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France–Israel relations

August 28, 2023

France–Israel relations are the bilateral ties between the French Republic and the State of Israel. In the early 1950s, the two countries maintained close political and military ties. France was Israel's main weapons supplier until the French withdrawal from Algeria in 1962. Three days before the outbreak of the Third Arab–Israeli War in 1967, the government of Charles de Gaulle imposed an arms embargo on the region, mostly affecting Israel.[1]

France–Israel relations

France
Israel
Diplomatic mission
Embassy of France, Tel AvivEmbassy of Israel, Paris

Under François Mitterrand in the early 1980s, bilateral relations improved greatly. Mitterrand was the first French president to visit Israel while in office.[2] After Jacques Chirac was elected as president in 1995, France's relationship with Israel declined due to his support for Yasser Arafat during the first stages of the Second Intifada.[3] After being elected as president in May 2007, Nicolas Sarkozy said that he would refuse to greet any world leader who does not recognize Israel's right to exist.[4] Relations have continued to warm since 2017, under the presidency of Emmanuel Macron.

History Edit

See also: Napoleon and the Jews
 
French Emperor Napoleon, who was widely revered by Jewish people as a savior for his tolerance

Napoleon, the first and second Emperor of the First French Empire, declared emancipation by his decree allowing Jews to be free to worship their religion and prohibit any kind of persecution on Jewish people, and he obtained the title as a liberator.[5][6] He remains highly respected by Jews even after the establishment of Israel.[7]

The Dreyfus affair between 1894 and 1906 was the first and rather bitter connection between the Zionist Movement and France. The ousting of a Jewish French officer in a modern European state motivated Theodor Herzl in organizing the First Zionist Congress and pledging for a home for the Jews in 1897. During the fourth Zionist Congress in London in 1900, Herzl said in his speech there that "...there is no necessity for justifying the holding the Congress in London. England is one of the last remaining places on earth where there is freedom from anti-Jewish hatred." While the British Government began to recognize the importance and validity of the Zionist movement, the French remained absent. Bonds between the Zionist Movement and France strengthened during Germany's occupation of France in World War II due to the common German enemy.[8]

1940s–1960s Edit

 
June 14, 1960, first meeting between David Ben-Gurion and Charles de Gaulle at Élysée Palace
 
French foreign minister Maurice Couve de Murville with Ben-Gurion

I had forecast that once the Algerian War was over, France would drop Israel like a hot coal and renew its ties with the Arab world. And that, of course, is exactly what happened – Israel adopted the US instead.

Uri Avnery[9]

After France's liberation by Allied forces, David Ben-Gurion was confident that Charles de Gaulle would assist him in the founding of a Jewish state. On 12 January 1949 France recognized the existence of Israel and supported the decision for Israel to join the United Nations. In 1953 France started selling French weapons to Israel and became one of its closest allies and supporters.[citation needed]. France then shared with Israel a strategic interest against radical Arab nationalism, as it had to cope with nationalist sentiment in its Algerian territories. During the late 1950s France supplied Israel with the Mirage - Israel's most advanced aircraft to date and their first cutting edge combat aircraft.

In October 1957 an agreement was signed between France and Israel about the construction of the nuclear power plant in Israel, which was completed in 1963. Future Israeli President Shimon Peres was the politician who brokered the deal. In Michael Karpin's 2001 documentary A Bomb in the Basement, Abel Thomas, chief of political staff for France's defense minister at the time said Francis Perrin, head of the French Atomic Energy Commission, advised then-Prime Minister Guy Mollet that Israel should be provided with a nuclear bomb. According to the documentary, France provided Israel with a nuclear reactor and staff to set it up in Israel together with enriched uranium and the means to produce plutonium in exchange for support in the Suez War.[10][11]

The Suez Crisis of 1956 marked a watershed for Israeli-French relations.[12][13] Israel, France and the United Kingdom had conspired for control of the Suez Canal.[12][14] Israel initiated a surprise invasion of Egypt, followed by the United Kingdom and France. The aims were to regain Western control of the Suez Canal and to remove Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser from power,[15] as well as reopening the Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping and stop Egyptian-sponsored fedayeen raids into Israel.[16] After the fighting had started, the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Nations forced Britain and France to withdraw. Israel wisely held out a few more months until the establishment of UNEF, which ensured freedom of navigation for Israel of the Straits of Tiran.

