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Wiradjuri

November 18, 2023

This article is about the Indigenous Australian people. For the place, see Wiradjuri, New South Wales.
Not to be confused with the Wurundjeri people of the Yarra River Valley.

The Wiradjuri people (Wiradjuri northern dialect pronunciation [wiraːjd̪uːraj]; Wiradjuri southern dialect pronunciation [wiraːjɟuːraj]) are a group of Aboriginal Australian people from central New South Wales, united by common descent through kinship and shared traditions. They survived as skilled hunter-fisher-gatherers, in family groups or clans, and many still use knowledge of hunting and gathering techniques as part of their customary life.

Wiradjuri
Hierarchy
Language family:Pama–Nyungan
Language branch:Yuin–Kuric
Language group:Wiradhuric
Group dialects:Wiradjuri
Area (approx. 97,100 square kilometres (37,500 sq mi))
Bioregion:Central New South Wales
Location:Central New South Wales
Coordinates:33°50′S 147°30′E / 33.833°S 147.500°E / -33.833; 147.500[1]
RiversKalare (Lachlan), Wambuul Macquarie, Marrambidya (Murrumbidgee), Millewa (Murray)
Notable individuals
Windradyne, Linda Burney, Tai Tuivasa

In the 21st century, major Wiradjuri groups live in Condobolin, Peak Hill, Narrandera and Griffith. There are significant populations at Wagga Wagga and Leeton and smaller groups at West Wyalong, Parkes, Dubbo, Forbes, Cootamundra, Darlington Point, Cowra and Young.

Name edit

 
A Wiradjuri warrior, thought to be Windradyne[2]

The Wiradjuri autonym is derived from wiray, meaning "no" or "not", with the comitative suffix -dhuray or -dyuray meaning "having".[3] That the Wiradjuri said wiray, as opposed to some other word for "no", was seen as a distinctive feature of their speech, and several other tribes in New South Wales, to the west of the Great Dividing Range, are similarly named after their own words for "no".[4] A similar distinction was made between Romance languages in medieval France, with the langues d'oc and the langues d'oïl distinguished by their word for "yes".

In his book Aboriginal Tribes of Australia (1974), Norman Tindale wrote that Wiradjuri was one of several terms coined later, after the 1890s had seen a "rash of such terms", following the publication of a work by ethnologist John Fraser. In 1892, Fraser had published a revised and expanded edition[5] of Lancelot Threlkeld's 1834 work on the Awabakal language, An Australian Grammar,[6] in which he created his own names for groupings, such as Yunggai, Wachigari and Yakkajari.[5]

Tindale says that some of the later terms had entered the literature, although not based on fieldwork and lacking Aboriginal support, as artificial, collective names for his "Great Tribes" of New South Wales. He writes that there was such a "literary need for major groupings that [Fraser] set out to provide them for New South Wales, coining entirely artificial terms for his 'Great tribes'. These were not based on field research and lacked aboriginal support. His names such as Yunggai, Wachigari and Yakkajari can be ignored as artifacts...During the 1890s the idea spread and soon there was a rash of such terms...Some of these have entered, unfortunately, into popular literature, despite their dubious origins."[7]

He lists Wiradjuri (NSW) as one of these artificial names, along with Bangarang[a] (Pangerang) (Vic.); Booandik (Vic. & SA); Barkunjee (Barkindji) (NSW), Kurnai (Vic.), Thurrawal (Dharawal) (NSW), and Malegoondeet (?) (Vic.).[7][8] He also mentions R. H. Mathews, A. W. Howitt and John Mathew as promulgators of the "nations" concept. However, Tindale refers to Wiradjuri in his own work (p. 200): "Wiradjuri 'Wiradjuri (Wi'raduri)".[7][8]

Wiradjuri language edit

Main article: Wiradjuri language

Wiradjuri is a Pama–Nyungan family and classified as a member of the small Wiradhuric branch of Australian languages of Central New South Wales.[9]

The Wiradjuri language is effectively extinct, but attempts are underway to revive it, with a reconstructed grammar, based on earlier ethnographic materials and wordlists and the memories of Wiradjuri families, which is now used to teach the language in schools.[10] This reclamation work was originally propelled by elder Stan Grant and John Rudder who had previously studied Australian Aboriginal languages in Arnhem Land.[11][12]

Country edit

The Wiradjuri are the largest Aboriginal group in New South Wales. They once occupied a vast area in central New South Wales, on the plains running north and south to the west of the Blue Mountains. The area was known as "the land of the three rivers",[13] the Wambuul (Macquarie), the Kalare later known as the Lachlan and the Murrumbidgee, or Murrumbidjeri.[14]

