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George Pólya

January 01, 1970

The native form of this personal name is Pólya György. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.

George Pólya (/ˈpoʊljə/; Hungarian: Pólya György, pronounced [ˈpoːjɒ ˈɟørɟ]; December 13, 1887 – September 7, 1985) was a Hungarian-American mathematician. He was a professor of mathematics from 1914 to 1940 at ETH Zürich and from 1940 to 1953 at Stanford University. He made fundamental contributions to combinatorics, number theory, numerical analysis and probability theory. He is also noted for his work in heuristics and mathematics education.[2] He has been described as one of The Martians,[3] an informal category which included one of his most famous students at ETH Zurich, John von Neumann.

George Pólya
George Pólya, before 1935
Born
György Pólya

(1887-12-13)December 13, 1887
Budapest, Kingdom of Hungary, Austria-Hungary
DiedSeptember 7, 1985(1985-09-07) (aged 97)
Palo Alto, California, U.S.
NationalityHungarian
CitizenshipHungarian
Swiss (1918–1947)
American (1947–)[1]
Alma materEötvös Loránd University
Known forPólya–Szegő inequality
How to Solve It
Multivariate Pólya distribution
Pólya conjecture
Pólya enumeration theorem
Landau–Kolmogorov inequality
Pólya–Vinogradov inequality
Pólya inequality
Pólya–Aeppli distribution
Pólya urn model
Fueter–Pólya theorem
Hilbert–Pólya conjecture
Jordan–Pólya numbers
Scientific career
FieldsMathematics
InstitutionsETH Zürich
Stanford University
Doctoral advisorLipót Fejér
Doctoral studentsAlbert Edrei [de]
Hans Einstein
Fritz Gassmann
Albert Pfluger
Walter Saxer
James J. Stoker
Alice Roth

Life and works edit

Pólya was born in Budapest, Austria-Hungary, to Anna Deutsch and Jakab Pólya, Hungarian Jews who had converted to Christianity in 1886.[4] Although his parents were religious and he was baptized into the Catholic Church upon birth, George eventually grew up to be an agnostic.[5] He received a PhD under Lipót Fejér in 1912, at Eötvös Loránd University.[6] He was a professor of mathematics from 1914 to 1940 at ETH Zürich in Switzerland and from 1940 to 1953 at Stanford University. He remained a Professor Emeritus at Stanford for the rest of his career, working on a range of mathematical topics, including series, number theory, mathematical analysis, geometry, algebra, combinatorics, and probability.[7] He was invited to speak at the ICM at Bologna in 1928,[8] at Oslo in 1936 and at Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1950.

On September 7, 1985, Pólya died in Palo Alto, California, United States[9] due to complications of a stroke he suffered during that summer.

Heuristics edit

Early in his career, Pólya wrote with Gábor Szegő two influential problem books, Problems and Theorems in Analysis (I: Series, Integral Calculus, Theory of Functions and II: Theory of Functions. Zeros. Polynomials. Determinants. Number Theory. Geometry). Later in his career, he spent considerable effort to identify systematic methods of problem-solving to further discovery and invention in mathematics for students, teachers, and researchers.[10] He wrote five books on the subject: How to Solve It, Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning (Volume I: Induction and Analogy in Mathematics, and Volume II: Patterns of Plausible Inference), and Mathematical Discovery: On Understanding, Learning, and Teaching Problem Solving (volumes 1 and 2).

In How to Solve It, Pólya provides general heuristics for solving a gamut of problems, including both mathematical and non-mathematical problems. The book includes advice for teaching students of mathematics and a mini-encyclopedia of heuristic terms. It was translated into several languages and has sold over a million copies. The book is still used in mathematical education. Douglas Lenat's Automated Mathematician and Eurisko artificial intelligence programs were inspired by Pólya's work.

In addition to his works directly addressing problem solving, Pólya wrote another short book called Mathematical Methods in Science, based on a 1963 work supported by the National Science Foundation edited by Leon Bowden and published by the Mathematical Association of America (MAA) in 1977. As Pólya notes in the preface, Bowden carefully followed a tape recording of a course Pólya gave several times at Stanford in order to put the book together. Pólya notes in the preface "that the following pages will be useful, yet they should not be regarded as a finished expression."

