The Fujian People's Government (also spelled as the Fukien People's Government, Chinese: 福建人民政府; pinyin: Fújiàn Rénmín Zhèngfǔ), officially the People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China[note 1] (Chinese: 中華共和國人民革命政府; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Gònghéguó Rénmín Gémìng Zhèngfǔ), was a short-lived anti-Kuomintang government that established a socialist state in the Republic of China's Fujian Province. It lasted between 22 November 1933 and 13 January 1934. The rebellion that led to its formation and its collapse are known as the Fujian Incident (閩變; Mǐnbiàn or 福建事變; Fújiàn Shìbiàn) or Fujian Rebellion.
Map of the Administrative divisions of the Fujian People's Government
In November 1933 some leaders of the National Revolutionary Army's 19th Route Army—including Cai Tingkai, Chen Mingshu and Jiang Guangnai, who had gained fame for their role in the January 28 Incident—were deployed to southern China to suppress a Communist rebellion. Instead, they negotiated peace with the rebels. In alliance with other Kuomintang forces under Li Jishen, the 19th Route leaders broke with Chiang Kai-shek and took control of Fujian, where they were stationed, and on 22 November 1933, proclaimed a new government. The chairman of the government was Li Jishen, Eugene Chen was foreign minister, Jiang Guangnai was finance minister and Cai Tingkai was military head and governor of Fujian Province.
Deputies of the Chinese National People's Provisional Congress
The flag was red, symbolizing the proletariat, and blue, symbolizing the peasants, with a yellow star in the middle symbolizing the glorious unity of the productive people. The name of the new state was the "Republic of China" (Zhōnghuá Gònghéguó, 中華共和國, distinct from the Republic of China named Zhōnghuá Mínguó, 中華民國), with its founding being year one. The 19th Route Army was renamed the People's Revolutionary Army (人民革命軍).
Chen Mingshu led the newly created Productive People's Party, while it had support from the "Third Party". The Chinese Youth Party considered supporting them, but were put off by their leftism and lack of realistic sustainability. The rebellion initially enjoyed popular support among most Fujianese, but high taxes to support the army decreased its popularity. In addition, the new government's decision to break continuity by issuing a new flag, new symbols and occasionally removing the portrait of the revered leader Sun Yat-sen caused hesitation in many quarters. After adopting a wait-and-see approach, the New Guangxi clique declined to support the rebels. Feng Yuxiang was widely expected to be supportive, but he remained silent. Chen Jitang and Hu Hanmin were sympathetic to their goals, but condemned them for dividing the country. The fear of a new civil war at a time of Japanese aggression was the main reason why the rebellion had very little popularity.
The rebels were motivated by, among other things, personal disagreements with Chiang Kai-shek, opposition to perceived appeasement of Japan and their assignment to the then relatively poor Fujian. The goals of the new government included the overthrow of the Kuomintang government in Nanjing, various social and political reforms and stronger resistance to foreign interference in China. The rebellion brought a temporary halt to the central government's Fifth Encirclement Campaign in southeast China. However, implied or promised aid to the rebellion from the Communist Party's Jiangxi Soviet failed to materialize due to opposition by the 28 Bolsheviks and the effort began to collapse.
The Kuomintang responded to the rebellion first with air attacks and, in January 1934, a ground offensive that quickly led to the defeat of the formerly prestigious 19th Route Army. On 13 January 1934, the government was defeated and its leaders fled or defected to Chiang Kai-shek's forces.
NotesEdit
^Although the government bore the same English name as Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang regime in Nanjing, i.e. "Republic of China," the Chinese forms names were different: 中華共和國 (Zhōnghuá Gònghéguó) for the Fujian People's Government vs. 中華民國 (Zhōnghuá Mínguó) in Nanjing.
ReferencesEdit
William F. Dorrill. The Fukien Rebellion and the CCP: A Case of Maoist Revisionism The China Quarterly, No. 37. (Jan. - Mar., 1969), pp. 31–53.
Frederick S. Litten. "The CCP and the Fujian Rebellion." Republican China, vol. XIV, number 1, November 1988, pp. 57–74. Accessed 20 February 2007.