Norman Tindale estimated the territorial range of the Wiradjuri tribal lands at 127,000 km2 (49,000 sq mi). Their eastern borders ran from north to south from above Mudgee, down to the foothills of the Blue Mountains east of Lithgow and Oberon, and east of Cowra, Young and Tumut and south to the upper Murray at Albury and east to about Tumbarumba. The southern border ran to Howlong. Its western reaches went along Billabong Creek to beyond Mossgiel. They extended southwest to the vicinity of Hay and Narrandera. Condobolin southwards to Booligal, Carrathool, Wagga Wagga, Cootamundra, Parkes, Trundle; Gundagai, Boorowa, and Rylstone, Wellington, and Carcoar all lay within Wiradjuri territory.[1]

The Murray River forms the Wiradjuri's southern boundary and the change from woodland to open grassland marks their eastern boundary.[citation needed]

Social organisation edit

The Wiradjuri were organised into bands. Norman Tindale quotes Alfred William Howitt as mentioning several of these local groups of the tribe:

  • Narrandera (prickly lizard)
  • Cootamundra (kuta-mundra, kutamun turtle)
  • Murranbulla (maring-bula, two bark canoes).[1]

Burial rite edit

The Wiradjuri, together with the Gamilaraay (who however used them in bora ceremonies), were particularly known for their use of carved trees which functioned as taphoglyphs,[15] marking the burial site of a notable medicine-man, ceremonial leader, warrior or orator of a tribe. On the death of a distinguished Wiradjuri, initiated men would strip the bark off a tree to allow them to incise symbols on the side of the trunk which faced the burial mound. The craftsmanship on remaining examples of this funeral artwork displays notable artistic power. Four still stand near Molong at the Grave of Yuranigh.

They are generally to be found near rivers where the softer earth allowed easier burial.[16] Alfred William Howitt remarked that these trees incised with taphoglyphs served both as transit points to allow mythological cultural heroes to ascend to, and descend from, the firmament as well as a means for the deceased to return to the sky.[15]

Lifestyle edit

The Wiradjuri diet included yabbies and fish such as Murray cod from the rivers. In dry seasons, they ate kangaroos, emus and food gathered from the land, including fruit, nuts, yam daisies (Microseris lanceolata), wattle seeds, and orchid tubers. The Wiradjuri travelled into Alpine areas in the summer to feast on Bogong moths.[17]

The Wiradjuri were also known for their handsome possum-skin cloaks stitched together from several possum furs. Governor Macquarie was presented with one of these cloaks by a Wiradjuri man when he visited Bathurst in 1815.[2]

British penetration edit

Wiradjuri territory was first penetrated by British colonists in 1813.[13] In 1822 George Suttor took up an extensive lot of land, later known as Brucedale Station, after Wiradjuri guides showed him an area with ample water sources. Suttor learnt their language, and befriended Windradyne, nicknamed "Saturday", and attributed conflict to the harshness of his own people's behaviour, since the Wiradjuri were in his view, fond of white people, as they would call them.[18] Clashes between the British settlers and the Wiradjuri however multiplied as the influx of colonist increased, and became known as the Bathurst Wars. The occupation of their lands and their cultivation began to cause famine among the Wiradjuri, who had a different notion of what constituted property.[b] In the 1850s there were still corroborees around Mudgee, but there were fewer clashes.

Notable people edit

Historical edit

  • William Punch, massacre survivor and World War One serviceman
  • Windradyne, important Aboriginal leader during the Bathurst War
  • Yuranigh, a much prized guide for the explorer Thomas Mitchell, especially during his expedition to the Gulf of Carpentaria in 1845–1846. On hearing of Yuranigh's death in 1852, Mitchell put up £200 to have his gravesite marked with a tombstone.[19]
  • Diana Mudgee, massacre survivor and early Aboriginal land owner

Modern edit

Music/the arts edit

Sporting edit

Rugby League edit

Australian rules football edit

Other sports edit

Places of significance edit

Wiradjuri culture in fiction edit

The short story Death in the Dawntime, originally published in The Mammoth Book of Historical Detectives (Mike Ashley, editor; 1995), is a murder mystery that takes place entirely among the Wiradjuri people before the arrival of Europeans in Australia.[39]

In Bryce Courtenay's novel Jessica, the plot is centred in Wiradjuri region. Jessica's best friend (Mary Simpson) was from Wiradjuri.[40]

Noel Beddoe's novel The Yalda Crossing[41] also explores Wiradjuri history from an early settler perspective, bringing to life a little-known massacre that occurred in the 1830s.[42] Andy Kissane's poem, "The Station Owner's Daughter, Narrandera" tells a story about the aftermath of that same massacre,[43] and was the inspiration for Alex Ryan's short film, Ngurrumbang.[44]

