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ManpowerGroup

January 01, 1970

ManpowerGroup (formerly known as Manpower Inc.) is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Founded in 1948 by Elmer Winter and Aaron Scheinfeld, ManpowerGroup is the third-largest staffing firm in the world behind Swiss firm Adecco and Dutch firm Randstad.[9] The company provides administrative & support services, professional services, and business services through its four primary brands: Manpower (contingent staffing and permanent recruitment), Experis (resourcing and project management), Right Management (career management, workforce consulting, and training and development), and ManpowerGroup Solutions (managed services and outsourcing).[10]

ManpowerGroup Inc.
Horizontal version of logo (used since 2019)
ManpowerGroup World Headquarters in Milwaukee, pictured in 2007
Formerly
  • Manpower Inc. (1948–89)
  • Manpower PLC (1989–91)
  • Manpower Inc. (1991–2011)
Company typePublic
IndustryProfessional services
Founded1948; 76 years ago (1948)
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.
Founders
Headquarters
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S.
Number of locations
2700 offices in 80 countries and territories (2017)
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Brands
  • Manpower
  • Experis
  • Right Management
  • ManpowerGroup Solutions
Services
Revenue US$20.724 billion (2021)[1]
US$585 million (2021)[1]
US$382 million (2021)[1]
Total assets US$9.828 billion (2021)[1]
Total equity US$2.531 billion (2021)[1]
Number of employees
30,000 (FTE 2021)[1]
600,000 workers (2021)[1]
Parent
Divisions
Subsidiaries
  • Brook Street
  • CareerHarmony
  • Econometrix
  • FuturSkill
  • Proservia
  • Supplay
  • TAPFIN
  • Veritaaq
Websitewww.manpowergroup.com
Footnotes / references
[2][3][4][5][6][1][7][8]

History edit

 
Manpower, Inc. logo in use from 1948 to the mid-1960s

Founding and expansion (1948–1961) edit

In one version of the founding story, Elmer Winter and his law partner Aaron Scheinfeld co-founded Manpower in 1948. The pair was inspired when they found themselves looking for secretarial help to file a brief on a tight deadline with the Wisconsin Supreme Court. They raised $7,000 and opened their first storefront in Milwaukee with the name Manpower suggested by a friend.[11]

In his book “A History of Manpower, Inc. 1948–1976”, James D. Scheinfeld writes a different version: Aaron Scheinfeld worked with a company on contracts to mothball military equipment at the close of World War II, and envisioned a temporary help service. By this account, in 1948, Scheinfeld conceived of Manpower, arrived at the name and early logo over lunch with friend and advertiser Marvin Frank, and invited Winter to invest as a minority stockholder and co-founder. The two incorporated the company in Delaware, and in June 1948, opened offices in downtown Milwaukee and Chicago.[12]

By 1952, Manpower had expanded in the US to Minneapolis, Cleveland, Cincinnati, New York, Pittsburgh, and Boston; in 1954, the company offered its first franchise; in 1956, the company went international with offices in Montreal, Toronto, and the UK; and in 1957, Manpower established operations in France.[3]

Historian Louis Hyman says Manpower started supplying workers to replace unexpected absences like people calling in sick. Due to the limited size of this market, it then attempted to expand to replacing full-time workers wholesale with rented talent, but found resistance in an era when corporations valued stability, and subscribed to the notion that married white men needed stable jobs to be breadwinners for their families.[13]

The White Glove Girl and public offering (1966–1975) edit

The growing temporary employment category has been said to be a new category of work intentionally exempt from union protections. “To avoid union opposition, they developed a clever strategy, casting temp work as “women's work,” and advertising thousands of images of young, white, middle-class women doing a variety of short-term office jobs.”[14] In 1961, Manpower spent $1 million to place advertisements in Sunday papers across the country featuring their “White Glove Girls”. Winter described the company's strategy: "We chose white gloves as a symbol … because they seem to represent everything that is feminine, neat, and proper. They symbolize quality and efficiency.”[15] A 1962 advertisement[16] from TIME features model Judy Newton[15] who was the public face of Manpower in the 1960s as “The Girl in the White Gloves”. It cites Manpower's 240 offices in the US and Canada and 15 offices in Europe. It also specifies that the company offered the following divisions: Office Services, Industrial Help, Salespower, Inc., and Technical Services.

