Chubby Checker
Chubby Checker (born Ernest Evans; October 3, 1941) is an American singer and dancer. He is widely known for popularizing many dance styles, including the Twist dance style, with his 1960 hit cover of Hank Ballard & The Midnighters' R&B song "The Twist", and the pony dance style with the 1961 cover of the song "Pony Time". His biggest UK hit, "Let's Twist Again", was released one year later (in 1962); that year, he also popularized the song "Limbo Rock", originally a previous-year instrumental hit by the Champs to which he added lyrics, and its trademark Limbo dance, as well as other dance styles such as The Fly. In September 2008, "The Twist" topped Billboard's list of the most popular singles to have appeared in the Hot 100 since its debut in 1960, an honor it maintained for an August 2013 update of the list.[1]
Chubby Checker | |
|---|---|
Chubby Checker in 2005 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Ernest Evans |
| Born | October 3, 1941 Spring Gully, South Carolina, U.S. |
| Origin | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Genres | |
| Occupation(s) |
|
| Instrument(s) | Vocals |
| Years active | 1958–present |
| Labels | |
| Website | chubbychecker |
Early life edit
Checker was born Ernest Evans in Spring Gully, South Carolina.[2] He was raised in the projects of South Philadelphia, where he lived with his parents, Raymond and Eartle Evans,[3] and two brothers.[4] By age eleven, Evans formed a street-corner harmony group. By the time he entered high school, Ernest had learned to play the piano a little at Settlement Music School. He entertained his classmates by performing vocal impressions of popular entertainers of the day, such as Jerry Lee Lewis, Elvis Presley and Fats Domino.[5] One of his classmates and friends at South Philadelphia High School was Fabian Forte, who would become a popular performer of the late 1950s and early 1960s as Fabian.[4]
After school Evans would entertain customers at his various jobs, including Fresh Farm Poultry in the Italian Market on Ninth Street and at the Produce Market, with songs and jokes. It was his boss at the Produce Market, "Tony A.", who gave Evans the nickname "Chubby". The owner of Fresh Farm Poultry, Henry Colt, was so impressed by the boy's performances for the customers that he, along with his colleague and friend Kal Mann, who worked as a songwriter for Cameo-Parkway Records,[6] arranged for young Chubby to do a private recording for American Bandstand host Dick Clark. After hearing Chubby's Fats Domino impression, Clark's wife Barbara suggested that Chubby be called "Chubby Checker" in homage to Fats Domino.[7][8]
Career edit
1950s–1960s edit
In December 1958, Checker privately recorded a novelty single for Clark in which the singer portrayed a school teacher with an unruly classroom of musical performers. The premise allowed Checker to imitate such acts as Fats Domino, The Coasters, Elvis Presley, Cozy Cole, and The Chipmunks, each singing "Mary Had a Little Lamb". Clark sent the song out as his Christmas greeting, and it received such good response that Cameo-Parkway signed Checker to a recording contract.[9] Titled "The Class", the single became Checker's first release, charting at No. 38 in the spring of 1959.[10]
Checker introduced his version of "The Twist" at the age of 18 in July 1960 in Wildwood, New Jersey at the Rainbow Club. "The Twist" went on to top the Billboard Hot 100 not just once in 1960, but yet again in a separate chart run in late 1961. The first success was attributed to teens, and the unprecedented second number-one Billboard ranking was driven by older audiences following a spirited live performance[11] of the song by Checker on The Ed Sullivan Show, seen by over 10 million viewers.[12] (Bing Crosby's "White Christmas" had also achieved number one twice on Billboard's earlier chart.)
