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Ezra 5

Ezra 5 is the fifth chapter of the Book of Ezra in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible,[1] or the book of Ezra–Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, which treats the book of Ezra and book of Nehemiah as one book.[2] Jewish tradition states that Ezra is the author of Ezra–Nehemiah as well as the Book of Chronicles,[3] but modern scholars generally accept that a compiler from the 5th century BCE (the so-called "Chronicler") is the final author of these books.[4] The section comprising chapter 1 to 6 describes the history before the arrival of Ezra to the land of Judah [5][6] in 468 BCE.[7] This chapter records the contribution of the prophets Haggai and Zechariah to the temple building project and the investigation by Persian officials.[8]

Ezra 5
The whole book of Ezra–Nehemiah in the Leningrad Codex (1008 C.E.) from an old fascimile edition.
BookBook of Ezra
CategoryKetuvim
Christian Bible partOld Testament
Order in the Christian part15

Text edit

This chapter is divided into 17 verses. The original text of this chapter is written in Aramaic.[9]

Textual witnesses edit

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Aramaic are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).[10][a] A fragment containing a part of this chapter in Hebrew was found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, that is, 4Q117 (4QEzra; 50 BCE) with the extant verse 17 (= 1 Esdras 6:20).[12][13][14][15]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B;  B; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A;  A; 5th century).[16][b]

An ancient Greek book called 1 Esdras (Greek: Ἔσδρας Αʹ) containing some parts of 2 Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah is included in most editions of the Septuagint and is placed before the single book of Ezra–Nehemiah (which is titled in Greek: Ἔσδρας Βʹ). 1 Esdras 6:1–22 is an equivalent of Ezra 5 (The second year of Darius's reign).[20][21]

Renewed effort (5:1–2) edit

Through the prophets Haggai and Zechariah, God sent the message of inspiration so the people began the repair of temple again[22]

Verse 1 edit

Then the prophets, Haggai the prophet, and Zechariah the son of Iddo, prophesied unto the Jews that were in Judah and Jerusalem in the name of the God of Israel, even unto them.[23]

The prophecies of Haggai and Zechariah are recorded in the Hebrew Bible in the Book of Haggai and Book of Zechariah respectively.[24] Haggai's prophecy period completely covers the time mentioned here (Ezra 4:24; 520 BC), whereas Zechariah's only partly.[24]

Verse 2 edit

Then rose up Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and began to build the house of God which is at Jerusalem: and with them were the prophets of God helping them.[25]
  • "Zerubbabel": is the leader of the group and of Davidic line (1 Chronicles 3:19), so he is associated with the messianic hope in the book of Zechariah, although none of it is mentioned in this book.[26] His office is not named in this book, but he is identified as the “governor of Judah” in Haggai 1:1, 14; 2:2.[5]
  • "Jeshua": or "Joshua".[27] His office is not named in this book, but he is identified as the “high priest” in Haggai 1:1, 12, 14; 2:2; Zechariah 3:1.[5]
  • "Jozadak": or "Jehozadak" (1 Chronicles 6:14).[28]

The investigation (5:3–17) edit

Based on the complaint of the non-Jews, the governor of the area began an investigation into the building project, interviewing the Jewish leaders and sending an inquiry to Darius, the king of Persia.[22]

Verse 3 edit

’’At the same time Tattenai, the governor beyond the River came to them, with Shetharbozenai, and their companions, and asked them, "Who gave you a decree to build this house, and to finish this wall?"[29]
  • Tattenai was the governor beyond the River, that is, "Persian governor of the province west of the Euphrates River (eber nāri, "beyond the river") during the reign of Darius I" (522–486 BCE).[30] A number of cuneiform tablets bearing the name Tattenai have survived as part of what may have been a family archive, with one tablet functioning as a promissory note bearing a witness to the transaction involving a servant of "Tattannu, governor of Across-the-River".[31] The clay tablet can be dated accurately to June 5, 502 BCE (the 20th year of Darius I).[32]
  • ”House”: refers to "Temple".[33]

Verse 6 edit

The copy of the letter that Tattenai, the governor beyond the River, and Shetharbozenai, and his companions the Apharsachites, who were beyond the River, sent to Darius the king follows.[34]
  • "The Apharsachites": is considered the same as "Apharsites" and "Apharsathchites" (Ezra 4:9) as the three forms of provincial variants of the word "Parsaya" in Daniel 6:28, which is the Chaldaean equivalent of "Persian", so these people as the "companions" of Tatnai and Shethar-boznai are possibly the Persians who became their body-guard and their soldiers.[35]