In the 1960s, with the expulsion of France from North Africa completed in 1962, the shared strategic interest against Arab nationalism dissipated, leading France to take a more conciliatory attitude toward the Arab nations and a correspondingly harsher tone toward Israel. However, work on the nuclear reactor continues with French help. France imposed an arms embargo on Israel before the beginning of the Six-Day War. After the embargo the Israeli Air Force was severely limited in long-term strategic planning and capability, as the embargo caused a shortage in spare parts for most of Israel's French fighter aircraft, which were highly advanced at the time. According to the New York Times, "this double game, however, ended when the Six-Day War in 1967 forced France to pick a side. In a shock to its Israeli allies, it chose the Arab states: despite aggressive moves by Egypt, France imposed a temporary arms embargo on the region — which mostly hurt Israel — and warned senior Israeli officials to avoid hostilities."[17]

The change of sides impaired as well the French-American relationship, as France was seen as an increasingly outdated and aggressive neocolonial power. The USA started to assume its current role as ally of Israel with the Six-Day War in 1967, while France decided to take sides with the Arab world to improve its relations after the independence of Algeria.[17]

In 1960 Ben-Gurion arrived in France for Israel's first official visit. Until the Six Day War, France was the main supplier of Israel's weapons. Just prior to the Six-Day War in June 1967, Charles de Gaulle's government imposed an arms embargo on the region, mostly affecting Israel.[1] In 1969, de Gaulle retired and Israel hoped that new president Georges Pompidou would bring about better relations, but Pompidou continued the weapons embargo, straining the relations once again.

1970s–1990s Edit

In 1981 François Mitterrand was elected 21st President of the French Republic. Mitterrand was the first left-wing head of state since 1957 and was considered a friend of the Jewish people and a lover of the Bible. In 1982 he visited Israel and spoke in the Israeli parliament, the Knesset. Both Israel and France deployed their armed forces to Lebanon during the Lebanese Civil War.

2000s Edit

 
Tzipi Livni and French FM Douste-Blazy, 2006

In 2006 French exports to Israel rose to €683 million ($1.06 billion). France is Israel's 11th greatest supplier of goods and represents Israel's ninth largest market. France's main export items are motor vehicles, plastics, organic chemicals, aeronautical and space engineering products, perfumes and cosmetics.[18] The second-largest percentage of tourists that visit Israel come from France.[19]

On February 13, 2008, Sarkozy spoke at the annual dinner of the French Jewish CRIF (Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France). The address was seen as a sign of newfound warmth between France's Élysée Palace and French Jewry, whose place in French society has been shaken in recent years following a surge in anti-Semitic attacks. "Israel can count on a new dynamic to its relationship with the European Union", said Sarkozy. "France will never compromise on Israel's security."

Israel welcomed Sarkozy's tough stance against the Iran-backed Hamas and Iran-backed Hezbollah. During the 2006 Lebanon War, France played a key role in Europe's efforts to get a quick ceasefire.[20]

On 30 June 2009, French President Nicolas Sarkozy urged Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to dismiss Israeli Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman from his post, saying "You have to get rid of that man. You need to remove him from this position.”[21]

2010s Edit

In January 2016 French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius announced that France would convene an international conference with the objective of enabling new Israeli-Palestinian peace talks. He said, however, that if these talks were unsuccessful, then France would recognize a Palestinian state.[22][23] Israeli officials rejected what was considered an ultimatum, while Israeli opposition leaders said the French threat to recognize Palestine was triggered by the current Israeli government's failed diplomacy.[24] France has yet to recognize Palestine.