"The Twist" had previously peaked at No. 16 on the Billboard rhythm and blues chart, in the 1959 version recorded by its author, Hank Ballard, whose band The Midnighters first performed the dance on stage. Checker's "Twist", however, was a nationwide smash, aided by his many appearances on Dick Clark's American Bandstand, the top 10 American Bandstand ranking of the song, and the teenagers on the show who enjoyed dancing the Twist. The song was so ubiquitous that Checker felt that his critics thought he could only succeed as a dance demonstrator. Checker later lamented: ""The Twist" really ruined my life. I was on my way to becoming a big nightclub performer, and "The Twist" just wiped it out ... It got so out of proportion. No one ever believes I have talent."[13] By 1965 alone, "The Twist" had sold over 15 million copies, and was awarded multiple gold discs by the RIAA.[14]
Despite Checker's initial disapproval, he found follow-up success with a succession of up-tempo dance tracks, including "The Hucklebuck" (#14), "The Fly" (#7), "Dance the Mess Around" (#24), and "Pony Time", which became his second No. 1 single.[10] Checker's follow-up "twist" single, "Let's Twist Again", won the 1962 Grammy Award for Best Rock and Roll Recording.[15] A 1962 duet with Dee Dee Sharp, "Slow Twistin'", reached No. 3 on the national charts. Other substantial hits included "Dancin' Party", "Popeye the Hitchhiker", "Twenty Miles", "Birdland", "Loddy Lo", and a Christmas duet with Bobby Rydell, "Jingle Bell Rock". "Limbo Rock" reached No. 2 on 22–29 December 1962, becoming Checker's last top ten hit. Checker continued to have top 40 singles until 1965, his last being "Let's Do the Freddie" (#40), a variation on Freddie and the Dreamers' dance tune "Do the Freddie", with new melody and lyrics. Changes in public tastes, owing mostly to the British Invasion and counterculture era, ended his hit-making career. He spent much of the rest of the 1960s touring and recording in Europe.
1970s–1990s edit
"The Twist" was recorded for Cameo-Parkway Records and along with the label's other material, became unavailable after the early 1970s because of the company's internal legal disputes. For decades, almost all compilations of Checker's hits consisted of re-recordings. The 1970s saw a shift and resurgence for his career, including a temporary stint as a disco artist. Checker continued to be a superstar in Europe with television and records.[citation needed] A dance-floor cover version of the Beatles' "Back in the U.S.S.R." released in 1969 on Buddah Records, his first chart entry in three years, reached No. 82.[16] It was Checker's last chart appearance until 1982 when he hit No. 91 with "Running".[10]
In 1971, Checker at his own insistence recorded a psychedelic album filled with music he felt was "current" that was initially only released in Europe. Originally named Chequered!, it was renamed over the years in subsequent re-releases as New Revelation, The Other Side Of Chubby Checker, and sometimes as Chubby Checker. The songs were all written by Checker and produced by former Jimi Hendrix producer Ed Chalpin,[17] but the studio musicians' names are unknown. The album flopped.[18] Later in the decade, he recorded an album of ”audiophile re-creations” of his greatest hits, for producer Stan Shulman.
In 1988, Chubby teamed up with hip-hop trio The Fat Boys with their version of The Twist (Yo, Twist): this reached No 2 in the UK.
2000s and beyond edit
Checker had a single at No. 1 on Billboard's dance chart in July 2008 with "Knock Down the Walls". The single also made the top 30 on the Adult Contemporary chart.[10] Roger Filgate of Wishbone Ash is featured on lead guitar.[19]
In 2009, Checker recorded a public service announcement (PSA) for the Social Security Administration to help launch a new campaign to promote recent changes in Medicare law.[20] In the PSA, Checker encourages Americans on Medicare to apply for Extra Help, "A new 'twist' in the law makes it easier than ever to save on your prescription drug plan costs."[21][22]
On February 25, 2013, Checker released a new single, the ballad "Changes," via iTunes; it was posted on YouTube and amassed over 160,000 views.[23] "Changes" was produced by the hill & hifi and reached 43 on the Mediabase Top 100 AC Chart and 41 on the Gospel Chart. Checker performed it on July 5, 2013, on NBC's Today show.[24] In 2015, Checker joined forces with Howard Perl Entertainment[25] and Hard Rock Rocksino to produce "Rock and Roll to The Rescue",[26] a show designed to raise funds and adopt rescue animals in need.