Verse 8 edit

Be it known to the king that we went into the province of Judah, to the house of the great God, which is built with great stones, and timber is laid in the walls. This work goes on with diligence and prospers in their hands.[36]
  • "House": refers to "Temple".[37]
  • "Great stones": lit. "stones of rolling", that is, "stones too heavy to be carried",[38] which were therefore moved on rollers.[39]

Verse 11 edit

And thus they returned us an answer, saying: “We are the servants of the God of heaven and earth, and we are rebuilding the temple that was built many years ago, which a great king of Israel built and completed.[40]

The "great king of Israel" was Solomon.[39] The conventional dates of Solomon's reign are about 970 to 931 BCE. The Jewish historian Josephus says that "the temple was burnt four hundred and seventy years, six months, and ten days after it was built".[41]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Since 1947 the current text of Aleppo Codex is missing the whole book of Ezra-Nehemiah.[11]
  2. ^ The extant Codex Sinaiticus only contains Ezra 9:9–10:44.[17][18][19]

References edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ Halley 1965, p. 233.
  2. ^ Grabbe 2003, p. 313.
  3. ^ Babylonian Talmud Baba Bathra 15a, apud Fensham 1982, p. 2
  4. ^ Fensham 1982, pp. 2–4.
  5. ^ a b c Grabbe 2003, p. 314.
  6. ^ Fensham 1982, p. 4.
  7. ^ Davies, G. I., Introduction to the Pentateuch in Barton, J. and Muddiman, J. (2001), The Oxford Bible Commentary 2017-11-22 at the Wayback Machine, p. 19
  8. ^ Levering 2007, p. 69, 72.
  9. ^ Note d on Ezra 4:8 in NKJV: "The original language of Ezra 4:8 through 6:18 is Aramaic".
  10. ^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 36–37.
  11. ^ P. W. Skehan (2003), "BIBLE (TEXTS)", New Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 2 (2nd ed.), Gale, pp. 355–362
  12. ^ Ulrich 2010, p. 777.
  13. ^ Dead sea scrolls - Ezra
  14. ^ Fitzmyer 2008, p. 43.
  15. ^ 4Q117 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  16. ^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
  17. ^ Würthwein 1973.
  18. ^ Swete 1902, pp. 129–130.
  19. ^ Fenlon 1908.
  20. ^ Souvay 1909.
  21. ^ Gottheil, Littmann & Kohler 1903.
  22. ^ a b Larson, Dahlen & Anders 2005, p. 56.
  23. ^ Ezra 5:1 KJV
  24. ^ a b McConville 1985, p. 32.
  25. ^ Ezra 5:2 KJV
  26. ^ McConville 1985, p. 14.
  27. ^ Notes [a] on Ezra 3:2 in NKJV
  28. ^ Notes [a] on Ezra 5:2 in NKJV
  29. ^ Ezra 5:3 WEB
  30. ^ Tattenai at the Encyclopædia Britannica
  31. ^ Mykytiuk 2014, pp. 42–50.
  32. ^ Mykytiuk 2017, p. 48.
  33. ^ Notes [a] on Ezra 5:3 in NKJV
  34. ^ Ezra 5:6 WEB
  35. ^ Spence-Jones & Exell 1884.
  36. ^ Ezra 5:8 WEB
  37. ^ Notes [a] on Ezra 5:8 in NKJV
  38. ^ Note e on Ezra 5:8 in NKJV
  39. ^ a b Ryle, H. E. (1901), Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on Ezra 5, accessed 21 June 2020
  40. ^ Ezra 5:11 NKJV
  41. ^ Josephus. Antiquities of the Jews. 10.8.5..