Alternative names edit

The variety of spellings for the name Wiradjuri is extensive, with over 60 ways of transcribing the word registered.[45]

Some words edit

  • guwandhaang 'native peach'. The English word for this in Australia, quandong, is thought to derive from the Wirandjuri term.[46]
  • wagga 'crow'. The Wiradjeri term perhaps lies behind the toponym for the town of Wagga Wagga. The reduplication may be a pluralizer suggesting the idea of "(place of) many crows". This has recently been questioned by Wiradjuri elder Stan Grant Sr and Tim Wess, an academic. The word behind the toponym is, they claim, waga, meaning "dance", and the reduplicative would mean "many dances/much dancing".[47]

Notes edit

  1. ^ R. H. Mathews' spelling
  2. ^ Suttor wrote: "These natives have some imperfect ideas of property, and the right of possession. They say all wild animals are theirs - the tame or cultivated ones are ours. Whatever springs spontaneously from the earth or without labour is theirs also. Things produced by art and labour, are the white fellows' as they call us." (Langton 2010, p. 37)

Citations edit

  1. ^ a b c Tindale 1974, p. 201.
  2. ^ a b Langton 2010, p. 33.
  3. ^ Donaldson 1984, p. 26.
  4. ^ Thieberger & McGregor 1994, pp. 79–80.
  5. ^ a b Ridley et al. 1892, pp. ix–x, +.
  6. ^ Threlkeld et al. 2008.
  7. ^ a b c Tindale & Jones 1974, pp. 156, 191, 200.
  8. ^ a b Tindale 1974.
  9. ^ Dixon 2002, p. xxxiv.
  10. ^ McNaboe & Poetsch 2010, pp. 216–224.
  11. ^ Rudder & Grant 2005.
  12. ^ Rudder & Grant 2010.
  13. ^ a b Langton 2010, p. 32.
  14. ^ Bamblett 2013, p. 40.
  15. ^ a b McCarthy 1940, pp. 161–166.
  16. ^ McCarthy 1940, p. 161.
  17. ^ Warrant et al. 2016, p. 77.
  18. ^ Langton 2010, pp. 35–36.
  19. ^ Pearce 2016.
  20. ^ Innes 2016.
  21. ^ AoY.
  22. ^ "Addo-Carr on track for NRL debut". NRL.com. 19 February 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2016.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "NRL 2020 Indigenous Player map" (PDF).
  24. ^ Indigenous Sport Month: Time for footy codes to create opportunity for Indigenous coaches by Jamie Pandaram and Lauren Wood for CodeSports 22 May 2023
  25. ^ "Addo-Carr, Hynes and Lee on Indigenous Round". Melbourne Storm. 30 July 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  26. ^ Bruce, Jasper (23 April 2021). "Latrell 'a leader in fight against racism'". The Australian. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  27. ^ "Remembering Ron Saddler: New South Wales' First Indigenous Captain". Sydney Roosters. 18 May 2023. from the original on 25 July 2023. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  28. ^ Rikki-Lee Arnold (18 May 2018). "Broncos young gun Kotoni Staggs to make NRL debut against Sydney Roosters". The Courier Mail. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  29. ^ Helmers, Caden (7 February 2017). "Canberra Raiders prop Junior Paulo suspended from round one of the NRL season". The Canberra Times.
  30. ^ a b "AFLPA indigenous player map 2017" (PDF).
  31. ^ Shirkie, Daniel (16 April 2019). "'One of the best': Wellington boxing royalty Wally Carr passes away". Wellington Times. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  32. ^ English, Peter (30 April 2010). "The man from Narrandera". CricInfo. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
  33. ^ Dee Jefferson (4 September 2019). "Tennis champion Evonne Goolagong Cawley celebrated in new Australian play". ABC News.
  34. ^ Skene, Patrick (14 July 2016). "The forgotten story of ... John Kinsela, the first Aboriginal Olympic wrestler". The Guardian (Australia). Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  35. ^ Ali Almond (3 September 2022). "UFC 209: Tai Tuivasa's Samoan tattoo journey one of worst, and best, experiences of his life". ABC News.
  36. ^ GoNSW 1996a.
  37. ^ Office of Environment and Heritage.
  38. ^ a b GoNSW 1996b.
  39. ^ MacIntyre 2001, p. 139.
  40. ^ Courtenay 2000.
  41. ^ Beddoe 2012.
  42. ^ Wilson 2012.
  43. ^ Kissane 1999, pp. 42–43.
  44. ^ Ngurrumbang 2013.
  45. ^ Thieberger & McGregor 1994, p. 80.
  46. ^ Clarke 2008, p. 53.
  47. ^ Owen 2016.