Controversies edit
In 2002, Checker protested outside of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction ceremony, over the lack of radio airplay of his hit "The Twist" and his perception that the Hall of Fame had snubbed him. Seymour Stein, president of the Rock Hall's New York chapter and member of the nomination committee, claimed "I think that Chubby is someone who will be considered. He has in certain years."[27]
In 2013, Checker sued HP over a WebOS application using his name. The application, before being pulled in September 2012, was used to unscientifically estimate penis size from shoe size.[28][29][30][31] The district court said that Checker's trademark claim survived HP's motion to dismiss, but his other claims were dismissed per Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act.[32]
Film and musical depictions edit
Checker performed as well as appeared as a version of himself in Twist Around the Clock (1961) and Don't Knock the Twist (1962). In both films he provided advice and crucial breaks for the protagonist.[33][34]
In 1988, Checker appeared as himself performing alongside the Purple People Eater in the film of the same name.[35]
Checker later appeared as himself in the 1989 Quantum Leap episode entitled "Good Morning, Peoria" where he walks into a radio station in 1959 hoping to have his demo record played on the air. The show's main character, Dr. Sam Beckett (Scott Bakula), persuades the station owner to play the song "The Twist", inadvertently teaching Checker himself how to do The Twist.[36]
In 2001, Checker again guest-starred as himself singing "The Twist" in the fourth season of Ally McBeal.[37] He also performed the track in the tenth season of Murphy Brown.[38]
Awards edit
In 2008, Checker's "The Twist" was named the biggest chart hit of all time by Billboard magazine. Billboard looked at all singles that made the charts between 1958 and 2008. He was also honored by Settlement Music School as part of the school's centennial celebration and named to the Settlement 100, a list of notable people connected to the school.[39]
Checker received the prestigious Sandy Hosey Lifetime Achievement Award on November 9, 2013, from the Artists Music Guild. Checker was the host of the 2013 AMG Heritage Awards and was given the honor during the television broadcast. The award was presented to him by longtime friend and labelmate Dee Dee Sharp.[40]
In 2014, Checker was inducted into the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame.
Personal life edit
On December 12, 1963, Checker proposed to Catharina Lodders, a 21-year-old Dutch model and Miss World 1962 from Haarlem, the Netherlands.[41] Checker said he met Lodders in Manila the prior January.[42] The song "Loddy Lo" is about her. They were married on April 12, 1964, at Temple Lutheran Church in Pennsauken, New Jersey.[43] Their first child, Bianca Johanna Evans, was born in a Philadelphia hospital on December 8, 1966.[44] Their other two children are Ilka Evans and musician Shan Egan (Evans), lead singer of Funk Church, a band in the Philadelphia area.[45] Checker is also the father of WNBA player Mistie Bass.[46]
Discography edit
Studio albums edit
| Year | Album | Peak chart positions | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US [47] | UK [48] | |||||
| 1960 | Twist with Chubby Checker | 3 | 13 | |||
| For Twisters Only | 8 | 17 | ||||
| 1961 | Let's Twist Again | 11 | — | |||
| It's Pony Time | 110 | — | ||||
| For 'Teen Twisters Only | 17 | — | ||||
| 1962 | Limbo Party | 11 | — | |||
| Beach Party | 90 | — | ||||
| Twistin' Round the World | 54 | — | ||||
| 1963 | Let's Limbo Some More | 87 | — | |||
