Fernando Primo de Rivera

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Primo de Rivera and the second or maternal family name is Sobremonte.

Fernando Primo de Rivera y Sobremonte, 1st Marquess of Estella (24 July 1831 – 23 May 1921) was a Spanish politician and soldier.

The Most Excellent The Marquess of Estella
Photograph by Kaulak
102nd and 115th Governor and Captain-General of the Philippines
In office April 23, 1897 – April 11, 1898
Preceded by	José de Lachambre
Succeeded by	Basilio Augustín
In office April 15, 1880 – March 10, 1883
Preceded by	Rafael Rodríguez Arias
Succeeded by	Emilio Molíns
Personal details
Born	24 July 1831 Sevilla, Spain
Died	May 23, 1921(1921-05-23) (aged 89) Madrid, Spain
Relatives	José Antonio Primo de Rivera (grandnephew)^[1]

Fernando Primo de Rivera was the son of Antonio Hermenegildo Primo de Rivera y Sobremonte and his wife Ana María de Torres Rovellas y Peña Vélez (1811–1865); she was the daughter of Miguel de Torres Rovellas y Peña Vélez, 13th Count of Torres Rovellas, 8th Marquess of Peña Vélez (1764–1851). His grandfather was Bértrand Primo de Rivera (1741–1813): he was a Spanish general under the Spanish Resistance against Napoleon Bonaparte.

He served in several wars, including the 1848 and 1866 Madrid insurrections and the second Carlista War. When forces under his command in the second Carlist War captured Estella, he was named Marquess of Estella. He was the Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines from 1880 to 1883. In 1897, he again became the Spanish Governor-General of the Philippines. He temporarily suspended hostilities in the Philippine Revolution through negotiations with Emilio Aguinaldo in the Pact of Biak-na-Bato^[2] and acted briefly as Governor-General of the Philippines. He was a Minister and the 70th Prime Minister of Spain for one day between 30 and 31 December 1874. He was created the 1st Marquess of Estella^[3] on 25 May 1877, the 1,124th Knight of the Spanish Order of the Golden Fleece and the 287th Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Our Lady of the Concepcion of Vila Viçosa of Portugal in 1879.

He was married in Sevilla on 18 June 1857 to María del Pilar Arias-Quiroga y Escalera (Sevilla, Alcolea del Río, c. 1835 – 10 May 1894), 745th Dame of the Royal Order of Queen María Luisa, daughter of Juan Arias-Quiroga y Mejías, 7th Marquess of Arias-Quiroga and his wife María Manuela de Escalera y Fernández de Peñaranda, daughter of Roberto de Escalera y Fernandez de Peñarada, 46th Lord of Peñaranda, by whom he had no issue. He was also the uncle of Miguel Primo de Rivera, the Spanish dictator, and granduncle of the founder of the Falange Española, Jose Antonio Primo de Rivera.

References

1. Thomàs, Joan Maria (3 May 2019). José Antonio Primo de Rivera: The Reality and Myth of a Spanish Fascist Leader. Berghahn Books. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-78920-209-0. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
2. Ma. Guerrero, Amadis (25 June 2000). "In Bulacan, the come on is history". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
3. Raineval, Melville Henry Massue marquis de Ruvigny et (1914). The Titled Nobility of Europe: An International Peerage, Or "Who's Who," of the Sovereigns, Princes, and Nobles of Europe. Burke's Peerage. p. 625. ISBN 978-0-85011-028-9. Retrieved 2 February 2022.

Government offices
Preceded by Rafael Rodríguez Arias	Governor-General of the Philippines 1880–1883	Succeeded by Emilio Molíns
Preceded by José de Lachambre	Governor-General of the Philippines 1897–1898	Succeeded by Basilio Augustín
Spanish nobility
New title	Marquess of Estella 1877–1921	Succeeded by Miguel Primo de Rivera