2020s Edit

As Turkish–French rift increased following French President Emmanuel Macron's criticism of Islamist terrorism, Turkish leader Recep Tayyip Erdoğan had compared the treatment of Muslims in Europe similar to Nazi treatment on Jews in World War II. This statement was condemned in Israel, who pointed out the Turkish government's absence on voicing solidarity following the murder of French teacher Samuel Paty, as well as accusing Turkish government of hyping the situation and signal the differences between Nazi policy in World War II and French struggle against Islamic extremism.[25] Israel and France, along with Russia, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Greece, Cyprus and Egypt, have also recently worked together against Turkey in various fronts, from the Kurdish question in Syria to the conflicts in Libya and Syria.[26][27][28]

In 2020, Macron gave a statement stating that anti-Zionism was a form of anti-Semitism, elaborating that it "doesn’t mean it becomes impossible to have disagreements, to criticize this or that action by the Israeli government, but negating its existence today is clearly a contemporary form of anti-Semitism".[29]

Cultural, scientific and technical cooperation Edit

 
A French fire fighting plane (Bombardier Dash-8) preparing for takeoff in northern Israel

France's cultural, technological and scientific cooperation with Israel is based on bilateral agreements that date back to 1959.

In June 2007 a new French Institute opened in Tel Aviv. In honor of Israel's 60th anniversary of its independence, Israel was the official guest at the annual Book Fair in Paris in March 2008.

Since 2004, network research programs have been launched in medical genetics, mathematics, medical and biological imaging, as well as bioinformatics, with nearly 100 researchers involved in each. New programs are expected to be introduced in the areas of genomics, cancer research, neuroscience, astrophysics and robotics.

As part of the French culinary festival "So French, So Good," 12 respected French chefs visited Israel in February 2013 to work with Israeli chefs and hold master classes.[30]

Resident diplomatic missions Edit

  •  

    Embassy of France in Tel Aviv

  •  

    Embassy of Israel in Paris

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ a b Cristol, Jay (2002-07-09). "When Did the U.S. and Israel Become Allies? (Hint: Trick Question)". History News Network. The Israelis continued to rely on their French military arms supplier until the 1960s, when Charles de Gaulle came to power. De Gaulle made peace with the Arabs and gave up the French claim to Algeria. DeGaulle then began to mend fences with the Arabs and the first victim of this new reality was the French-Israel connection.
  2. ^ Israel – Western Europe
  3. ^ Hershco, Tsilla: "The French Presidential Elections of May 2007: Implications for French-Israeli Relations", The Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, May 29, 2007, http://www.biu.ac.il/SOC/besa/docs/perspectives29.pdf 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ "Sarkozy attacks Iran for its stance on Israel". Reuters. February 13, 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  5. ^ Geroulis, Anthony J.; Fournier, John; Petro, Jane A. (2009). "Napoleon, the Liberator of the Jewish People". The American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery. 26: 8–10. doi:10.1177/074880680902600104. S2CID 164708682.