Legacy edit

There are three prizes named after Pólya, causing occasional confusion of one for another. In 1969 the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM) established the George Pólya Prize, given alternately in two categories for "a notable application of combinatorial theory" and for "a notable contribution in another area of interest to George Pólya."[11]

In 1976 the Mathematical Association of America (MAA) established the George Pólya Award "for articles of expository excellence" published in the College Mathematics Journal.[12] In 1987 the London Mathematical Society (LMS) established the Pólya Prize for "outstanding creativity in, imaginative exposition of, or distinguished contribution to, mathematics within the United Kingdom."[13] In 1991, the MAA established the George Pólya Lectureship series.[14]

Stanford University has a Polya Hall named in his honor.[15]

Selected publications edit

Books edit

  • Aufgaben und Lehrsätze aus der Analysis, 1st edn. 1925.[16] ("Problems and theorems in analysis“). Springer, Berlin 1975 (with Gábor Szegő).
  1. Reihen. 1975, 4th edn., ISBN 3-540-04874-X.
  2. Funktionentheorie, Nullstellen, Polynome, Determinanten, Zahlentheorie. 1975, 4th edn., ISBN 3-540-05456-1.
  • Mathematik und plausibles Schliessen. Birkhäuser, Basel 1988,
  1. Induktion und Analogie in der Mathematik, 3rd edn., ISBN 3-7643-1986-0 (Wissenschaft und Kultur; 14).
  2. Typen und Strukturen plausibler Folgerung, 2nd edn., ISBN 3-7643-0715-3 (Wissenschaft und Kultur; 15).
  • – English translation: Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning, Princeton University Press 1954, 2 volumes (Vol. 1: Induction and Analogy in Mathematics, Vol. 2: Patterns of Plausible Inference)
  • Schule des Denkens. Vom Lösen mathematischer Probleme ("How to solve it"). 4th edn. Francke Verlag, Tübingen 1995, ISBN 3-7720-0608-6 (Sammlung Dalp).
  • – English translation: How to Solve It, Princeton University Press 2004 (with foreword by John Horton Conway and added exercises)
  • Vom Lösen mathematischer Aufgaben. 2nd edn. Birkhäuser, Basel 1983, ISBN 3-7643-0298-4 (Wissenschaft und Kultur; 21).
  • – English translation: Mathematical Discovery: On Understanding, Learning and Teaching Problem Solving, 2 volumes, Wiley 1962 (published in one vol. 1981)
  • Collected Papers, 4 volumes, MIT Press 1974 (ed. Ralph P. Boas). Vol. 1: Singularities of Analytic Functions, Vol. 2: Location of Zeros, Vol. 3: Analysis, Vol. 4: Probability, Combinatorics
  • with R. C. Read: Combinatorial enumeration of groups, graphs, and chemical compounds, Springer Verlag 1987 (English translation of Kombinatorische Anzahlbestimmungen für Gruppen, Graphen und chemische Verbindungen, Acta Mathematica, vol. 68, 1937, pp. 145–254) ISBN 978-0387964133
  • with Godfrey Harold Hardy: John Edensor Littlewood Inequalities, Cambridge University Press 1934
  • Mathematical Methods in Science, MAA, Washington D. C. 1977 (ed. Leon Bowden) ISBN 0-88385-626-3
  • with Gordon Latta: Complex Variables, Wiley 1974
  • with Robert E. Tarjan, Donald R. Woods: Notes on introductory combinatorics, Birkhäuser 1983 ISBN 978-3-7643-3170-2
  • with Jeremy Kilpatrick: The Stanford mathematics problem book: with hints and solutions, New York: Teachers College Press 1974
  • with several co-authors: Applied combinatorial mathematics, Wiley 1964 (ed. Edwin F. Beckenbach)
  • with Gábor Szegő: Isoperimetric inequalities in mathematical physics, Princeton, Annals of Mathematical Studies 27, 1951