Sources edit

November 18, 2023
wiradjuri, this, article, about, indigenous, australian, people, place, south, wales, confused, with, wurundjeri, people, yarra, river, valley, people, northern, dialect, pronunciation, wiraːjd, uːraj, southern, dialect, pronunciation, wiraːjɟuːraj, group, abo. This article is about the Indigenous Australian people For the place see Wiradjuri New South Wales Not to be confused with the Wurundjeri people of the Yarra River Valley The Wiradjuri people Wiradjuri northern dialect pronunciation wiraːjd uːraj Wiradjuri southern dialect pronunciation wiraːjɟuːraj are a group of Aboriginal Australian people from central New South Wales united by common descent through kinship and shared traditions They survived as skilled hunter fisher gatherers in family groups or clans and many still use knowledge of hunting and gathering techniques as part of their customary life WiradjuriHierarchyLanguage family Pama NyunganLanguage branch Yuin KuricLanguage group WiradhuricGroup dialects WiradjuriArea approx 97 100 square kilometres 37 500 sq mi Bioregion Central New South WalesLocation Central New South WalesCoordinates 33 50 S 147 30 E 33 833 S 147 500 E 33 833 147 500 1 RiversKalare Lachlan Wambuul Macquarie Marrambidya Murrumbidgee Millewa Murray Notable individualsWindradyne Linda Burney Tai TuivasaIn the 21st century major Wiradjuri groups live in Condobolin Peak Hill Narrandera and Griffith There are significant populations at Wagga Wagga and Leeton and smaller groups at West Wyalong Parkes Dubbo Forbes Cootamundra Darlington Point Cowra and Young Contents 1 Name 2 Wiradjuri language 3 Country 4 Social organisation 4 1 Burial rite 5 Lifestyle 6 British penetration 7 Notable people 7 1 Historical 7 2 Modern 7 3 Music the arts 7 4 Sporting 7 4 1 Rugby League 7 5 Australian rules football 7 5 1 Other sports 8 Places of significance 9 Wiradjuri culture in fiction 10 Alternative names 11 Some words 12 Notes 12 1 Citations 13 SourcesName edit nbsp A Wiradjuri warrior thought to be Windradyne 2 The Wiradjuri autonym is derived from wiray meaning no or not with the comitative suffix dhuray or dyuray meaning having 3 That the Wiradjuri said wiray as opposed to some other word for no was seen as a distinctive feature of their speech and several other tribes in New South Wales to the west of the Great Dividing Range are similarly named after their own words for no 4 A similar distinction was made between Romance languages in medieval France with the langues d oc and the langues d oil distinguished by their word for yes In his book Aboriginal Tribes of Australia 1974 Norman Tindale wrote that Wiradjuri was one of several terms coined later after the 1890s had seen a rash of such terms following the publication of a work by ethnologist John Fraser In 1892 Fraser had published a revised and expanded edition 5 of Lancelot Threlkeld s 1834 work on the Awabakal language An Australian Grammar 6 in which he created his own names for groupings such as Yunggai Wachigari and Yakkajari 5 Tindale says that some of the later terms had entered the literature although not based on fieldwork and lacking Aboriginal support as artificial collective names for his Great Tribes of New South Wales He writes that there was such a literary need for major groupings that Fraser set out to provide them for New South Wales coining entirely artificial terms for his Great tribes These were not based on field research and lacked aboriginal support His names such as Yunggai Wachigari and Yakkajari can be ignored as artifacts During the 1890s the idea spread and soon there was a rash of such terms Some of these have entered unfortunately into popular literature despite their dubious origins 7 He lists Wiradjuri NSW as one of these artificial names along with Bangarang a Pangerang Vic Booandik Vic amp SA Barkunjee Barkindji NSW Kurnai Vic Thurrawal Dharawal NSW and Malegoondeet Vic 7 8 He also mentions R H Mathews A W Howitt and John Mathew as promulgators of the nations concept However Tindale refers to Wiradjuri in his own work p 200 Wiradjuri Wiradjuri Wi raduri 7 8 Wiradjuri language editMain article Wiradjuri language Wiradjuri is a Pama Nyungan family and classified as a member of the small Wiradhuric branch of Australian languages of Central New South Wales 9 The Wiradjuri language is effectively extinct but attempts are underway to revive it with a reconstructed grammar based on earlier ethnographic materials and wordlists and the memories of Wiradjuri families which is now used to teach the language in schools 10 This reclamation work was originally propelled by elder Stan Grant and John