  6. ^ "Napoleon I and the integration of the Jews in France: Some points of interest".
  7. ^ Shulim, Joseph J. (1945). "Napoleon I as the Jewish Messiah: Some Contemporary Conceptions in Virginia". Jewish Social Studies. 7 (3): 275–280. JSTOR 4615236.
  8. ^ Rubenstein, Richard L., and Roth, John K. (2003). Approaches to Auschwitz: The Holocaust and Its Legacy, p.94. Louisville. Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 0-664-22353-2.
  9. ^ Avnery, Uri (24 September 2016). [zope.gush-shalom.org/home/en/channels/avnery/1474654260/ "The Saga of Sisyphus"]. Gush Shalom. Retrieved 22 January 2023. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  10. ^ Inigo Gilmore (23 December 2001). "Israel reveals secrets of how it gained bomb". The Telegraph.
  11. ^ "Documentary Says Israel Got Nuclear Weapons From France". Fox News. Associated Press. 2 November 2001.
  12. ^ a b Newman, David (2010-03-28). "Repairing Israel-UK Relations". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2012-01-12.
  13. ^ Black, Ian (2010-02-18). "Dubai killing deals another blow to faltering UK-Israel relations". Guardian. London. Retrieved 2012-01-12.
  14. ^ "Israel threatens British boycott". The Times. London.
  15. ^ Mayer, Michael S. (2010). The Eisenhower Years. Infobase Publishing. p. 44. ISBN 9780816053872.
  16. ^ Chaim Herzog and Shlomo Gazit, The Arab-Israeli wars: War and peace in the Middle East from the 1948 War of Independence to the present (3rd ed. 2008) pp. 113–117
  17. ^ a b Bass, Gary J. (31 March 2010). "When Israel and France Broke Up". The New York Times.
  18. ^ https://blog.euroquity.com/attachment/273812/[bare URL PDF]
  19. ^ VISITOR ARRIVALS(1), BY COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP, Central Bureau of Statistics
  20. ^ Tsilla Hershco and Amos Schupak, France, the EU presidency and its implications for the Middle-East 2010-08-22 at the Wayback Machine, The Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs, Volume 3 No 2, July 19, 2009, pp. 63-73
  21. ^ Russia Today - Sarkozy to Netanyahu: fire your foreign minister
  22. ^ Israel Rejects French Ultimatum The Times of Israel, Jan. 29, 1016
  23. ^ Dorell, Oren (January 29, 2016). "France threatens to recognize Palestinian state if no progress with Israel". USA Today.
  24. ^ "Opposition blames government failings for French recognition threat". The Times of Israel. January 30, 2016. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  25. ^ Kahana, Ariel (October 28, 2020). "Israel blasts Erdogan's 'disgusting' comparison of Muslims in France to Jews in WWII". Israel Hayom. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  26. ^ Gabon, Alain (October 30, 2020). "France-Turkey showdown: A battle to shape the regional order". Middle East Eye. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  27. ^ "Turkey Accuses France, Israel of Establishing a 'Terror State' in Syria". Al Bawaba. November 2, 2019. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  28. ^ Antonopoulos, Paul (August 15, 2020). "Israeli-Emirati peace deal is a major blow to Turkey's regional ambitions". Greek City Times. Retrieved February 20, 2021.
  29. ^ "Israel – Statements by M. Emmanuel Macron, President of the Republic, during his joint press briefing with Mr Reuven Rivlin, President of Israel (Jerusalem, 22 Jan. 2020)".
  30. ^ , Jerusalem Post
  31. ^ Embassy of France in Tel Aviv
  32. ^ Embassy of Israel in Paris