Articles edit

  • Pólya, G. (1922). "On the mean-value theorem corresponding to a given linear homogeneous differential equation". Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 24 (4): 312–324. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-1922-1501228-5. MR 1501228.
  • Polya, G. (1941). "On Functions Whose Derivatives Do Not Vanish in a Given Interval". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 27 (4): 216–218. Bibcode:1941PNAS...27..216P. doi:10.1073/pnas.27.4.216. PMC 1078308. PMID 16578010.
  • Polya, G. (1941). "Sur l'existence de fonctions entières satisfaisant à certaines conditions linéaires". Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 50 (1): 129–139. doi:10.2307/1989913. JSTOR 1989913. MR 0004304.
  • with Ralph P. Boas, Jr.: Boas, R. P.; Polya, G. (1941). "Generalizations of Completely Convex Functions". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 27 (6): 323–325. Bibcode:1941PNAS...27..323B. doi:10.1073/pnas.27.6.323. PMC 1078330. PMID 16588467.
  • Pólya, George (1942). "On converse gap theorems". Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 52 (1): 65–71. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-1942-0006577-0. MR 0006577.
  • with Norbert Wiener: Pólya, George; Wiener, Norbert (1942). "On the oscillation of the derivatives of a periodic function". Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 52 (2): 249–256. doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-1942-0007169-x. MR 0007169.
  • "On the zeros of a derivative of a function and its analytic character" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 49, Part 1 (3): 178–191. 1943. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1943-07853-6. MR 0007781.
  • Polya, G. (1947). "A Minimum Problem About the Motion of a Solid Through a Fluid". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 33 (7): 218–221. Bibcode:1947PNAS...33..218P. doi:10.1073/pnas.33.7.218. PMC 1079030. PMID 16588747.
  • Polya, G. (1950). "Remark on Weyl's Note "Inequalities Between the Two Kinds of Eigenvalues of a Linear Transformation". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 36 (1): 49–51. Bibcode:1950PNAS...36...49P. doi:10.1073/pnas.36.1.49. PMC 1063130. PMID 16588947.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ George Polya in the Swiss historic lexicon.
  2. ^ Alexanderson, Gerald L. (2000). The random walks of George Pólya. Washington, DC: Mathematical Association of America. ISBN 9780883855287.
  3. ^ Marx, György (March 1997). . Archived from the original on April 9, 2022. Retrieved September 11, 2022.
  4. ^ . Archived from the original on March 2, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2009.
  5. ^ Harold D. Taylor, Loretta Taylor (1993). George Pólya: master of discovery 1887–1985. Dale Seymour Publications. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-86651-611-2. Plancherel was a military man, a colonel in the Swiss army, and a devout Catholic; Pólya did not like military ceremonies or activities, and he was an agnostic who objected to hierarchical religions.
  6. ^ "George Pólya". Mathematics Genealogy Project. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
  7. ^ Roberts, A. Wayne (1995). Faces of Mathematics, Third Edition. New York, NY USA: HarperCollins College Publishers. p. 479. ISBN 0-06-501069-8.
  8. ^ Pólya, G. "Ueber eine Eigenschaft des Gaussschen Fehlergesetzes". In: Atti del Congresso Internazionale dei Matematici: Bologna del 3 al 10 de settembre di 1928. Vol. 6. pp. 63–64.
  9. ^ Dembart, Lee (September 8, 1985). "George Polya, 97, Dean of Mathematicians, Dies". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 20, 2022.
  10. ^ Schoenfeld, Alan H. (December 1987). "Pólya, Problem Solving, and Education". Mathematics Magazine. 60 (5). Mathematics Magazine, Vol. 60, No. 5: 283–291. doi:10.2307/2690409. hdl:10983/26321. JSTOR 2690409.
  11. ^ Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics George Pólya Prize
  12. ^ Mathematical Association of America George Pólya Award
  13. ^ . Archived from the original on May 10, 2010. Retrieved October 9, 2009.
  14. ^ "Pólya Lectures". Mathematical Association of America. Retrieved November 15, 2022.
  15. ^ "POLYA HALL, 14-160". Retrieved April 3, 2020.
  16. ^ Tamarkin, J. D. (1928). "Review: Aufgaben und Lehrsätze aus der Analysis, vols. 1 & 2, by George Pólya and Gábor Szegő" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 34 (2): 233–234. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1928-04522-6. (PDF) from the original on April 2, 2015.

External links edit

 
Wikiquote has quotations related to George Pólya.

