A Führer city, or Führerstadt in German, was a status given to five German cities in 1937 by Adolf Hitler, the dictator of Nazi Germany.[1] The status was based on Hitler's vision of undertaking gigantic urban transformation projects in these cities, and executed by German architects including Albert Speer, Paul Ludwig Troost, German Bestelmeyer, Konstanty Gutschow, Hermann Giesler, Leonhard Gall and Paul Otto August Baumgarten. More modest reconstruction projects were to take place in thirty-five other cities, although some sources assert this number was as high as fifty.[1] These plans were however not realised for the greater part because of the onset of the Second World War, although construction continued to take place even in wartime circumstances at Hitler's insistence.[2]
A model of the European Culture Center Adolf Hitler intended to be at the heart of a revitalized Linz; the facade of the Führermuseum can be seen at the center of the image, near the top, facing the camera.A model of the planned Führermuseum, designed by Roderich Fick based on Hitler's sketchesA model of Hitler's plan for Berlin formulated under the direction of Albert Speer, looking north toward the Volkshalle at the top of the frame
After the Battle for France in 1940, Hitler ordered that the architectural reshaping of these cities was to be completed by 1950, and should represent the magnitude of the German victories in Western Europe.[3]
Linz:The town where Adolf Hitler spent his youth ("Jugendstadt des Führers"), and where he planned to retire after the war. Hitler wanted to turn Linz into a "German Budapest" – a city which, in Hitler's mind, then surpassed German cities of the Danube in beauty. Linz was to be "the new metropolis of the Danube," eclipsing Vienna, a city he hated.[4]Linz was to expand three or four times from its then current size, with Reichswerke Hermann Göring providing jobs for the laborers relocating from Vienna.[5] The bank of the Danube was to be built up with magnificent private homes, and a new "Hitler Centre" (Hitlerzentrum) was to be furbished with new community buildings.[5]Major intended building projects were a Strength through Joy hotel, new municipal buildings designed by Hermann Giesler, a NSDAP party house designed by Roderich Fick, a Wehrmacht Headquarters, an Olympic Stadium, and "as a counter to the pseudo-science of the Catholic Church" an observatory representing "the three great cosmological conceptions of history — those of Ptolemy, of Copernicus and of Hörbiger."[4] A new Gau house for Reichsgau Oberdonau was to feature a hall and a tower, under which Hitler's crypt was to be located.[6]Monuments and buildings to commemorate the Anschluss and Anton Bruckner were also planned.[6] A gigantic suspension bridge was to connect the banks of the Danube, which was to have a decorative frieze depicting the Nibelungen saga with monumental equestrian statues in pairs of Siegfried and Kriemhild and Gunther and Brünhild.[7] The Führermuseum, featuring a 150-metre (490 ft) long colonnade, was to contain the largest and most comprehensive painting collection in Europe,[5] built around the art the Nazis had looted from Western Europe and stolen from rich Jews in Germany. The museum would anchor the planned European Cultural Centre.
In addition to the five cities decreed, there were plans to begin similar building projects in Königsberg, Oldenburg, Posen, Saarbrücken and Wewelsburg.[3] At the influence of the Gauleiters, Hitler also greatly increased the number of cities that were slated for reconstruction by twenty-six additional ones not much later.[2] According to a letter dated 19 February 1941 by Albert Speer to the National Socialist Party Treasurer, these were:
^ abcTaylor, Robert R. (1974). The word in stone: the role of architecture in the National Socialist ideology. University of California Press. pp. 50–51. ISBN0-520-02193-2.
^ abOwens Zalampas, Sherree (1990). Adolf Hitler: a psychological interpretation of his views on architecture, art, and music. Popular Press. p. 82. ISBN0-87972-488-9.
^Pearce, Susan M. (2002). The collector's voice: critical readings in the practice of collecting. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 55. ISBN1-85928-419-1.