External links Edit

  • Association France–Israël (in French)
  • Sharon's visit to France
  • (French Israel relations review)
  • (French Embassy)
  • History of France-Israel Friendship Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs

August 28, 2023
france, israel, relations, help, expand, this, article, with, text, translated, from, corresponding, article, french, click, show, important, translation, instructions, machine, translation, like, deepl, google, translate, useful, starting, point, translations. You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at fr Relations entre la France et Israel see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated fr Relations entre la France et Israel to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Hebrew Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 422 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Hebrew Wikipedia article at he יחסי ישראל צרפת see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated he יחסי ישראל צרפת to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation France Israel relations are the bilateral ties between the French Republic and the State of Israel In the early 1950s the two countries maintained close political and military ties France was Israel s main weapons supplier until the French withdrawal from Algeria in 1962 Three days before the outbreak of the Third Arab Israeli War in 1967 the government of Charles de Gaulle imposed an arms embargo on the region mostly affecting Israel 1 France Israel relationsFrance IsraelDiplomatic missionEmbassy of France Tel AvivEmbassy of Israel ParisUnder Francois Mitterrand in the early 1980s bilateral relations improved greatly Mitterrand was the first French president to visit Israel while in office 2 After Jacques Chirac was elected as president in 1995 France s relationship with Israel declined due to his support for Yasser Arafat during the first stages of the Second Intifada 3 After being elected as president in May 2007 Nicolas Sarkozy said that he would refuse to greet any world leader who does not recognize Israel s right to exist 4 Relations have continued to warm since 2017 under the presidency of Emmanuel Macron Contents 1 History 1 1 1940s 1960s 1 2 1970s 1990s 1 3 2000s 1 4 2010s 1 5 2020s 2 Cultural scientific and technical cooperation 3 Resident diplomatic missions 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksHistory EditSee also Napoleon and the Jews French Emperor Napoleon who was widely revered by Jewish people as a savior for his toleranceNapoleon the first and second Emperor of the First French Empire declared emancipation by his decree allowing Jews to be free to worship their religion and prohibit any kind of persecution on Jewish people and he obtained the title as a liberator 5 6 He remains highly respected by Jews even after the establishment of Israel 7 The Dreyfus affair between 1894 and 1906 was the first and rather bitter connection between the Zionist Movement and France The ousting of a Jewish French officer in a modern European state motivated Theodor Herzl in organizing the First Zionist Congress and pledging for a home for the Jews in 1897 During the fourth Zionist Congress in London in 1900 Herzl said in his speech there that there is no necessity for justifying the holding the Congress in London England is one of the last remaining places on earth where there is freedom from anti Jewish hatred While the British Government began to recognize the importance and validity of the Zionist movement the French remained absent Bonds between the Zionist Movement and France strengthened during Germany s occupation of France in World War II due to the common German enemy 8 1940s 1960s Edit June 14 1960 first meeting between David Ben Gurion and Charles de Gaulle at Elysee Palace French foreign minister Maurice Couve de Murville with Ben GurionI had forecast that once the Algerian War was over France would drop Israel like a hot coal and renew its ties with the Arab world And that of course is exactly what happened Israel adopted the US instead Uri Avnery 9 After France s liberation by Allied forces David Ben Gurion was confident that Charles de Gaulle would assist him in the founding of a Jewish state On 12 January 1949 France recognized the existence of Israel and supported the decision for Israel to join the United Nations In 1953 France started selling French weapons to Israel and became one of its closest allies and supporters citation needed France then shared with Israel a strategic interest against radical Arab nationalism as it had to cope with nationalist sentiment in its Algerian territories During the late 1950s France supplied Israel with the Mirage Israel s most advanced aircraft to date and their first cutting edge combat aircraft In October 1957 an agreement was signed between France and Israel about the construction of the nuclear power plant in Israel which was completed in 1963 Future Israeli President Shimon Peres was the politician who brokered the deal In Michael Karpin s 2001 documentary A Bomb in the Basement Abel Thomas chief of political staff for France s defense minister at the time said Francis Perrin head of the French Atomic Energy Commission advised then Prime Minister Guy Mollet that Israel should be provided with a nuclear bomb According to the documentary France provided Israel with a nuclear reactor and staff to set it up in Israel together with enriched uranium and the means to produce plutonium in exchange for support in the Suez War 10 11 The Suez Crisis of 1956 marked a watershed for Israeli French relations 12 13 Israel France and the United Kingdom had conspired for control of the Suez Canal 12 14 Israel initiated a surprise invasion of Egypt followed by the United Kingdom and France The aims were to regain Western