January 01, 1970
george, pólya, native, form, this, personal, name, pólya, györgy, this, article, uses, western, name, order, when, mentioning, individuals, hungarian, pólya, györgy, pronounced, ˈpoːjɒ, ˈɟørɟ, december, 1887, september, 1985, hungarian, american, mathematician. The native form of this personal name is Polya Gyorgy This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals George Polya ˈ p oʊ l j e Hungarian Polya Gyorgy pronounced ˈpoːjɒ ˈɟorɟ December 13 1887 September 7 1985 was a Hungarian American mathematician He was a professor of mathematics from 1914 to 1940 at ETH Zurich and from 1940 to 1953 at Stanford University He made fundamental contributions to combinatorics number theory numerical analysis and probability theory He is also noted for his work in heuristics and mathematics education 2 He has been described as one of The Martians 3 an informal category which included one of his most famous students at ETH Zurich John von Neumann George PolyaGeorge Polya before 1935BornGyorgy Polya 1887 12 13 December 13 1887Budapest Kingdom of Hungary Austria HungaryDiedSeptember 7 1985 1985 09 07 aged 97 Palo Alto California U S NationalityHungarianCitizenshipHungarianSwiss 1918 1947 American 1947 1 Alma materEotvos Lorand UniversityKnown forPolya Szego inequalityHow to Solve ItMultivariate Polya distributionPolya conjecturePolya enumeration theoremLandau Kolmogorov inequalityPolya Vinogradov inequalityPolya inequalityPolya Aeppli distributionPolya urn modelFueter Polya theoremHilbert Polya conjectureJordan Polya numbersScientific careerFieldsMathematicsInstitutionsETH ZurichStanford UniversityDoctoral advisorLipot FejerDoctoral studentsAlbert Edrei de Hans EinsteinFritz GassmannAlbert PflugerWalter SaxerJames J StokerAlice Roth Contents 1 Life and works 2 Heuristics 3 Legacy 4 Selected publications 4 1 Books 4 2 Articles 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksLife and works editPolya was born in Budapest Austria Hungary to Anna Deutsch and Jakab Polya Hungarian Jews who had converted to Christianity in 1886 4 Although his parents were religious and he was baptized into the Catholic Church upon birth George eventually grew up to be an agnostic 5 He received a PhD under Lipot Fejer in 1912 at Eotvos Lorand University 6 He was a professor of mathematics from 1914 to 1940 at ETH Zurich in Switzerland and from 1940 to 1953 at Stanford University He remained a Professor Emeritus at Stanford for the rest of his career working on a range of mathematical topics including series number theory mathematical analysis geometry algebra combinatorics and probability 7 He was invited to speak at the ICM at Bologna in 1928 8 at Oslo in 1936 and at Cambridge Massachusetts in 1950 On September 7 1985 Polya died in Palo Alto California United States 9 due to complications of a stroke he suffered during that summer Heuristics editEarly in his career Polya wrote with Gabor Szego two influential problem books Problems and Theorems in Analysis I Series Integral Calculus Theory of Functions and II Theory of Functions Zeros Polynomials Determinants Number Theory Geometry Later in his career he spent considerable effort to identify systematic methods of problem solving to further discovery and invention in mathematics for students teachers and researchers 10 He wrote five books on the subject How to Solve It Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning Volume I Induction and Analogy in Mathematics and Volume II Patterns of Plausible Inference and Mathematical Discovery On Understanding Learning and Teaching Problem Solving volumes 1 and 2 In How to Solve It Polya provides general heuristics for solving a gamut of problems including both mathematical and non mathematical problems The book includes advice for teaching students of mathematics and a mini encyclopedia of heuristic terms It was translated into several languages and has sold over a million copies The book is still used in mathematical education Douglas Lenat s Automated Mathematician and Eurisko artificial intelligence programs were inspired by Polya s work In addition to his works directly addressing problem solving Polya wrote another short book called Mathematical Methods in Science based on a 1963 work supported by the National