| Chubby Checker in Person | 104 | — | ||||
| 1964 | Chubby's Folk Album | — | — | |||
| 1965 | At the Discotheque | — | — | |||
| 1971 | Chequered! | — | — | |||
| 1982 | The Change Has Come | 186 | — | |||
| 1994 | The Texas Twisting | — | — | |||
| 2001 | Towards The Light | — | — | |||
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart. | ||||||
Compilation albums edit
| Year | Album | US [47] |
|---|---|---|
| 1962 | All the Hits (For Your Dancin' Party) | 23 |
| 1963 | Chubby Checker's Biggest Hits | 27 |
| 1973 | Chubby Checker's Greatest Hits | 152 |
Singles edit
| Year | Titles (A-side, B-side) Both sides from same album except where indicated | Chart positions | Album | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US [47] | US R&B [47] | UK [48] | AUS [49] | ||||
| 1959 | "The Class" b/w "Schooldays, Oh, Schooldays" (Non-album track) | 38 | — | — | — | Greatest Hits – 15 Original Hits | |
| "Whole Lotta Laughin'" b/w "Samson and Delilah" | — | — | — | — | Non-album tracks | ||
| "Dancing Dinosaur" b/w "Those Private Eyes" | — | — | — | — | |||
| 1960 | "The Twist" b/w "Toot" (from The Chubby Checker Discotheque) | 1 | 2 | 44 | 20 | Twist with Chubby Checker | |
| "The Hucklebuck" / | 14 | 15 | — | 24 | |||
| "Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On" | 42 | — | — | For Twisters Only | |||
| 1961 | "Pony Time" b/w "Oh, Susannah" (Non-album track) | 1 | 1 | 27 | 8 | It's Pony Time | |
| "Dance the Mess Around" / | 24 | — | — | 48 | Chubby Checker's Biggest Hits | ||
| "Good, Good Lovin'" | 43 | — | — | — | |||
| "Let's Twist Again" b/w "Everything's Gonna Be All Right" (from Chubby Checker) | 8 | 26 | 2 | 7 | Let's Twist Again | ||
| "The Fly" b/w "That's the Way It Goes" (Non-album track) | 7 | 11 | — | 35 | For 'Teen Twisters Only | ||
| "Jingle Bell Rock" b/w "Jingle Bell Rock Imitations" Both sides with Bobby Rydell | 21 | — | — | — | Bobby Rydell/Chubby Checker | ||
| 1962 | "The Twist" / Chart re-entry; the only song of the rock era to reach No. 1 twice in the US in two different years | 1 | 4 | 14 | 3 | Twist with Chubby Checker | |
| "Twistin' U.S.A." | 68 | — | — | 41 | |||
| "Slow Twistin'" (With Dee Dee Sharp) / | 3 | 3 | 23 | 9 | For 'Teen Twisters Only | ||
| "La Paloma Twist" | 72 | — | — | Twistin' Round the World | |||
| "Teach Me to Twist" b/w "Swingin' Together" Both sides with Bobby Rydell | — | — | 45 | — | Bobby Rydell/Chubby Checker | ||
| "Dancin' Party" b/w "Gotta Get Myself Together" (Non-album track) | 12 | — | 19 | 85 | Chubby Checker's Biggest Hits | ||
| "Limbo Rock" / | 2 | 3 | 32 | 8 | Limbo Party | ||
| "Popeye the Hitchhiker" | 10 | 13 | — | All the Hits (For Your Dancin' Party) | |||
| "Jingle Bell Rock" b/w "Jingle Bell Imitations" Chart re-entry, both sides with Bobby Rydell | 92 | — | 40 | — | Bobby Rydell/Chubby Checker | ||
| 1963 | "Let's Limbo Some More" / | 20 | 16 | — | 11 | Let's Limbo Some More | |
| "Twenty Miles" | 15 | 15 | — | ||||
| "Birdland" / | 12 | 18 | — | 33 | Beach Party | ||
| "Black Cloud" | 98 | — | — | Non-album track | |||
| "Twist It Up" / | 25 | — | — | — | Beach Party | ||
| "Surf Party" | 55 | — | — | — | |||
| "What Do Ya Say!" b/w "Something to Shout About" Released in UK only | — | — | 37 | 25 | Non-album tracks | ||
| "Loddy Lo" / | 12 | 4 | — | 17 | Chubby's Folk Album | ||
| "Hooka Tooka" | 17 | — | — | ||||
| 1964 | "Hey, Bobba Needle" b/w "Spread Joy" (Non-album track) | 23 | — | — | 26 | ||
| "Rosie" / | — | — | — | 50 | Non-album track | ||
| "Lazy Elsie Molly" | 40 | — | — | 18 Golden Hits | |||
| "She Wants T'Swim" b/w "You Better Believe It Baby" (Non-album track) | 50 | — | — | 98 | The Chubby Checker Discotheque | ||