control of the Suez Canal and to remove Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser from power 15 as well as reopening the Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping and stop Egyptian sponsored fedayeen raids into Israel 16 After the fighting had started the United States the Soviet Union and the United Nations forced Britain and France to withdraw Israel wisely held out a few more months until the establishment of UNEF which ensured freedom of navigation for Israel of the Straits of Tiran In the 1960s with the expulsion of France from North Africa completed in 1962 the shared strategic interest against Arab nationalism dissipated leading France to take a more conciliatory attitude toward the Arab nations and a correspondingly harsher tone toward Israel However work on the nuclear reactor continues with French help France imposed an arms embargo on Israel before the beginning of the Six Day War After the embargo the Israeli Air Force was severely limited in long term strategic planning and capability as the embargo caused a shortage in spare parts for most of Israel s French fighter aircraft which were highly advanced at the time According to the New York Times this double game however ended when the Six Day War in 1967 forced France to pick a side In a shock to its Israeli allies it chose the Arab states despite aggressive moves by Egypt France imposed a temporary arms embargo on the region which mostly hurt Israel and warned senior Israeli officials to avoid hostilities 17 The change of sides impaired as well the French American relationship as France was seen as an increasingly outdated and aggressive neocolonial power The USA started to assume its current role as ally of Israel with the Six Day War in 1967 while France decided to take sides with the Arab world to improve its relations after the independence of Algeria 17 In 1960 Ben Gurion arrived in France for Israel s first official visit Until the Six Day War France was the main supplier of Israel s weapons Just prior to the Six Day War in June 1967 Charles de Gaulle s government imposed an arms embargo on the region mostly affecting Israel 1 In 1969 de Gaulle retired and Israel hoped that new president Georges Pompidou would bring about better relations but Pompidou continued the weapons embargo straining the relations once again 1970s 1990s Edit In 1981 Francois Mitterrand was elected 21st President of the French Republic Mitterrand was the first left wing head of state since 1957 and was considered a friend of the Jewish people and a lover of the Bible In 1982 he visited Israel and spoke in the Israeli parliament the Knesset Both Israel and France deployed their armed forces to Lebanon during the Lebanese Civil War 2000s Edit Tzipi Livni and French FM Douste Blazy 2006In 2006 French exports to Israel rose to 683 million 1 06 billion France is Israel s 11th greatest supplier of goods and represents Israel s ninth largest market France s main export items are motor vehicles plastics organic chemicals aeronautical and space engineering products perfumes and cosmetics 18 The second largest percentage of tourists that visit Israel come from France 19 On February 13 2008 Sarkozy spoke at the annual dinner of the French Jewish CRIF Conseil Representatif des Institutions juives de France The address was seen as a sign of newfound warmth between France s Elysee Palace and French Jewry whose place in French society has been shaken in recent years following a surge in anti Semitic attacks Israel can count on a new dynamic to its relationship with the European Union said Sarkozy France will never compromise on Israel s security Israel welcomed Sarkozy s tough stance against the Iran backed Hamas and Iran backed Hezbollah During the 2006 Lebanon War France played a key role in Europe s efforts to get a quick ceasefire 20 On 30 June 2009 French President Nicolas Sarkozy urged Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to dismiss Israeli Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman from his post saying You have to get rid of that man You need to remove him from this position 21 2010s Edit In January 2016 French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius announced that France would convene an international conference with the objective of enabling new Israeli Palestinian peace talks He said however that if these talks were unsuccessful then France would recognize a Palestinian state 22 23 Israeli officials rejected what was considered an ultimatum while Israeli opposition leaders said the French threat to recognize Palestine was triggered by the current Israeli government s failed diplomacy 24 France has yet to recognize Palestine 2020s Edit As Turkish French rift increased following French President Emmanuel Macron s criticism of Islamist terrorism Turkish leader Recep Tayyip Erdogan had compared the treatment of Muslims in Europe similar to Nazi treatment on Jews in World War II This statement was condemned in Israel who pointed out the Turkish government s absence on voicing solidarity following the murder of French teacher Samuel Paty as well as accusing Turkish government of hyping the situation and signal the differences between Nazi policy in World War II and French struggle against Islamic extremism 25 Israel and France along with Russia Saudi Arabia the United Arab Emirates Greece Cyprus and Egypt have also recently worked together against Turkey in various fronts from the Kurdish question in Syria to the conflicts in Libya and Syria 26 27 28 In 2020 Macron gave a statement stating that anti Zionism was a form of anti Semitism elaborating that it doesn t mean it becomes impossible to have disagreements to criticize this or that action by the Israeli government but negating its existence today is clearly a contemporary form of