Rudder who had previously studied Australian Aboriginal languages in Arnhem Land 11 12 Country editThe Wiradjuri are the largest Aboriginal group in New South Wales They once occupied a vast area in central New South Wales on the plains running north and south to the west of the Blue Mountains The area was known as the land of the three rivers 13 the Wambuul Macquarie the Kalare later known as the Lachlan and the Murrumbidgee or Murrumbidjeri 14 Norman Tindale estimated the territorial range of the Wiradjuri tribal lands at 127 000 km2 49 000 sq mi Their eastern borders ran from north to south from above Mudgee down to the foothills of the Blue Mountains east of Lithgow and Oberon and east of Cowra Young and Tumut and south to the upper Murray at Albury and east to about Tumbarumba The southern border ran to Howlong Its western reaches went along Billabong Creek to beyond Mossgiel They extended southwest to the vicinity of Hay and Narrandera Condobolin southwards to Booligal Carrathool Wagga Wagga Cootamundra Parkes Trundle Gundagai Boorowa and Rylstone Wellington and Carcoar all lay within Wiradjuri territory 1 The Murray River forms the Wiradjuri s southern boundary and the change from woodland to open grassland marks their eastern boundary citation needed Social organisation editThe Wiradjuri were organised into bands Norman Tindale quotes Alfred William Howitt as mentioning several of these local groups of the tribe Narrandera prickly lizard Cootamundra kuta mundra kutamun turtle Murranbulla maring bula two bark canoes 1 Burial rite edit The Wiradjuri together with the Gamilaraay who however used them in bora ceremonies were particularly known for their use of carved trees which functioned as taphoglyphs 15 marking the burial site of a notable medicine man ceremonial leader warrior or orator of a tribe On the death of a distinguished Wiradjuri initiated men would strip the bark off a tree to allow them to incise symbols on the side of the trunk which faced the burial mound The craftsmanship on remaining examples of this funeral artwork displays notable artistic power Four still stand near Molong at the Grave of Yuranigh They are generally to be found near rivers where the softer earth allowed easier burial 16 Alfred William Howitt remarked that these trees incised with taphoglyphs served both as transit points to allow mythological cultural heroes to ascend to and descend from the firmament as well as a means for the deceased to return to the sky 15 Lifestyle editThe Wiradjuri diet included yabbies and fish such as Murray cod from the rivers In dry seasons they ate kangaroos emus and food gathered from the land including fruit nuts yam daisies Microseris lanceolata wattle seeds and orchid tubers The Wiradjuri travelled into Alpine areas in the summer to feast on Bogong moths 17 The Wiradjuri were also known for their handsome possum skin cloaks stitched together from several possum furs Governor Macquarie was presented with one of these cloaks by a Wiradjuri man when he visited Bathurst in 1815 2 British penetration editWiradjuri territory was first penetrated by British colonists in 1813 13 In 1822 George Suttor took up an extensive lot of land later known as Brucedale Station after Wiradjuri guides showed him an area with ample water sources Suttor learnt their language and befriended Windradyne nicknamed Saturday and attributed conflict to the harshness of his own people s behaviour since the Wiradjuri were in his view fond of white people as they would call them 18 Clashes between the British settlers and the Wiradjuri however multiplied as the influx of colonist increased and became known as the Bathurst Wars The occupation of their lands and their cultivation began to cause famine among the Wiradjuri who had a different notion of what constituted property b In the 1850s there were still corroborees around Mudgee but there were fewer clashes Notable people editHistorical edit William Punch massacre survivor and World War One serviceman Windradyne important Aboriginal leader during the Bathurst War Yuranigh a much prized guide for the explorer Thomas Mitchell especially during his expedition to the Gulf of Carpentaria in 1845 1846 On hearing of Yuranigh s death in 1852 Mitchell put up 200 to have his gravesite marked with a tombstone 19 Diana Mudgee massacre survivor and early Aboriginal land ownerModern edit Kirsten Banks astronomer Tony Briggs actor writer and producer Linda Burney member of the Australian House of Representatives Evonne Goolagong Cawley tennis great Jimmy Clements present at the opening of Provisional Parliament House in 1927 Faye McMillan academic