In “The Temp Economy: From Kelly Girls to Permatemps in Postwar America”, Hatton posits that the images in these advertisements were carefully curated to be “respectable sex symbols” and very purposefully not displaying images of men or nonwhites and emphasizing that the White Glove Girls were “specially certified” as code for white & middle-class and not recent immigrants or black migrants.[15] A 1964 advertisement[17] claims that the White Glove Girl carries an official training certificate that she is trained in: adapting quickly to new office routine, advanced telephone technique, dictation technique, transcribing services, good filing technique, fine points of electric typing, care of office equipment, keeping work confidential, starting the work day right, office etiquette, wardrobe and grooming, and dealing with office emergencies. The ad bills Manpower as the world's largest temporary help service with over 300 offices globally.

In 1962, Manpower went public, listing shares on the New York Stock Exchange.[18]

 
Manpower Inc. logo from 1967 to 2006

By 1967, Manpower advertising claimed the company has over 500 offices throughout the world.[19] The company opened its 100th foreign office and 500th office globally in Istanbul, Turkey on February 7, 1967.[20] On March 31, 1967, Manpower registered 300,000 shares of common stock offered for sale at $28 per share.[21] In 1968, Manpower Technical is established, expanding to offer specialized temporary employees outside office clerical and industrial settings.[3]

Parker Pen Company (1975–1985) edit

On August 18, 1975, upon the retirement of co-founder Elmer Winter, the Parker Pen Company announced its acquisition of Manpower for $28.2 million. A new subsidiary of Parker would own 80% of the common stock, with the remaining 20% purchased by Mitchell S. Fromstein, Manpower Chairman of the Board.[22]

In January 1985, Fromstein became President of Parker Pen; in October of the same year, Fromstein announced the private sale of the pen business as Manpower had grown to represent 90% of Parker's sales while the pen business struggled. Upon the completion of the sale, Parker Pen renamed itself Manpower Inc. and the sold Pen business retained the Parker Pen name.[23]

Return to public company; takeover by Blue Arrow (1986–1990) edit

On June 27, 1986, Manpower went public once again, registering 300,000 shares of common stock with the SEC.[24] On August 4, 1987, British firm Blue Arrow made a surprise bid to purchase Manpower for $1.2 billion in cash, or $75 a share for all 16 million outstanding shares. Blue Arrow intended to change Manpower into a full-service firm by adding permanent placement and executive recruiting services, cutting costs, and adding performance bonuses to employee compensation as they had done successfully with their 1985 purchase of Brook Street Bureau[25] At the time, Manpower was virtually tied with Kelly Services for position as the largest American temporary services firm, each with 11%-12% market share. Blue Arrow was about 10% the size of Manpower; some analysts considered their takeover offer too low.[26]

Manpower's board rejected the initial takeover offer, only to receive a new offer of $1.33 billion (or $82.50 a share) that they accepted on August 22. Along with the increased offer price, Blue Arrow agreed that the company would operate as a subsidiary retaining the Manpower name in the US, the Milwaukee office would remain open, and that Fromstein would stay on.[27]

In the intervening weeks before accepting the Blue Arrow offer, Fromstein attempted to negotiate a joint venture with Adia S.A. to blunt the takeover; however, the Swiss employment firm decided not to proceed.[28] Adia later went on to merge with French firm Ecco in 1996 to form Adecco.[29]

The company resumed trading on the NYSE as MAN on October 3, 1988.[30]