Sources edit

  • Fenlon, John Francis (1908). "Codex Sinaiticus" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  • Fensham, F. Charles (1982). The Books of Ezra and Nehemiah. New international commentary on the Old Testament (illustrated ed.). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0802825278. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
  • Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (2008). A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 9780802862419.
  •   Gottheil, Richard; Littmann, Enno; Kohler, Kaufmann (1903). "Esdras, Books of". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
  • Grabbe, Lester L. (2003). "Ezra". In Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William (eds.). Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible (illustrated ed.). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 313–319. ISBN 978-0802837110. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
  • Halley, Henry H. (1965). Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary (24th (revised) ed.). Zondervan Publishing House. ISBN 0-310-25720-4.
  • Larson, Knute; Dahlen, Kathy; Anders, Max E. (2005). Anders, Max E. (ed.). Holman Old Testament Commentary - Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther. Holman Old Testament commentary. Vol. 9 (illustrated ed.). B&H Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0805494693. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
  • Levering, Matthew (2007). Ezra & Nehemiah. Brazos Theological Commentary on the Bible. Brazos Press. ISBN 978-1587431616. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
  • McConville, J. G. (1985). Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther. The daily study Bible : Old Testament. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0664245832. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
  • Mykytiuk, Lawrence (2014). "Archaeology Confirms 50 Real People in the Bible". Biblical Archaeology Review. 40 (2): 42–50.
  • Mykytiuk, Lawrence (2017). "Archaeology confirms 3 more bible people". Biblical Archaeology Review. 43 (3): 48–52.
  • Smith-Christopher, Daniel L. (2007). "15. Ezra-Nehemiah". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 308–324. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  • Spence-Jones, H. D. M.; Exell, Joseph S., eds. (1884). The Pulpit Commentary. Vol. 7. Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther, Job.
  • Souvay, Charles Léon (1909). "Esdras" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  • Swete, Henry Barclay (1902). An Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek. Cambridge: Macmillan and Co.
  • Ulrich, Eugene, ed. (2010). The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants. Brill.
  • Würthwein, Ernst (1973). Der Text des Alten Testaments: eine Einführung in die Biblia Hebraica. Württembergische Bibelanstalt. ISBN 978-3-438-06006-8.
  • Würthwein, Ernst (1995). The Text of the Old Testament. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-0788-7. Retrieved January 26, 2019.

External links edit

  • Jewish translations:
    • Ezra - Chapter 5 (Judaica Press) translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org
  • Christian translations:
    • Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
    • Book of Ezra Chapter 5. Bible Gateway

