
Language family:Pama–Nyungan
Language branch:Yuin-Kuric
Language group:Dharug
Group dialects:Cadigal
Area (approx. 700 km2 (270 sq mi)[1])
Bioregion:Sydney basin
Location:Eastern suburbs, Inner West, Port Jackson
Coordinates:33°50′S 151°5′E / 33.833°S 151.083°E / -33.833; 151.083[1]
RiversCooks, Parramatta
Other geological:Port Jackson
Notable individuals

The Gadigal originally inhabited the area that they call "Gadi", which lies south of Port Jackson, covering today's Sydney central business district and stretching from South Head across to Marrickville/Petersham with part of the southern boundary lying on the Cooks River; most notably Sydney Cove is located in Gadi, the site where the first Union Jack was raised, marking the beginning of colonisation. However, since colonisation and its subsequent spread, most Gadigal people have been displaced from their traditional lands.[3]

Philip Gidley King gave Long Cove as the western boundary[4] which lieutenant governor David Collins identified with present-day Darling Harbour.[5] Arthur Phillip in a letter to Lord Sydney in February 1790 also reported: "From the entrance of the harbour, along the south shore, to the cove adjoining this settlement the district is called Cadi, and the tribe Cadigal ; the women, Cadigalleon".[6]

The Gadigal are coastal people who were previously dependent on the harbour for providing most of their food whilst they were living in their traditional lands. They are one of seven clans from coastal Sydney who speak a common language and have become known as the Eora people. "Eora" refers to "people" or "of this place" in Dharug language. [7]

European history edit

Soon after his arrival at Port Jackson, Governor Arthur Phillip estimated the Aboriginal population of the area at around 1,500 people, although other estimates range from as low as 200 to as high as 4,000.[8] The Gadigal clan was estimated to have 50-80 people.[7]

The colonisation of the land by British settlers and the subsequent introduction of infectious diseases including smallpox decimated the local Dharug people and their neighbours. The disastrous 1789 smallpox epidemic was estimated to have killed about 53% of the local Dharug population,[9][a] and it was claimed that only three Gadigal people were left alive sometime in 1791, although archaeological evidence suggests that some Gadigal people may have escaped to the Concord area and settled there.[citation needed]

The former Marrickville Council area, now part of Inner West Council, is situated within Gadigal country and bordering Wangal country. In 1994 the Marrickville Aboriginal Consultative Committee was established and the committee established the Cadigal/Wangal peoples' website.[11][12]

Gadigal Elder Allen Madden estimates that several hundred Dharug people, including at least a hundred Gadigal people in his own family, live in Sydney today.[13][14]

Popular culture edit

Australian band Midnight Oil included a song "Gadigal Land" as a single in their The Makarrata Project mini-album project.[15] The song includes a verse written and spoken by Gadigal poet Joel Davison.[16] A statement from Sony Music Australia explained: "It is a provocative recount of what happened in this place, and elsewhere in Australia, since 1788".[17]

On 5 December 2020 at the international rugby union match between Australia and Argentina in Sydney, a version of the Australian national anthem was sung first in the Dharug language by Wiradjuri woman Olivia Fox and the Australian Wallabies, followed by the English version. However, this was against Cultural Protocols as no Dharug Elders or Community were consulted or authorised the sharing of their language with a non-Dharug singer. This was the first time the anthem had been sung in an Indigenous language at a Wallabies match.[18]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ This epidemic is unlikely to have been a natural event.(Warren 2013, pp. 68–86)[10]

Citations edit

  1. ^ a b c d Tindale 1974.
  2. ^ City of Sydney 2017.
  3. ^ Heiss & Gibson n.d.
  4. ^ An Historical Journal of the Transactions at Port Jackson and Norfolk Island, John Hunter, 1793
  5. ^ An Account of the English Colony In NSW, Vol 1., David Collins, 1798
  6. ^ Historical Records of New South Wales, Vol. I Part 2. - Phillip 1783-1792, Britton 1892
  7. ^ a b RBGS.
  8. ^ Camperdown.
  9. ^ Cumpston 1914.
  10. ^ "Smallpox epidemic". National Museum Australia. 13 April 2018. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
  11. ^ Marrickville Council.
  12. ^ Cadigal-Wangal.
  13. ^ Smyth 2009.
  14. ^ Newman 2017.
  15. ^ Maloon 2020.
  16. ^ Hocking 2020.
  17. ^ Brandle 2020.
  18. ^ ABC News 2020.