Kevin Gilbert 20th century author Stan Grant journalist son of Stan Grant Sr Stan Grant Sr a Wiradjuri elder and linguist 20 Anita Heiss contemporary novelist Brendan Boon Oldfield Former Boomanulla Raiders coach Kate Howarth author Faye McMillan academic Adam Shipp bushman elder Kerry Reed Gilbert poet author and elder Aunty Isabel Reid born 1932 elder and advocate for the Stolen Generation NSW State Recipient of Senior Australian of the Year 2021 oldest living survivor of those forcibly removed under the Aborigines Protection Act 1909 NSW having been sent to the Cootamundra Domestic Training Home for Aboriginal Girls 21 Jessa Rogers founding principal of the Cape York Girl Academy Joseph Kapeen Elder Mum Shirl Smith MBE OAM community activist Malcolm Towney aka MFC Mayor s Office Queanbeyan NSW Dale Ella community member Margaret Tucker co founder of the Australian Aborigines League Joyce Williams Wiradjuri elder health campaigner native title activist Michael Gee Wizz Weir miniature rapper Neville Uncle Chappy Williams land activist and proponent in the Lake Cowal Campaign Tara June Winch author Jack Charles 1943 2022 actor Elder activistMusic the arts edit Brook Andrew contemporary artist Bianca Beetson contemporary artist Luke Carroll actor presenter Alan Dargin didgeridoo player Ella Havelka dancer first Indigenous person to join The Australian Ballet Melanie Horsnell singer songwriter Lin Onus artist Harry Wedge artistSporting edit Rugby League edit Josh Addo Carr rugby league footballer 22 Braidon Burns rugby league footballer 23 Laurie Daley rugby league footballer 24 Scott Drinkwater rugby league footballer 23 Adam Elliott rugby league footballer 23 Robbie Fibes rugby league footballer 23 Blake Ferguson rugby league footballer 23 Jai Field rugby league footballer 23 Andrew Fifita rugby league footballer 23 Tyrell Fuimaono rugby league footballer 23 David Grant rugby league footballer citation needed Nicho Hynes rugby league footballer 25 Ben Jones rugby league footballer citation needed Latrell Mitchell rugby league footballer 26 Brent Naden rugby league footballer 23 Kelvin Poppy Foot Wighton rugby league footballer 23 David Peachey rugby league footballer 23 Tyrone Peachey rugby league footballer citation needed Jesse Ramien rugby league footballer 23 Will Robinson rugby league footballer citation needed George Rose rugby league footballer citation needed Ron Saddler rugby league footballer 27 Reimis Smith rugby league footballer 23 Kotoni Staggs rugby league footballer 28 Robbie Simpson rugby league footballer citation needed Joel Thompson rugby league footballer citation needed Brad Tighe rugby league footballer citation needed Esikeli Tonga rugby league footballer citation needed Willie Tonga rugby league footballer citation needed Connor Watson rugby league footballer citation needed Jack Wighton rugby league footballer 29 Joe Williams rugby league footballer citation needed Jonathan Wright rugby league footballer citation needed Australian rules football edit Jarrod Atkinson Australian rules footballer citation needed Sean Charles Australian rules footballer citation needed Aidyn Johnson Australian rules footballer 30 David Wirrpanda Australian rules footballer citation needed Zac Williams Australian Rules footballer 30 Other sports edit Wally Carr Australian Commonwealth Boxing Champion 31 Daniel Christian member of the Australian cricket team 32 Brendon Cook international racing driver citation needed Evonne Goolagong champion tennis player 33 John Kinsela first Aboriginal Olympic wrestler 34 Joel Swift Australian and Olympic water polo player citation needed Tai Tuivasa mixed martial arts and UFC Fighter 35 Mariah Williams Australian Olympic hockey player citation needed Places of significance editKoonadan Historic Site located 9 km north west of Leeton 36 37 The Wellington Convict and Mission Site in Wellington a former convict settlement and Aboriginal mission 56 historical sites were found during survey work at Yathong Nature Reserve including scar trees camp sites and cave art 38 A historical site consisting of an open campsite was found during survey work at Nombinnie Nature Reserve 38 Wiradjuri culture in fiction editThe short story Death in the Dawntime originally published in The Mammoth Book of Historical Detectives Mike Ashley editor 1995 is a murder mystery that takes place entirely among the Wiradjuri people before the arrival of Europeans in Australia 39 In Bryce Courtenay s novel Jessica the plot is centred in Wiradjuri region Jessica s best friend Mary Simpson was from Wiradjuri 40 Noel Beddoe s novel The Yalda Crossing 41 also explores