Bibliography
Förster, Jürgen (1998). "Hitler's Decision in Favour of War against the Soviet Union". In Boog, Horst; Förster, Jürgen; Hoffmann, Joachim; Klink, Ernst; Müller, Rolf-Dieter; Ueberschär, Gerd R. (eds.). The Attack on the Soviet Union. Vol. IV. Translated by McMurry, Dean S.; Osers, Ewald; Willmot, Louise. Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt (Military History Research Office (Germany) ). Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 13–51. ISBN0-19-822886-4. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
April 12, 2024
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A Fuhrer city or Fuhrerstadt in German was a status given to five German cities in 1937 by Adolf Hitler the dictator of Nazi Germany 1 The status was based on Hitler s vision of undertaking gigantic urban transformation projects in these cities and executed by German architects including Albert Speer Paul Ludwig Troost German Bestelmeyer Konstanty Gutschow Hermann Giesler Leonhard Gall and Paul Otto August Baumgarten More modest reconstruction projects were to take place in thirty five other cities although some sources assert this number was as high as fifty 1 These plans were however not realised for the greater part because of the onset of the Second World War although construction continued to take place even in wartime circumstances at Hitler s insistence 2 A model of the European Culture Center Adolf Hitler intended to be at the heart of a revitalized Linz the facade of the Fuhrermuseum can be seen at the center of the image near the top facing the camera A model of the planned Fuhrermuseum designed by Roderich Fick based on Hitler s sketchesA model of Hitler s plan for Berlin formulated under the direction of Albert Speer looking north toward the Volkshalle at the top of the frameAfter the Battle for France in 1940 Hitler ordered that the architectural reshaping of these cities was to be completed by 1950 and should represent the magnitude of the German victories in Western Europe 3 Contents 1 Designated Fuhrer cities 2 Other major building projects 3 See also 4 ReferencesDesignated Fuhrer cities editThe five Fuhrer cities were Linz The town where Adolf Hitler spent his youth Jugendstadt des Fuhrers and where he planned to retire after the war Hitler wanted to turn Linz into a German Budapest a city which in Hitler s mind then surpassed German cities of the Danube in beauty Linz was to be the new metropolis of the Danube eclipsing Vienna a city he hated 4 Linz was to expand three or four times from its then current size with Reichswerke Hermann Goring providing jobs for the laborers relocating from Vienna 5 The bank of the Danube was to be built up with magnificent private homes and a new Hitler Centre Hitlerzentrum was to be furbished with new community buildings 5 Major intended building projects were a Strength through Joy hotel new municipal buildings designed by Hermann Giesler a NSDAP party house designed by Roderich Fick a Wehrmacht Headquarters an Olympic Stadium and as a counter to the pseudo science of the Catholic Church an observatory representing the three great cosmological conceptions of history those of Ptolemy of Copernicus and of Horbiger 4 A new Gau house for Reichsgau Oberdonau was to feature a hall and a tower under which Hitler s crypt was to be located 6 Monuments and buildings to commemorate the Anschluss and Anton Bruckner were also planned 6 A gigantic suspension bridge was to connect the banks of the Danube which was to have a decorative frieze depicting the Nibelungen saga with monumental equestrian statues in pairs of Siegfried and Kriemhild and Gunther and Brunhild 7 The Fuhrermuseum featuring a 150 metre 490 ft long colonnade was to contain the largest and most comprehensive painting collection in Europe 5 built around the art the Nazis had looted from Western Europe and stolen from rich Jews in Germany The museum would anchor the planned European Cultural Centre Berlin see Welthauptstadt Germania Munich the Capital of the Nazi Movement Hamburg the Capital of German Shipping Nuremberg the City of the Reich Party Conventions Other major building projects editIn addition to the five cities decreed there were plans to begin similar building projects in Konigsberg Oldenburg Posen Saarbrucken and Wewelsburg 3 At the influence of the Gauleiters Hitler also greatly increased the number of cities that were slated for reconstruction by twenty six additional ones not much later 2 According to a letter dated 19 February 1941 by Albert Speer to the National Socialist Party Treasurer these were Augsburg Bayreuth Bremen Breslau Wroclaw Cologne Danzig Gdansk Dresden Dusseldorf Graz Hanover Heidelberg Innsbruck Konigsberg Memel Klaipeda Munster Oldenburg Posen Poznan Prague Saarbrucken Salzburg Stettin Szczecin Waldbrol Weimar Wolfsburg Wuppertal Wurzburg 2 See also editNazi architecture Nordstern city Honorary city titles in Nazi GermanyReferences editNotes a b Spotts Frederic 2003 Hitler and the Power of Aesthetics p 332 The Overlook Press New York a b c Speer Albert 1970 Inside the Third Reich pp 253 711 Macmillan Company New York a b Forster 1998 p 14 a b Hitler Adolf 2000 Bormann Martin ed Hitler s Table Talk 1941 1944 trans Cameron Norman Stevens R H 3rd ed Enigma Books pp 445 446 ISBN 1 929631 05 7 a b c Taylor Robert R 1974 The word in stone the role of architecture in the National Socialist ideology University of California Press pp 50 51 ISBN 0 520 02193 2 a b Owens Zalampas Sherree 1990 Adolf Hitler a psychological interpretation of his views on architecture art and music Popular Press p 82 ISBN 0 87972 488 9 Pearce Susan M 2002 The collector s voice critical readings in the practice of collecting Ashgate Publishing Ltd p 55 ISBN 1 85928 419 1 Bibliography Forster Jurgen 1998 Hitler s Decision in Favour of War against the Soviet Union In Boog Horst Forster Jurgen Hoffmann Joachim Klink Ernst Muller Rolf Dieter Ueberschar Gerd R eds The Attack on the Soviet Union Vol IV Translated by McMurry Dean S Osers Ewald Willmot Louise Militargeschichtliches Forschungsamt Military History Research Office Germany Oxford Clarendon Press pp 13 51 ISBN 0 19 822886 4 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a work ignored help Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Fuhrer city amp oldid 1209439072, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