On December 7, 1988, Fromstein resigned as President and Chief Executive of Manpower, publicly stating that the decision was mutual.[31] However, it was Blue Arrow CEO and Chairman Antony Berry who convinced the board to oust Fromstein, forcing him out of the company. In response, Fromstein mounted an effort backed by Manpower franchises in the US to replace Berry. Just a month later in January 1989, the board removed Berry as CEO and appointed Fromstein in the Blue Arrow chief executive role while Berry remained company chairman.[32] Berry's removal came amid poor stock performance and a scandal as the British Department of Trade and Industry investigated NatWest bank, Blue Arrow's investment bank advisor for the Manpower purchase, over "an alleged stock-price support operation following the failure of the stock flotation."[33] Charges were later filed in what became known as the Blue Arrow Affair in November 1989.[34]

In April 1989, Fromstein consolidated his hold on Blue Arrow when the board removed Berry completely, appointing Fromstein as chairman.[35] Later that year, Fromstein announced the intent to rename Blue Arrow PLC to Manpower PLC,[36] commenting "since Manpower Inc represents over 75% of the company's revenues and profits and is the multinational brand among the company's holdings, it is appropriate to make this change."[37] Ultimately, Manpower moved the head office from Britain back to Milwaukee.[38]

Reorganization as Manpower Inc (1990–2005) edit

On January 31, 1990, Blue Arrow PLC announced its intent to re-incorporate in the United States as Manpower Inc. and to return its corporate headquarters to Milwaukee.[39] This process completed in 1991[40] with the incorporation of Manpower Inc, a new publicly traded holding company that acquired Manpower PLC (the renamed Blue Arrow), which indirectly owned Manpower International Inc.[18]

In 1999, Fromstein retired as president, CEO, and chairman of the board and is named chairman emeritus. Jeffrey Joerres was named the new president and CEO. The company rebranded Manpower Technical as Manpower Professional.[3]

In January 2000, Manpower acquired Elan Group Ltd., a provider of IT staffing solutions[buzzword] based in the UK with operations in the Netherlands, Ireland, Switzerland, Germany, and Hong Kong, for $146.2 million. The company merged its IT staffing operations across Europe under the Elan brand.[41] During 2000, Manpower launched The Empower Group, an independent operating division providing consulting services to multinational corporations in the UK, Australia, New Zealand, and the US.[42] On July 9, 2001, Manpower closed on its acquisition of Jefferson Wells International, Inc., a provider of professional accounting and tax services in the US and Canada, for $174 million.[43] On December 11, 2003, Manpower announced an agreement to acquire Right Management Consultants for $488 million or $18.75 per share,[44] into which they merged Empower.[45]

 
Manpower Inc. logo from 2006 to 2011

Global rebrand (2006–2011) edit

In 2006, the company announced a new global brand identity with a new logo, marketing materials, and advertising campaigns.[46] The new brand was developed by the London office of Wolff Olins, with advertising developed by WPP's Grey Worldwide in New York and media strategy and planning by sister agency MediaCom.[47]

According to the press release, “As part of the re-branding process, Manpower has streamlined its brand architecture from over 200 brands worldwide down to only five brands that now represent its total service offering. These brands are Manpower, Manpower Professional, Elan, Jefferson Wells and Right Management… The new Manpower logo consists of five oval shapes in five different colors, which comprise the initials "MP" and reflect the range of services that Manpower now offers.”[48]

By 2007, under the name Manpower Business Solutions (MBS), the company provided task outsourcing, vendor management, onsite HR services, and Recruitment Process Outsourcing (RPO).[49] In February 2010, Manpower agreed to acquire COMSYS IT Partners, Inc for $17.65 per share or a total of $431 million in half cash and half stock.[50] The COMSYS acquisition included their Tapfin brand, expanding Manpower's investment in RPO and Managed Service Provider (MSP) offerings.[51] On April 5, 2010, Manpower completed the COMSYS acquisition and integrated the company with Manpower Professional IT. Tapfin MSP and RPO offerings were integrated with Manpower Business Solutions.[52][53]