Science Foundation edited by Leon Bowden and published by the Mathematical Association of America MAA in 1977 As Polya notes in the preface Bowden carefully followed a tape recording of a course Polya gave several times at Stanford in order to put the book together Polya notes in the preface that the following pages will be useful yet they should not be regarded as a finished expression Legacy editThere are three prizes named after Polya causing occasional confusion of one for another In 1969 the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics SIAM established the George Polya Prize given alternately in two categories for a notable application of combinatorial theory and for a notable contribution in another area of interest to George Polya 11 In 1976 the Mathematical Association of America MAA established the George Polya Award for articles of expository excellence published in the College Mathematics Journal 12 In 1987 the London Mathematical Society LMS established the Polya Prize for outstanding creativity in imaginative exposition of or distinguished contribution to mathematics within the United Kingdom 13 In 1991 the MAA established the George Polya Lectureship series 14 Stanford University has a Polya Hall named in his honor 15 Selected publications editBooks edit Aufgaben und Lehrsatze aus der Analysis 1st edn 1925 16 Problems and theorems in analysis Springer Berlin 1975 with Gabor Szego Reihen 1975 4th edn ISBN 3 540 04874 X Funktionentheorie Nullstellen Polynome Determinanten Zahlentheorie 1975 4th edn ISBN 3 540 05456 1 Mathematik und plausibles Schliessen Birkhauser Basel 1988 Induktion und Analogie in der Mathematik 3rd edn ISBN 3 7643 1986 0 Wissenschaft und Kultur 14 Typen und Strukturen plausibler Folgerung 2nd edn ISBN 3 7643 0715 3 Wissenschaft und Kultur 15 English translation Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning Princeton University Press 1954 2 volumes Vol 1 Induction and Analogy in Mathematics Vol 2 Patterns of Plausible Inference Schule des Denkens Vom Losen mathematischer Probleme How to solve it 4th edn Francke Verlag Tubingen 1995 ISBN 3 7720 0608 6 Sammlung Dalp English translation How to Solve It Princeton University Press 2004 with foreword by John Horton Conway and added exercises Vom Losen mathematischer Aufgaben 2nd edn Birkhauser Basel 1983 ISBN 3 7643 0298 4 Wissenschaft und Kultur 21 English translation Mathematical Discovery On Understanding Learning and Teaching Problem Solving 2 volumes Wiley 1962 published in one vol 1981 Collected Papers 4 volumes MIT Press 1974 ed Ralph P Boas Vol 1 Singularities of Analytic Functions Vol 2 Location of Zeros Vol 3 Analysis Vol 4 Probability Combinatorics with R C Read Combinatorial enumeration of groups graphs and chemical compounds Springer Verlag 1987 English translation of Kombinatorische Anzahlbestimmungen fur Gruppen Graphen und chemische Verbindungen Acta Mathematica vol 68 1937 pp 145 254 ISBN 978 0387964133 with Godfrey Harold Hardy John Edensor Littlewood Inequalities Cambridge University Press 1934 Mathematical Methods in Science MAA Washington D C 1977 ed Leon Bowden ISBN 0 88385 626 3 with Gordon Latta Complex Variables Wiley 1974 with Robert E Tarjan Donald R Woods Notes on introductory combinatorics Birkhauser 1983 ISBN 978 3 7643 3170 2 with Jeremy Kilpatrick The Stanford mathematics problem book with hints and solutions New York Teachers College Press 1974 with several co authors Applied combinatorial mathematics Wiley 1964 ed Edwin F Beckenbach with Gabor Szego Isoperimetric inequalities in mathematical physics Princeton Annals of Mathematical Studies 27 1951 Articles edit Polya G 1922 On the mean value theorem corresponding to a given linear homogeneous differential equation Trans Amer Math Soc 24 4 312 324 doi 10 1090 s0002 9947 1922 1501228 5 MR 1501228 Polya G 1941 On Functions Whose Derivatives Do Not Vanish in a Given Interval Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 27 4 216 218 Bibcode 1941PNAS 27 216P doi 10 1073 pnas 27 4 216 PMC 1078308 PMID 16578010 Polya G 1941 Sur l existence de fonctions entieres satisfaisant a certaines conditions lineaires Trans Amer Math Soc 50 1 129 139 doi 10 2307 1989913 JSTOR 1989913 MR 0004304 with Ralph P Boas Jr Boas R P Polya G 1941 