Wiradjuri history from an early settler perspective bringing to life a little known massacre that occurred in the 1830s 42 Andy Kissane s poem The Station Owner s Daughter Narrandera tells a story about the aftermath of that same massacre 43 and was the inspiration for Alex Ryan s short film Ngurrumbang 44 Alternative names editThe variety of spellings for the name Wiradjuri is extensive with over 60 ways of transcribing the word registered 45 Some words editguwandhaang native peach The English word for this in Australia quandong is thought to derive from the Wirandjuri term 46 wagga crow The Wiradjeri term perhaps lies behind the toponym for the town of Wagga Wagga The reduplication may be a pluralizer suggesting the idea of place of many crows This has recently been questioned by Wiradjuri elder Stan Grant Sr and Tim Wess an academic The word behind the toponym is they claim waga meaning dance and the reduplicative would mean many dances much dancing 47 Notes edit R H Mathews spelling Suttor wrote These natives have some imperfect ideas of property and the right of possession They say all wild animals are theirs the tame or cultivated ones are ours Whatever springs spontaneously from the earth or without labour is theirs also Things produced by art and labour are the white fellows as they call us Langton 2010 p 37 Citations edit a b c Tindale 1974 p 201 a b Langton 2010 p 33 Donaldson 1984 p 26 Thieberger amp McGregor 1994 pp 79 80 a b Ridley et al 1892 pp ix x Threlkeld et al 2008 a b c Tindale amp Jones 1974 pp 156 191 200 a b Tindale 1974 Dixon 2002 p xxxiv McNaboe amp Poetsch 2010 pp 216 224 Rudder amp Grant 2005 Rudder amp Grant 2010 a b Langton 2010 p 32 Bamblett 2013 p 40 a b McCarthy 1940 pp 161 166 McCarthy 1940 p 161 Warrant et al 2016 p 77 Langton 2010 pp 35 36 Pearce 2016 Innes 2016 AoY Addo Carr on track for NRL debut NRL com 19 February 2016 Retrieved 17 April 2016 a b c d e f g h i j k l m NRL 2020 Indigenous Player map PDF Indigenous Sport Month Time for footy codes to create opportunity for Indigenous coaches by Jamie Pandaram and Lauren Wood for CodeSports 22 May 2023 Addo Carr Hynes and Lee on Indigenous Round Melbourne Storm 30 July 2020 Retrieved 13 August 2021 Bruce Jasper 23 April 2021 Latrell a leader in fight against racism The Australian Retrieved 6 May 2023 Remembering Ron Saddler New South Wales First Indigenous Captain Sydney Roosters 18 May 2023 Archived from the original on 25 July 2023 Retrieved 25 July 2023 Rikki Lee Arnold 18 May 2018 Broncos young gun Kotoni Staggs to make NRL debut against Sydney Roosters The Courier Mail Retrieved 28 December 2021 Helmers Caden 7 February 2017 Canberra Raiders prop Junior Paulo suspended from round one of the NRL season The Canberra Times a b AFLPA indigenous player map 2017 PDF Shirkie Daniel 16 April 2019 One of the best Wellington boxing royalty Wally Carr passes away Wellington Times Retrieved 18 April 2019 English Peter 30 April 2010 The man from Narrandera CricInfo Retrieved 30 April 2010 Dee Jefferson 4 September 2019 Tennis champion Evonne Goolagong Cawley celebrated in new Australian play ABC News Skene Patrick 14 July 2016 The forgotten story of John Kinsela the first Aboriginal Olympic wrestler The Guardian Australia Retrieved 15 July 2016 Ali Almond 3 September 2022 UFC 209 Tai Tuivasa s Samoan tattoo journey one of worst and best experiences of his life ABC News GoNSW 1996a Office of Environment and Heritage a b GoNSW 1996b MacIntyre 2001 p 139 Courtenay 2000 Beddoe 2012 Wilson 2012 Kissane 1999 pp 42 43 Ngurrumbang 2013 Thieberger amp McGregor 1994 p 80 Clarke 2008 p 53 Owen 2016 Sources edit Aunty Isabel Reid Australian of the Year Archived from the original on 17 January 2021 Retrieved 17 May 2021 Bamblett Lawrence 2013 Our Stories are Our Survival Aboriginal Studies Press ISBN 978 1 922 05922 2 Beddoe Noel 2012 The Yalda Crossing University of Queensland Press ISBN 978 0 702 24939 6 Briggs Ronald 2011 Cumming Helen ed Carved Trees Aboriginal cultures of western NSW Wiradjuri Country PDF State Library of New South Wales ISBN 978 0 7313 7206 5 Clarke Philip A 2008 Aboriginal Plant Collectors Botanists and Australian Aboriginal People in the Nineteenth Century Rosenberg Publishers ISBN 978 1 877 05868 4 Courtenay Bryce 2000 Jessica Penguin Books ISBN 978 0 141 94220 9 Curr Edward Micklethwaite ed 1887 The Australian race its origin languages customs place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent PDF Vol 3 Melbourne J Ferres pp 420 423 via Internet Archive Dixon R M W 2002 Australian Languages Their Nature and Development Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 