 
ManpowerGroup logo since 2011

Rebranding as ManpowerGroup (since 2011) edit

In 2011, the company rebranded itself to ManpowerGroup and organized itself into four primary brands: Manpower, Experis (formed from the combination of Manpower Professional, Elan, and Jefferson Wells), Right Management, and ManpowerGroup Solutions (formerly Manpower Business Solutions).[54] The new corporate name was part of an effort to become known as a workforce solutions[buzzword] company versus a traditional employment agency.[55] The new brand name Experis was intended to emphasize the concepts of experience and expertise.[56][57] New corporate and brand logos derived from the current corporate logo with work from The Martin Agency of Richmond, VA.[58][59]

On September 22, 2011, ManpowerGroup acquired 70% of Proservia SA, a French IT and systems engineering company.[60] The remaining shares were acquired by November 2011 for a total of $29.4 million.

On May 1, 2014, Jonas Prising replaced Joerres as CEO and Joerres assumed the role of executive chairman.[61] Joerres retired on December 30, 2015, and Prising replaced him as chairman while retaining his role as CEO.[62]

On June 1, 2015, ManpowerGroup announced the acquisition of the Australian and Singapore divisions of Greythorn and its subsidiary Marks Sattin.[63] In August, 2015, the Experis division announced the acquisition of a majority stake in Veritaaq, a Canadian IT consulting firm.[64] On September 3, 2015, ManpowerGroup acquired 7S Group GmbH, a German HR services firm, for $140.4 million.[65] In 2016, and 2017, ManpowerGroup purchased several divisions of Ciber in Europe: Ciber Netherlands,[66] Ciber Norway,[67] and Ciber Spain.[68] In August 2021, Manpower acquired IT resourcing and services provider Ettain Group for $925 million.[69]

Subsidiaries edit

ManpowerGroup owns hundreds of subsidiary companies around the world,[8] the majority of which operate under the company's four primary brands: Manpower, Experis, Right Management, or ManpowerGroup Solutions. The company does, however, operate several independent brands and joint ventures.

These subsidiaries include:

  • Manpower Jobs Solutions - WORK PERMIS - WORK
  • Manpower Jobs Generation - WORK PERMIS FOR EU TO WORLD - JOB EU - JOB CH © 2020 Manpower Jobs Generations All Rights Reserved

[70]

  • Econometrix[71]
  • Tapfin[72]
  • ManpowerGroup Public Sector[73] (US)
  • Proservia[74] (France and elsewhere in Europe)
  • FuturSkill[75] (France)
  • Supplay[76] (France)
  • Experis-Veritaaq[77] (Canada)
  • The SJB Group[78] (UK)
  • Greythorn[79] (Australia)
  • Marks Sattin[80][81] (Australia and Singapore)
  • Arcqus[82] (Germany)
  • AviationPowerGroup,[83] a joint venture with Lufthansa Technical Training (Germany and the UK)
  • Bankpower,[84] a joint venture with Deutsche Bank (Germany)
  • Montaplan[85] (Germany)
  • Shoga[86] (Germany)
  • Siebenlist, Grey & Partner[87] (Germany)
  • SPLU[88] (Germany)
  • Stegdoc[89] (Germany)
  • Stegmann [90][91] (Germany and Belgium)
  • Stegmed[92] (Germany)
  • Vivento Interim Services (VIS),[93] a joint venture with Deutsche Telekom (Germany)
  • Avan[94] (Norway)
  • Experis Ciber[95][96][97] (Norway, Spain, and the Netherlands – purchased from Ciber)
  • Workshop Bemanning & Kompetanse[98] (Norway)
  • iSense ICT Professionals[99] (Netherlands)
  • PEAK-IT[100] (Netherlands)
  • Salarisprofs[101] (Netherlands)
  • Job Support Power[102] (Japan)
  • Pro-Hunt[103] (Japan)
  • Event Elite[104] (Hong Kong)
  • Manpower Jobs Solutions
  • Manpower Jobs Generation