anti Semitism 29 Cultural scientific and technical cooperation Edit A French fire fighting plane Bombardier Dash 8 preparing for takeoff in northern IsraelFrance s cultural technological and scientific cooperation with Israel is based on bilateral agreements that date back to 1959 In June 2007 a new French Institute opened in Tel Aviv In honor of Israel s 60th anniversary of its independence Israel was the official guest at the annual Book Fair in Paris in March 2008 Since 2004 network research programs have been launched in medical genetics mathematics medical and biological imaging as well as bioinformatics with nearly 100 researchers involved in each New programs are expected to be introduced in the areas of genomics cancer research neuroscience astrophysics and robotics As part of the French culinary festival So French So Good 12 respected French chefs visited Israel in February 2013 to work with Israeli chefs and hold master classes 30 Resident diplomatic missions EditFrance has an embassy in Tel Aviv and a consulate general in Haifa 31 Israel has an embassy in Paris and a consulate general in Marseille 32 Embassy of France in Tel Aviv Embassy of Israel in ParisSee also EditDreyfus affair International recognition of Israel Foreign relations of Vichy France History of the Jews in France French Jews in Israel Napoleon and the JewsReferences Edit a b Cristol Jay 2002 07 09 When Did the U S and Israel Become Allies Hint Trick Question History News Network The Israelis continued to rely on their French military arms supplier until the 1960s when Charles de Gaulle came to power De Gaulle made peace with the Arabs and gave up the French claim to Algeria DeGaulle then began to mend fences with the Arabs and the first victim of this new reality was the French Israel connection Israel Western Europe Hershco Tsilla The French Presidential Elections of May 2007 Implications for French Israeli Relations The Begin Sadat Center for Strategic Studies May 29 2007 http www biu ac il SOC besa docs perspectives29 pdf Archived 2016 03 03 at the Wayback Machine Sarkozy attacks Iran for its stance on Israel Reuters February 13 2008 Retrieved February 20 2021 Geroulis Anthony J Fournier John Petro Jane A 2009 Napoleon the Liberator of the Jewish People The American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 26 8 10 doi 10 1177 074880680902600104 S2CID 164708682 Napoleon I and the integration of the Jews in France Some points of interest Shulim Joseph J 1945 Napoleon I as the Jewish Messiah Some Contemporary Conceptions in Virginia Jewish Social Studies 7 3 275 280 JSTOR 4615236 Rubenstein Richard L and Roth John K 2003 Approaches to Auschwitz The Holocaust and Its Legacy p 94 Louisville Kentucky Westminster John Knox Press ISBN 0 664 22353 2 Avnery Uri 24 September 2016 zope gush shalom org home en channels avnery 1474654260 The Saga of Sisyphus Gush Shalom Retrieved 22 January 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Check url value help Inigo Gilmore 23 December 2001 Israel reveals secrets of how it gained bomb The Telegraph Documentary Says Israel Got Nuclear Weapons From France Fox News Associated Press 2 November 2001 a b Newman David 2010 03 28 Repairing Israel UK Relations Jerusalem Post Retrieved 2012 01 12 Black Ian 2010 02 18 Dubai killing deals another blow to faltering UK Israel relations Guardian London Retrieved 2012 01 12 Israel threatens British boycott The Times London Mayer Michael S 2010 The Eisenhower Years Infobase Publishing p 44 ISBN 9780816053872 Chaim Herzog and Shlomo Gazit The Arab Israeli wars War and peace in the Middle East from the 1948 War of Independence to the present 3rd ed 2008 pp 113 117 a b Bass Gary J 31 March 2010 When Israel and France Broke Up The New York Times https blog euroquity com attachment 273812 bare URL PDF VISITOR ARRIVALS 1 BY COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP Central Bureau of Statistics Tsilla Hershco and Amos Schupak France the EU presidency and its implications for the Middle East Archived 2010 08 22 at the Wayback Machine The Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs Volume 3 No 2 July 19 2009 pp 63 73 Russia Today Sarkozy to Netanyahu fire your foreign minister Israel Rejects French Ultimatum The Times of Israel Jan 29 1016 Dorell Oren January 29 2016 France threatens to recognize Palestinian state if no progress with Israel USA Today Opposition blames government failings for French recognition threat The Times of Israel January 30 2016 Retrieved February 20 2021 Kahana Ariel October 28 2020 Israel blasts Erdogan s disgusting comparison of Muslims in France to Jews in WWII Israel Hayom Retrieved February 20 2021 Gabon Alain October 30 2020 France Turkey showdown A battle to shape the regional order Middle East Eye Retrieved February 20 2021 Turkey Accuses France Israel of Establishing a Terror State in Syria Al Bawaba November 2 2019 Retrieved February 20 2021 Antonopoulos Paul August 15 2020 Israeli Emirati peace deal is a major blow to Turkey s regional ambitions Greek City Times Retrieved February 20 2021 Israel Statements by M Emmanuel Macron President of the Republic during his joint press briefing with Mr Reuven Rivlin President of Israel Jerusalem 22 Jan 2020 Food for Thought Jerusalem Post Embassy of France in Tel Aviv Embassy of Israel in ParisExternal links EditAssociation France Israel in French Sharon s visit to France Israel Project French Israel relations review France Israel Association French Embassy History of France Israel Friendship Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs Portals Politics France Israel Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title France Israel relations amp oldid 1151015371, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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