ezra, fifth, chapter, book, ezra, testament, christian, bible, book, ezra, nehemiah, hebrew, bible, which, treats, book, ezra, book, nehemiah, book, jewish, tradition, states, that, ezra, author, ezra, nehemiah, well, book, chronicles, modern, scholars, genera. Ezra 5 is the fifth chapter of the Book of Ezra in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible 1 or the book of Ezra Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible which treats the book of Ezra and book of Nehemiah as one book 2 Jewish tradition states that Ezra is the author of Ezra Nehemiah as well as the Book of Chronicles 3 but modern scholars generally accept that a compiler from the 5th century BCE the so called Chronicler is the final author of these books 4 The section comprising chapter 1 to 6 describes the history before the arrival of Ezra to the land of Judah 5 6 in 468 BCE 7 This chapter records the contribution of the prophets Haggai and Zechariah to the temple building project and the investigation by Persian officials 8 Ezra 5 chapter 4chapter 6 The whole book of Ezra Nehemiah in the Leningrad Codex 1008 C E from an old fascimile edition BookBook of EzraCategoryKetuvimChristian Bible partOld TestamentOrder in the Christian part15 Contents 1 Text 1 1 Textual witnesses 2 Renewed effort 5 1 2 2 1 Verse 1 2 2 Verse 2 3 The investigation 5 3 17 3 1 Verse 3 3 2 Verse 6 3 3 Verse 8 3 4 Verse 11 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 6 1 Citations 6 2 Sources 7 External linksText editThis chapter is divided into 17 verses The original text of this chapter is written in Aramaic 9 Textual witnesses edit Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Aramaic are of the Masoretic Text which includes Codex Leningradensis 1008 10 a A fragment containing a part of this chapter in Hebrew was found among the Dead Sea Scrolls that is 4Q117 4QEzra 50 BCE with the extant verse 17 1 Esdras 6 20 12 13 14 15 There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint made in the last few centuries BCE Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus B G displaystyle mathfrak G nbsp B 4th century and Codex Alexandrinus A G displaystyle mathfrak G nbsp A 5th century 16 b An ancient Greek book called 1 Esdras Greek Ἔsdras Aʹ containing some parts of 2 Chronicles Ezra and Nehemiah is included in most editions of the Septuagint and is placed before the single book of Ezra Nehemiah which is titled in Greek Ἔsdras Bʹ 1 Esdras 6 1 22 is an equivalent of Ezra 5 The second year of Darius s reign 20 21 Renewed effort 5 1 2 editThrough the prophets Haggai and Zechariah God sent the message of inspiration so the people began the repair of temple again 22 Verse 1 edit Then the prophets Haggai the prophet and Zechariah the son of Iddo prophesied unto the Jews that were in Judah and Jerusalem in the name of the God of Israel even unto them 23 The prophecies of Haggai and Zechariah are recorded in the Hebrew Bible in the Book of Haggai and Book of Zechariah respectively 24 Haggai s prophecy period completely covers the time mentioned here Ezra 4 24 520 BC whereas Zechariah s only partly 24 Verse 2 edit Then rose up Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel and Jeshua the son of Jozadak and began to build the house of God which is at Jerusalem and with them were the prophets of God helping them 25 Zerubbabel is the leader of the group and of Davidic line 1 Chronicles 3 19 so he is associated with the messianic hope in the book of Zechariah although none of it is mentioned in this book 26 His office is not named in this book but he is identified as the governor of Judah in Haggai 1 1 14 2 2 5 Jeshua or Joshua 27 His office is not named in this book but he is identified as the high priest in Haggai 1 1 12 14 2 2 Zechariah 3 1 5 Jozadak or Jehozadak 1 Chronicles 6 14 28 The investigation 5 3 17 editBased on the complaint of the non Jews the governor of the area began an investigation into the building project interviewing the Jewish leaders and sending an inquiry to Darius the king of Persia 22 Verse 3 edit At the same time Tattenai the governor beyond the River came to them with Shetharbozenai and their companions and asked them Who gave you a decree to build this house and to finish this wall 29 Tattenai was the governor beyond the River that is Persian governor of the province west of the Euphrates River eber nari beyond the river during the reign of Darius I 522 486 BCE 30 A number of cuneiform tablets bearing the name Tattenai have survived as part of what may have been a family archive with one tablet functioning as a promissory note bearing a witness to the transaction involving a servant of Tattannu governor of Across the River 31 The clay tablet can be dated accurately to June 5 502 BCE the 20th year of Darius I 32 House refers to Temple 33 Verse 6 edit The copy of the letter that Tattenai the governor beyond the River and Shetharbozenai and his companions the Apharsachites who were beyond the River sent to Darius the king follows 34 The Apharsachites is considered the same as Apharsites and Apharsathchites Ezra 4 9 as the three forms of provincial variants of the word Parsaya in Daniel 6 28 which is the Chaldaean equivalent of Persian so these people as the companions of Tatnai and Shethar boznai are possibly the Persians who became their body guard and their soldiers 35 Verse 8 edit Be it known to the king that we went into the province of Judah to the house of the great God which