October 17, 2023
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People s Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China redirects here For the government of the People s Republic of China see Government of the People s Republic of China For other uses see Government of China disambiguation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Fujian People s Government news newspapers books scholar JSTOR November 2015 Learn how and when to remove this template message The Fujian People s Government also spelled as the Fukien People s Government Chinese 福建人民政府 pinyin Fujian Renmin Zhengfǔ officially the People s Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China note 1 Chinese 中華共和國人民革命政府 pinyin Zhōnghua Gongheguo Renmin Geming Zhengfǔ was a short lived anti Kuomintang government that established a socialist state in the Republic of China s Fujian Province It lasted between 22 November 1933 and 13 January 1934 The rebellion that led to its formation and its collapse are known as the Fujian Incident 閩變 Mǐnbian or 福建事變 Fujian Shibian or Fujian Rebellion Republic of China中華共和國 Zhōnghua GongheguoChunghwa Konghekuo1933 1934FlagThe province of Fujian within the Guomindang Republic of China where the government was basedStatusHistorical unrecognised stateCapitalFuzhouCommon languagesChinese Mandarin Min Hakka Gan and Wu She languageChairman of the People s Revolutionary Government Committee 1933 1934Li JishenChairman of the Presidium of the Chinese National People s Provisional Congress 1933 1934Huang QixiangChairman of the Military Commission 1933 1934Li JishenLegislatureChinese National People s Provisional CongressHistorical eraChinese Civil War Formation22 November 1933 Surrender to the Kuomintang13 January 1934Date formatyyyy mm ddyyyy年m月d日 CE CE 2697 中華共和國yy年m月d日 CE 1933 Preceded by Succeeded byRepublic of China 1912 1949 Republic of China 1912 1949 Today part ofPeople s Republic of China Fujian Mainland Republic of China Fujian Kinmen Fujian Matsu Main Leaders of the Fujian People s GovernmentBackground Edit nbsp Map of the Administrative divisions of the Fujian People s GovernmentIn November 1933 some leaders of the National Revolutionary Army s 19th Route Army including Cai Tingkai Chen Mingshu and Jiang Guangnai who had gained fame for their role in the January 28 Incident were deployed to southern China to suppress a Communist rebellion Instead they negotiated peace with the rebels In alliance with other Kuomintang forces under Li Jishen the 19th Route leaders broke with Chiang Kai shek and took control of Fujian where they were stationed and on 22 November 1933 proclaimed a new government The chairman of the government was Li Jishen Eugene Chen was foreign minister Jiang Guangnai was finance minister and Cai Tingkai was military head and governor of Fujian Province nbsp Deputies of the Chinese National People s Provisional CongressThe flag was red symbolizing the proletariat and blue symbolizing the peasants with a yellow star in the middle symbolizing the glorious unity of the productive people The name of the new state was the Republic of China Zhōnghua Gongheguo 中華共和國 distinct from the Republic of China named Zhōnghua Minguo 中華民國 with its founding being year one The 19th Route Army was renamed the People s Revolutionary Army 人民革命軍 Chen Mingshu led the newly created Productive People s Party while it had support from the Third Party The Chinese Youth Party considered supporting them but were put off by their leftism and lack of realistic sustainability The rebellion initially enjoyed popular support among most Fujianese but high taxes to support the army decreased its popularity In addition the new government s decision to break continuity by issuing a new flag new symbols and occasionally removing the portrait of the revered leader Sun Yat sen caused hesitation in many quarters After adopting a wait and see approach the New Guangxi clique declined to support the rebels Feng Yuxiang was widely expected to be supportive but he remained silent Chen Jitang and Hu Hanmin were sympathetic to their goals but condemned them for dividing the country The fear of a new civil war at a time of Japanese aggression was the main reason why the rebellion had very little popularity The rebels were motivated by among other things personal disagreements with Chiang Kai shek opposition to perceived appeasement of Japan and their assignment to the then relatively poor Fujian The goals of the new government included the overthrow of the Kuomintang government in Nanjing various social and political reforms and stronger resistance to foreign interference in China The rebellion brought a temporary halt to the central government s Fifth Encirclement Campaign in southeast China However implied or promised aid to the rebellion from the Communist Party s Jiangxi Soviet failed to materialize due to opposition by the 28 Bolsheviks and the effort began to collapse The Kuomintang responded to the rebellion first with air attacks and in January 1934 a ground offensive that quickly led to the defeat of the formerly prestigious 19th Route Army On 13 January 1934 the government was defeated and its leaders fled or defected to Chiang Kai shek s forces Notes Edit Although the government bore the same English name as Chiang Kai shek s Kuomintang regime in Nanjing i e Republic of China the Chinese forms names were different 中華共和國 Zhōnghua Gongheguo for the Fujian People s Government vs 中華民國 Zhōnghua Minguo in Nanjing References EditWilliam F Dorrill The Fukien Rebellion and the CCP A Case of Maoist Revisionism The China Quarterly No 37 Jan Mar 1969 pp 31 53 Frederick S Litten The CCP and the Fujian Rebellion Republican China vol XIV number 1 November 1988 pp 57 74 Accessed 20 February 2007 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fujian People 27s Government amp oldid 1177107011, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