Sources edit

  • "Aboriginal histories". City of Sydney. 20 October 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  • "Australian national anthem sung in a First Nations language before Wallabies-Pumas rugby Test". ABC News. 5 December 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  • Brandle, Lars (7 August 2020). "Midnight Oil return with politically-charged "Gadigal Land": Stream it now". Billboard. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  • . University of Technology Sydney. Archived from the original on 31 August 2007. Retrieved 24 May 2007.
  • Cumpston, J. H. L. (1914). The History of Small-Pox in Australia, 1788-1908. Melbourne: Government Printer, Government of Australia.
  • Heiss, Anita; Gibson, Melodie-Jane (n.d.). "Aboriginal people and place". Barani: Sydney's Aboriginal History. City of Sydney. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  • Hocking, Rachael (7 August 2020). "The story behind the Gadigal poetry on Midnight Oil's latest track". NITV. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  • . Cadigal-Wangal Aboriginal Marrickville Website. Archived from the original on 19 May 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
  • . Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
  • Maloon, Natacha (7 August 2020). "Midnight Oil release their first new song in 20 years, "Gadigal Land"". 9Honey. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  • . Marrickville Council. Archived from the original on 19 May 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2014.
  • Newman, Martin (8 July 2017). "Gadigal people have a unique affinity with Sydney's harbour and lands". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
  • "Place names chart". Place names chart – The Australian Museum. Australian Museum. n.d. Retrieved 11 March 2021.
  • Smyth, Terry (15 February 2009). "First Contact: A Contemporary Aboriginal Perspective". The Sun Herald. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
  • "Sydney Cove / Warrane". Barani: Sydney's Aboriginal History. City of Sydney. n.d. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  • Tindale, Norman (1974). "Eora (NSW)". Aboriginal Tribes of Australia. South Australian Museum. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
  • Warren, Christopher (30 October 2013). "Smallpox at Sydney Cove – who, when, why?". Journal of Australian Studies. 38 (1): 68–86. doi:10.1080/14443058.2013.849750. ISSN 1444-3058. S2CID 143644513.

External links edit

  • "Gadigal people". Redfern Oral History. Retrieved 11 April 2017.