is built with great stones and timber is laid in the walls This work goes on with diligence and prospers in their hands 36 House refers to Temple 37 Great stones lit stones of rolling that is stones too heavy to be carried 38 which were therefore moved on rollers 39 Verse 11 edit And thus they returned us an answer saying We are the servants of the God of heaven and earth and we are rebuilding the temple that was built many years ago which a great king of Israel built and completed 40 The great king of Israel was Solomon 39 The conventional dates of Solomon s reign are about 970 to 931 BCE The Jewish historian Josephus says that the temple was burnt four hundred and seventy years six months and ten days after it was built 41 See also editDarius I Jerusalem Related Bible parts Ezra 4 Haggai 1 Haggai 2 Zechariah 1Notes edit Since 1947 the current text of Aleppo Codex is missing the whole book of Ezra Nehemiah 11 The extant Codex Sinaiticus only contains Ezra 9 9 10 44 17 18 19 References editCitations edit Halley 1965 p 233 Grabbe 2003 p 313 Babylonian Talmud Baba Bathra 15a apud Fensham 1982 p 2 Fensham 1982 pp 2 4 a b c Grabbe 2003 p 314 Fensham 1982 p 4 Davies G I Introduction to the Pentateuch in Barton J and Muddiman J 2001 The Oxford Bible Commentary Archived 2017 11 22 at the Wayback Machine p 19 Levering 2007 p 69 72 Note d on Ezra 4 8 in NKJV The original language of Ezra 4 8 through 6 18 is Aramaic Wurthwein 1995 pp 36 37 P W Skehan 2003 BIBLE TEXTS New Catholic Encyclopedia vol 2 2nd ed Gale pp 355 362 Ulrich 2010 p 777 Dead sea scrolls Ezra Fitzmyer 2008 p 43 4Q117 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library Wurthwein 1995 pp 73 74 Wurthwein 1973 Swete 1902 pp 129 130 Fenlon 1908 Souvay 1909 Gottheil Littmann amp Kohler 1903 a b Larson Dahlen amp Anders 2005 p 56 Ezra 5 1 KJV a b McConville 1985 p 32 Ezra 5 2 KJV McConville 1985 p 14 Notes a on Ezra 3 2 in NKJV Notes a on Ezra 5 2 in NKJV Ezra 5 3 WEB Tattenai at the Encyclopaedia Britannica Mykytiuk 2014 pp 42 50 Mykytiuk 2017 p 48 Notes a on Ezra 5 3 in NKJV Ezra 5 6 WEB Spence Jones amp Exell 1884 Ezra 5 8 WEB Notes a on Ezra 5 8 in NKJV Note e on Ezra 5 8 in NKJV a b Ryle H E 1901 Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on Ezra 5 accessed 21 June 2020 Ezra 5 11 NKJV Josephus Antiquities of the Jews 10 8 5 Sources edit Fenlon John Francis 1908 Codex Sinaiticus In Herbermann Charles ed Catholic Encyclopedia Vol 4 New York Robert Appleton Company Fensham F Charles 1982 The Books of Ezra and Nehemiah New international commentary on the Old Testament illustrated ed Wm B Eerdmans Publishing ISBN 978 0802825278 Retrieved October 28 2019 Fitzmyer Joseph A 2008 A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature Grand Rapids MI William B Eerdmans Publishing Company ISBN 9780802862419 nbsp Gottheil Richard Littmann Enno Kohler Kaufmann 1903 Esdras Books of In Singer Isidore et al eds The Jewish Encyclopedia Vol 5 New York Funk amp Wagnalls Grabbe Lester L 2003 Ezra In Dunn James D G Rogerson John William eds Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible illustrated ed Wm B Eerdmans Publishing pp 313 319 ISBN 978 0802837110 Retrieved October 28 2019 Halley Henry H 1965 Halley s Bible Handbook an abbreviated Bible commentary 24th revised ed Zondervan Publishing House ISBN 0 310 25720 4 Larson Knute Dahlen Kathy Anders Max E 2005 Anders Max E ed Holman Old Testament Commentary Ezra Nehemiah Esther Holman Old Testament commentary Vol 9 illustrated ed B amp H Publishing Group ISBN 978 0805494693 Retrieved October 28 2019 Levering Matthew 2007 Ezra amp Nehemiah Brazos Theological Commentary on the Bible Brazos Press ISBN 978 1587431616 Retrieved October 28 2019 McConville J G 1985 Ezra Nehemiah and Esther The daily study Bible Old Testament Westminster John Knox Press ISBN 978 0664245832 Retrieved October 28 2019 Mykytiuk Lawrence 2014 Archaeology Confirms 50 Real People in the Bible Biblical Archaeology Review 40 2 42 50 Mykytiuk Lawrence 2017 Archaeology confirms 3 more bible people Biblical Archaeology Review 43 3 48 52 Smith Christopher Daniel L 2007 15 Ezra Nehemiah In Barton John Muddiman John eds The Oxford Bible Commentary first paperback ed Oxford University Press pp 308 324 ISBN 978 0199277186 Retrieved February 6 2019 Spence Jones H D M Exell Joseph S eds 1884 The Pulpit Commentary Vol 7 Ezra Nehemiah Esther Job Souvay Charles Leon 1909 Esdras In Herbermann Charles ed Catholic Encyclopedia Vol 5 New York Robert Appleton Company Swete Henry Barclay 1902 An Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek Cambridge Macmillan and Co Ulrich Eugene ed 2010 The Biblical Qumran Scrolls Transcriptions and Textual Variants Brill Wurthwein Ernst 1973 Der Text des Alten Testaments eine Einfuhrung in die Biblia Hebraica Wurttembergische Bibelanstalt ISBN 978 3 438 06006 8 Wurthwein Ernst 1995 The Text of the Old Testament Translated by Rhodes Erroll F Grand Rapids MI Wm B Eerdmans ISBN 0 8028 0788 7 Retrieved January 26 2019 External links editJewish translations Ezra Chapter 5 Judaica Press translation with Rashi s commentary at Chabad org Christian translations Online Bible at GospelHall org ESV KJV Darby American Standard Version Bible in Basic English Book of Ezra Chapter 5 Bible Gateway Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Ezra 5 amp oldid 1162266209 Verse 1, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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