47378 1 Donaldson Tamsin 1984 What s in a name An etymological view of land language and social identification from central western New South Wales PDF Aboriginal History 8 1 21 44 Howitt Alfred William 1904 The native tribes of south east Australia PDF Macmillan Innes Michelle 8 April 2016 An Heir to a Tribe s Culture Ensures Its Language Is Not Forgotten The New York Times Kissane Andy June 1999 The station owner s daughter Narrandera Quadrant 43 6 42 43 Koonadan Historic Site management documents Office of Environment and Heritage Retrieved 11 June 2018 Koonadan Historic Site Plan of management PDF NSW National Parks amp Wildlife Service September 1996a ISBN 0 7310 0855 3 Langton Marcia 2010 They Made a Solitude and Called it Peace In Perkins Rachel Langton Marcia eds First Australians Unillustrated Miegunyah Press pp 1 41 ISBN 978 0 522 85954 6 MacIntyre F Gwynplaine 2001 Schweitzer Darrell ed Macintyre s Improbable Bestiary Wildside Press ISBN 978 1 587 15472 0 Mathews R H 1908 The Bunan Ceremony of New South Wales American Anthropologist 9 10 327 344 doi 10 1525 aa 1896 9 10 02a00010 JSTOR 658900 McCarthy Frederick D 1 June 1940 The Carved Trees of New South Wales PDF Australian Museum Magazine pp 161 166 McNaboe Diane Poetsch Susan 2010 Language revitalisation community and school programs working together PDF In Hobson John Robert ed Re awakening Languages Theory and Practice in the Revitalisation of Australia s Indigenous Languages Sydney University Press pp 216 224 ISBN 978 1 920 89955 4 Nash David 2014 Comitative placenames in central NSW PDF In Clark Ian D Hercus Luise Kostanski Laura eds Indigenous and Minority Placenames Australian and International Perspectives Australian National University pp 11 37 ISBN 978 1 925 02162 2 Ngurrumbang Adelaide Film Festival 10 12 October 2013 Owen Brodie 12 February 2016 Doubt cast on Wagga being the place of many crows The Daily Advertiser Pearce Melanie 29 January 2016 Living history Carved trees and a marble headstone connecting Aboriginal and European pasts ABC Central West Ridley William Livingstone H Gunther James Broughton William Grant Threlkeld Lancelot Edward Fraser John Taplin George 1892 An Australian language as spoken by the Awabakal the people of Awaba or Lake Macquarie near Newcastle New South Wales being an account of their language traditions and customs Charles Potter Govt Printer pp ix x Retrieved 23 November 2019 via Internet Archive Rudder John Grant Stan 2005 A first Wiradjuri Dictionary English to Wiradjuri and Categories Restoration House ISBN 978 0 869 42131 4 Rudder John Grant Stan 2010 A New Wiradjuri Dictionary Restoration House ISBN 978 0 869 42150 5 Thieberger Nick McGregor William eds 1994 Macquarie Aboriginal Words A Dictionary of Words from Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Languages Macquarie Library ISBN 978 0 949 75779 1 via Internet Archive Threlkeld Lancelot Edward Fraser John Livingstone H Taplin George Gunther James Broughton William Grant Ridley William 2008 An Australian language as spoken by the Awabakal the people of Awaba or Lake Macquarie near Newcastle New South Wales being an account of their language traditions and customs Charles Potter Govt Printer via Internet Archive Tindale Norman Barnett 1974 Wiradjuri NSW Aboriginal Tribes of Australia Their Terrain Environmental Controls Distribution Limits and Proper Names Australian National University Tindale Norman Barnett Jones Rhys 1974 Aboriginal tribes of Australia their terrain environmental controls distribution limits and proper names University of California Press pp 156 191 200 ISBN 978 0 7081 0741 6 Tomazin Alanna 4 December 2018 Mingaan s Aunty Helen Riley selected into highly regarded committee Lithgow Mercury Retrieved 10 February 2020 University of Melbourne Find An Expert Assoc Professor Jeanine Leane University of Melbourne 25 February 2021 Warrant Eric Frost Barrie Green Ken Mouritsen Henrik Dreyer David Adden Andrea Brauburger Kristina Heinze Stanley 2016 The Australian Bogong Moth Agrotis infusa A Long Distance Nocturnal Navigator Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 10 77 doi 10 3389 fnbeh 2016 00077 ISSN 1662 5153 PMC 4838632 PMID 27147998 Wilson Rohan 11 August 2012 Noel Beddoe makes a brave exploration of contested terrain The Australian Yathong Nature Reserve Nombinnie Nature Reserve and Round Hill Nature Reserve Plan of management PDF PDF NSW National Parks amp Wildlife Service November 1996b ISBN 0 7310 0845 6 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Wiradjuri amp oldid 1185395233, wikipedia, wiki, book, 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