January 09, 2024
gadigal, also, spelled, cadigal, caddiegal, group, aboriginal, people, whose, traditional, lands, located, gadi, dharug, country, location, sydney, south, wales, australia, peopleaka, cadigal, caddiegal, tindale, hierarchylanguage, family, pama, nyunganlanguag. The Gadigal also spelled as Cadigal and Caddiegal 1 are a group of Aboriginal people whose traditional lands are located in Gadi on Dharug country the location of Sydney New South Wales Australia 2 Gadigal peopleaka Cadigal Caddiegal Tindale 1 HierarchyLanguage family Pama NyunganLanguage branch Yuin KuricLanguage group DharugGroup dialects CadigalArea approx 700 km2 270 sq mi 1 Bioregion Sydney basinLocation Eastern suburbs Inner West Port JacksonCoordinates 33 50 S 151 5 E 33 833 S 151 083 E 33 833 151 083 1 RiversCooks ParramattaOther geological Port JacksonNotable individualsThe Gadigal originally inhabited the area that they call Gadi which lies south of Port Jackson covering today s Sydney central business district and stretching from South Head across to Marrickville Petersham with part of the southern boundary lying on the Cooks River most notably Sydney Cove is located in Gadi the site where the first Union Jack was raised marking the beginning of colonisation However since colonisation and its subsequent spread most Gadigal people have been displaced from their traditional lands 3 Philip Gidley King gave Long Cove as the western boundary 4 which lieutenant governor David Collins identified with present day Darling Harbour 5 Arthur Phillip in a letter to Lord Sydney in February 1790 also reported From the entrance of the harbour along the south shore to the cove adjoining this settlement the district is called Cadi and the tribe Cadigal the women Cadigalleon 6 The Gadigal are coastal people who were previously dependent on the harbour for providing most of their food whilst they were living in their traditional lands They are one of seven clans from coastal Sydney who speak a common language and have become known as the Eora people Eora refers to people or of this place in Dharug language 7 Contents 1 European history 2 Popular culture 3 See also 4 Notes 4 1 Citations 5 Sources 6 External linksEuropean history editSoon after his arrival at Port Jackson Governor Arthur Phillip estimated the Aboriginal population of the area at around 1 500 people although other estimates range from as low as 200 to as high as 4 000 8 The Gadigal clan was estimated to have 50 80 people 7 The colonisation of the land by British settlers and the subsequent introduction of infectious diseases including smallpox decimated the local Dharug people and their neighbours The disastrous 1789 smallpox epidemic was estimated to have killed about 53 of the local Dharug population 9 a and it was claimed that only three Gadigal people were left alive sometime in 1791 although archaeological evidence suggests that some Gadigal people may have escaped to the Concord area and settled there citation needed The former Marrickville Council area now part of Inner West Council is situated within Gadigal country and bordering Wangal country In 1994 the Marrickville Aboriginal Consultative Committee was established and the committee established the Cadigal Wangal peoples website 11 12 Gadigal Elder Allen Madden estimates that several hundred Dharug people including at least a hundred Gadigal people in his own family live in Sydney today 13 14 Popular culture editAustralian band Midnight Oil included a song Gadigal Land as a single in their The Makarrata Project mini album project 15 The song includes a verse written and spoken by Gadigal poet Joel Davison 16 A statement from Sony Music Australia explained It is a provocative recount of what happened in this place and elsewhere in Australia since 1788 17 On 5 December 2020 at the international rugby union match between Australia and Argentina in Sydney a version of the Australian national anthem was sung first in the Dharug language by Wiradjuri woman Olivia Fox and the Australian Wallabies followed by the English version However this was against Cultural Protocols as no Dharug Elders or Community were consulted or authorised the sharing of their language with a non Dharug singer This was the first time the anthem had been sung in an Indigenous language at a Wallabies match 18 See also editAboriginal AustraliansNotes edit This epidemic is unlikely to have been a natural event Warren 2013 pp 68 86 10 Citations edit a b c d Tindale 1974 City of Sydney 2017 Heiss amp Gibson n d An Historical Journal of the Transactions at Port Jackson and Norfolk Island John Hunter 1793 An Account of the English Colony In NSW Vol 1 David Collins 1798 Historical Records of New South Wales Vol I Part 2 Phillip 1783 1792 Britton 1892 a b RBGS Camperdown Cumpston 1914 Smallpox epidemic National Museum Australia 13 April 2018 Retrieved 7 May 2023 Marrickville Council Cadigal Wangal Smyth 2009 Newman 2017 Maloon 2020 Hocking 2020 Brandle 2020 ABC News 2020 Sources edit Aboriginal histories City of Sydney 20 October 2017 Retrieved 10 March 2021 Australian national anthem sung in a First Nations language before Wallabies Pumas rugby Test ABC News 5 December 2020 Retrieved 10 March 2021 Brandle Lars 7 August 2020 Midnight Oil return with politically charged Gadigal Land Stream it now Billboard Retrieved 8 August 2020 Camperdown University of Technology Sydney Archived from the original on 31 August 2007 Retrieved 24 May 2007 Cumpston J H L 1914 The History of Small Pox in Australia 1788 1908 Melbourne Government Printer Government of Australia Heiss Anita Gibson Melodie Jane n d Aboriginal people and place Barani Sydney s Aboriginal History City of Sydney Retrieved 10 March 2021 Hocking Rachael 7 August 2020 The story behind the Gadigal poetry on Midnight Oil s latest track NITV Retrieved 8 August 2020 Home Cadigal Wangal Aboriginal Marrickville Website Archived from the original on 19 May 2014 Retrieved 19 May 2014 Indigenous Heritage Royal Botanic Garden Sydney Archived from the original on 24 September 2015 Retrieved 11 April 2017 Maloon Natacha 7 August 2020 Midnight Oil release their first new song in 20 years Gadigal Land 9Honey Retrieved 8 August 2020 Marrickville Aboriginal Consultative Committee MACC Marrickville Council Archived from the original on 19 May 2014 Retrieved 19 May 2014 Newman Martin 8 July 2017 Gadigal people have a unique affinity with Sydney s harbour and lands The Daily Telegraph Retrieved 10 February 2018 Place names chart Place names chart The Australian Museum Australian Museum n d Retrieved 11 March 2021 Smyth Terry 15 February 2009 First Contact A Contemporary Aboriginal Perspective The Sun Herald Retrieved 10 February 2018 Sydney Cove Warrane Barani Sydney s Aboriginal History City of Sydney n d Retrieved 10 March 2021 Tindale Norman 1974 Eora NSW Aboriginal Tribes of Australia South Australian Museum Retrieved 22 July 2017 Warren Christopher 30 October 2013 Smallpox at Sydney Cove who when why Journal of Australian Studies 38 1 68 86 doi 10 1080 14443058 2013 849750 ISSN 1444 3058 S2CID 143644513 External links edit Gadigal people Redfern Oral History Retrieved 11 April 2017 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Gadigal amp oldid 1193739888, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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