| "Lovely, Lovely (Loverly, Loverly) b/w "The Weekend's Here" | 70 | — | — | — | Non-album tracks | ||
| 1965 | "Let's Do the Freddie" b/w "(At the) Discotheque" (Non-album track) | 40 | — | — | — | 18 Golden Hits | |
| "Everything's Wrong" b/w "Cu Ma La Be-Stay" | — | — | — | — | Non-album tracks | ||
| "You Just Don't Know (What You Do To Me) b/w "Two Hearts Make One Love" | — | — | — | — | |||
| 1966 | "Hey You! Little Boo-Ga-Loo" b/w "Pussy Cat" | 76 | — | — | — | ||
| "Looking at Tomorrow" b/w "You Got the Power" | — | — | — | — | |||
| "Karate Monkey" b/w "Her Heart" | — | — | — | — | |||
| 1969 | "Back In The U.S.S.R" b/w "Windy Cream" | 82 | — | — | — | ||
| 1973 | "Reggae My Way" b/w "Gypsy" | — | — | — | 64 | ||
| 1974 | "She's a Bad Woman" b/w "Happiness Is a Girl Like You" | — | — | — | — | ||
| 1975 | "Let's Twist Again" / "The Twist" Double A-side chart re-entry in UK | — | — | 5 | — | A: Let's Twist Again B: Twist with Chubby Checker | |
| 1976 | "The Rub" b/w "Move It" | — | — | — | — | Non-album tracks | |
| 1982 | "Running" b/w "Is Tonight the Night" (Non-album track) | 91 | — | — | — | The Change Has Come | |
| "Harder Than Diamond" b/w "Your Love" | — | — | — | — | |||
| 1988 | "The Twist" ("Yo, Twist!" version) b/w "The Twist" (Buffapella) Both sides with the Fat Boys | 16 | 40 | 2 | — | Non-album tracks | |
| 2008 | "Knock Down the Walls" #1 US Dance, #29 US AC | — | — | — | — | All the Best – Knock Down the Walls Featuring eight different mixes | |
| 2013 | "Changes" (Pop version) c/w "Changes" (Alt version) CD single | — | — | — | — | Non-album tracks | |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart. | |||||||
Citations edit
- ^ "Hot 100 55th Anniversary: The All-Time Top 100 Songs". Billboard. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
- ^ Franklin, Benjamin V (May 30, 2016). An Encyclopedia of South Carolina Jazz and Blues Musicians. Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press. p. 147. ISBN 978-1-61117-622-3.
- ^ UPI Telephoto (NAP 122601), December 1963.
- ^ a b "The Official Site". ChubbyChecker.com. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
- ^ "Chubby Checker". biography.com. Retrieved June 17, 2019.
- ^ "Interview With Chubby Checker". Classicbands.com. February 1, 1961. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
- ^ "Chubby Checker". Classicbands.com. November 11, 1958. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
- ^ Benitez-Eves, Tina (February 2, 2023). "The Story Behind How "The Twist" Creator Chubby Checker Got His Name". American Songwriter.
- ^ Dawson, Jim (1995). The twist : the story of the song that changed the world. Internet Archive. Boston, Massachusetts: Faber and Faber. pp. 30-31. ISBN 978-0-571-19852-8.
- ^ a b c d "Chubby Checker". Billboard. Retrieved January 16, 2022.
- ^ Chubby Checker "The Twist & Let's Twist Again" on The Ed Sullivan Show. The Ed Sullivan Show via YouTube. October 22, 1961. Retrieved March 13, 2022.
- ^ Dawson, Jim (2012). ""The Twist"—Chubby Checker (1960)" (PDF). Library of Congress. (PDF) from the original on October 17, 2020.
- ^ Dawson, Jim (1995). The Twist: The Story of the Song and Dance That Changed the World. Boston, Massachusetts: Faber & Faber. pp. 26. ISBN 9780571198528.
- ^ Murrells, Joseph (1978). The Book of Golden Discs (2nd ed.). London, England: Barrie and Jenkins Ltd. pp. 122–3. ISBN 0-214-20512-6.
- ^ Unterberger, Andrew (January 26, 2018). "60 Grammys, 60 Moments: The Greatest Moment From Every Grammys Ceremony So Far". Billboard. from the original on January 16, 2022. Retrieved January 16, 2022.