Generalizations of Completely Convex Functions Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 27 6 323 325 Bibcode 1941PNAS 27 323B doi 10 1073 pnas 27 6 323 PMC 1078330 PMID 16588467 Polya George 1942 On converse gap theorems Trans Amer Math Soc 52 1 65 71 doi 10 1090 s0002 9947 1942 0006577 0 MR 0006577 with Norbert Wiener Polya George Wiener Norbert 1942 On the oscillation of the derivatives of a periodic function Trans Amer Math Soc 52 2 249 256 doi 10 1090 s0002 9947 1942 0007169 x MR 0007169 On the zeros of a derivative of a function and its analytic character PDF Bull Amer Math Soc 49 Part 1 3 178 191 1943 doi 10 1090 s0002 9904 1943 07853 6 MR 0007781 Polya G 1947 A Minimum Problem About the Motion of a Solid Through a Fluid Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 33 7 218 221 Bibcode 1947PNAS 33 218P doi 10 1073 pnas 33 7 218 PMC 1079030 PMID 16588747 Polya G 1950 Remark on Weyl s Note Inequalities Between the Two Kinds of Eigenvalues of a Linear Transformation Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 36 1 49 51 Bibcode 1950PNAS 36 49P doi 10 1073 pnas 36 1 49 PMC 1063130 PMID 16588947 See also editInteger valued polynomial Laguerre Polya class Landau Kolmogorov inequality Multivariate Polya distribution Polya s characterization theorem Polya class Polya conjecture Polya distribution Polya enumeration theorem Polya Vinogradov inequality Polya inequality Polya urn model Polya s theorem Polya s proof that there is no horse of a different color Wallpaper group The Martians scientists References edit George Polya in the Swiss historic lexicon Alexanderson Gerald L 2000 The random walks of George Polya Washington DC Mathematical Association of America ISBN 9780883855287 Marx Gyorgy March 1997 A marslakok legendaja Archived from the original on April 9 2022 Retrieved September 11 2022 Polya biography Archived from the original on March 2 2012 Retrieved July 4 2009 Harold D Taylor Loretta Taylor 1993 George Polya master of discovery 1887 1985 Dale Seymour Publications p 50 ISBN 978 0 86651 611 2 Plancherel was a military man a colonel in the Swiss army and a devout Catholic Polya did not like military ceremonies or activities and he was an agnostic who objected to hierarchical religions George Polya Mathematics Genealogy Project Retrieved January 10 2023 Roberts A Wayne 1995 Faces of Mathematics Third Edition New York NY USA HarperCollins College Publishers p 479 ISBN 0 06 501069 8 Polya G Ueber eine Eigenschaft des Gaussschen Fehlergesetzes In Atti del Congresso Internazionale dei Matematici Bologna del 3 al 10 de settembre di 1928 Vol 6 pp 63 64 Dembart Lee September 8 1985 George Polya 97 Dean of Mathematicians Dies Los Angeles Times Retrieved January 20 2022 Schoenfeld Alan H December 1987 Polya Problem Solving and Education Mathematics Magazine 60 5 Mathematics Magazine Vol 60 No 5 283 291 doi 10 2307 2690409 hdl 10983 26321 JSTOR 2690409 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics George Polya Prize Mathematical Association of America George Polya Award London Mathematical Society Polya Prize Archived from the original on May 10 2010 Retrieved October 9 2009 Polya Lectures Mathematical Association of America Retrieved November 15 2022 POLYA HALL 14 160 Retrieved April 3 2020 Tamarkin J D 1928 Review Aufgaben und Lehrsatze aus der Analysis vols 1 amp 2 by George Polya and Gabor Szego PDF Bull Amer Math Soc 34 2 233 234 doi 10 1090 s0002 9904 1928 04522 6 Archived PDF from the original on April 2 2015 External links edit nbsp Wikiquote has quotations related to George Polya The George Polya Award O Connor John J Robertson Edmund F George Polya MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive University of St Andrews George Polya at the Mathematics Genealogy Project George Polya Gabor Szego Problems and theorems in analysis 1998 PolyaPower an introduction to Polya s Heuristics at the Wayback Machine archived July 28 2009 George Polya on UIUC s WikEd Memorial Resolution George Polya Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences Polya Guessing on Vimeo Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title George Polya amp oldid 1226197473, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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