- ^ "Billboard Hot 100, May 3, 1969". Billboard. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
- ^ "AllMusic – Ed Chalpin Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
- ^ Demming, Mark. "AllMusic Overview". AllMusic. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
- ^ "Guitarist Filgate performs with Chubby Checker in Danbury". NewsTimes. September 17, 2009. Retrieved January 16, 2022.
- ^ . Social Security Administration. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
- ^ "Public Service Announcements for Television". SocialSecurity.gov. Social Security Administration. Retrieved January 8, 2010.
- ^ "Social Security Videos". Social Security Administration. Retrieved January 8, 2010.
- ^ . YouTube. Archived from the original on July 2, 2013. Retrieved July 9, 2017.
- ^ ""Today Show" video – July 5, 2013". Retrieved July 9, 2017.
- ^ Yarborough, Chuck (January 6, 2015). "Chubby Checker adds twist to fundraiser for Geauga's Rescue Village". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved January 23, 2020.
- ^ Niesel, Jeff. "Backstage Pass: An Interview with Rock Singer Chubby Checker". Cleveland Scene. Retrieved January 23, 2020.
- ^ Mumby Moody, Nekesa (March 16, 2004). . Newsday. Archived from the original on February 9, 2008.
- ^ Gallagher, Sean (February 14, 2013). "HP sued by Chubby Checker over webOS penis size app". Ars Technica. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
- ^ . Marketwatch (Press release). Ft. Pierce, Florida. PR Newswire. February 12, 2013. Archived from the original on June 2, 2013. Retrieved November 20, 2016.
- ^ Kessler, Derek (February 12, 2013). "'Chubby Checker' lawsuit filed against HP over endowment size estimator". webOS Nation. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
- ^ Coldewey, Devin (February 14, 2013). "Chubby Checker sues HP over penis size app". NBC News. Retrieved July 3, 2022.
- ^ "Ernest Evans et al v. Hewlett-Packard Company et al". DigitalCommons.law.scu.edu. Santa Clara University. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
- ^ "Twist Around the Clock - Synopsis". www.tcm.com. from the original on September 3, 2011. Retrieved January 16, 2022.
- ^ "Don't Knock the Twist - Synopsis". www.tcm.com. from the original on December 19, 2020. Retrieved January 16, 2022.
- ^ "Purple People Eater - Credits". www.tcm.com. from the original on January 17, 2021. Retrieved January 16, 2022.
- ^ Eddy, Cheryl (August 25, 2016). "The 14 Weirdest Quantum Leap Episodes of All Time". Gizmodo. from the original on September 21, 2021. Retrieved January 16, 2022.
- ^ "Ally McBeal: Season 4, Episode 11". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved January 16, 2022.
- ^ "Murphy Brown: Season 10, Episode 16". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved April 25, 2023.
- ^ . Smsmusic.org. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
- ^ Checker, Chubby. . Artists Music Guild. Archived from the original on December 12, 2013. Retrieved December 9, 2013.
- ^ "Chubby Checker To Wed Beauty". Reading Eagle. UPI. December 12, 1963. p. 46. Retrieved August 12, 2010.
- ^ UPI Telephoto (NAP 1404993...New York Bureau).
- ^ AP Wire Photo 1964.
- ^ AP wire photo (jfu 5-2200-jfu-stass) 1966.
- ^ . Jumpphilly.com. April 16, 2011. Archived from the original on November 16, 2018. Retrieved May 3, 2023.
- ^ . Archived from the original on January 9, 2015. Retrieved August 19, 2021.
- ^ a b c d . AllMusic. Archived from the original on August 6, 2012. Retrieved January 10, 2022.
- ^ a b "CHUBBY CHECKER - full Official Chart History". Official Charts Company. Retrieved January 10, 2022.
- ^ "Australian Chart Book 1940–1969". www.austchartbook.com.au. Retrieved October 13, 2017.
Bibliography edit
- Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955–1990. P.O. Box 200, Menomonee Falls WI: Record Research Inc. 1991. ISBN 0-89820-089-X.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link) - Joel Whitburn's Top R&B Singles 1942–1988. P.O. Box 200, Menomonee Falls WI: Record Research Inc. 1988. ISBN 0-89820-069-5.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)