See also edit

References edit

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  2. ^ Rovito, Rich (September 4, 2007). "Manpower set to begin move to downtown Milwaukee". Milwaukee Business Journal. Retrieved September 25, 2017.
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  6. ^ "ManpowerGroup Corporate Fact Sheet 2016" (PDF). ManpowerGroup. Retrieved September 22, 2017.
  7. ^ "Annual Report 2016, ManpowerGroup Inc" (PDF). ManpowerGroup. Retrieved September 22, 2017.
  8. ^ a b "Subsidiaries and Affiliates, ManpowerGroup Inc". ManpowerGroup. Retrieved September 22, 2017.
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  13. ^ The Fifty Year Path To The Gig Economy
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  15. ^ a b c Hatton, Erin (2011). "The Making of the Kelly Girl". The Temp Economy: From Kelly Girls to Permatemps in Postwar America. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 30–41. ISBN 9781439900826. Retrieved February 5, 2019 – via Google Books.
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  17. ^ "New Special Training makes the difference between Manpower® White Glove Girls and other temporary office workers". Retrieved February 5, 2019.
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  68. ^ Dill, Molly (February 15, 2017). "ManpowerGroup to acquire Ciber Spain". BizTimes. Retrieved February 10, 2019.
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  70. ^ "About CareerHarmony". CareerHarmony. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  71. ^ "Econometrix: About Us". Econometrix, A ManpowerGroup Company. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  72. ^ "About TAPFIN". Tapfin a ManpowerGroup Solutions Company. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  73. ^ "ManpowerGroup - Public Sector". ManpowerGroup. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  74. ^ "Proservia: Nous connaître". Proservia. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  75. ^ "Nous connaitre - Manpower FuturSkill". FuturSkill. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  76. ^ "Supplay". Supplay, a subsidiary of ManpowerGroup. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  77. ^ "Experis-Veritaaq: About Us". Veritaaq. March 28, 2013. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  78. ^ "About SJB". The SJB Group. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  79. ^ "Greythorn: History". Greythorn. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  80. ^ "History - Marks Sattin Australia". Mark Sattin. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  81. ^ "Marks Sattin's Milestones - Marks Sattin Singapore". Mark Sattin. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  82. ^ "Arcqus". Arcqus, a brand of ManpowerGroup Solutions. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  83. ^ "Luftfahrdienstleister - AviationPower:ManpowerGroup". ManpowerGroup. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  84. ^ "Bankpower cooperation with Deutsche Bank: ManpowerGroup". ManpowerGroup. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  85. ^ "Über uns:Montaplan". ManpowerGroup. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  86. ^ "Shoga - Jobs und Personal fur Gastronomie und Hotellerie". Shoga Personal, a brand of Manpower. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  87. ^ "ManpowerGroup - Siebenlist, Grey & Partner GmbH". Siebenlist, Grey & Partner, a brand of Experis. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  88. ^ "SPLU Engineers - echte Engineering Experten". SPLU, a brand of ManpowerGroup Solutions. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  89. ^ "Ärztestellen & Ärztevermittlung durch Facharzt-Agentur - Honorararztagentur Stegdoc". Stegdoc, a brand of Experis. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  90. ^ "Zeitarbeit und Personaldienstleistung: Stegmann". Stegmann Personaldienstleistung GmbH. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  91. ^ "Over Stegmann - Stegmann Belgium". Stegmann Belgium, a ManpowerGroup Company. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  92. ^ "Stegmed – Vermittlung von Pflegepersonal in der Medizin". Stegmed, a brand of Experis. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  93. ^ "Vivento Interim Services- Kooperation mit der deutschen Telekom: ManpowerGroup". ManpowerGroup. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  94. ^ "AVAN". Avan AS, a subsidiary of ManpowerGroup. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  95. ^ "Ciber Norge". Experis Ciber AS. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  96. ^ "Experis Ciber". Experis Ciber. Retrieved February 10, 2019.
  97. ^ "Over ons - Experis Ciber". Experis Ciber. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  98. ^ "Workshop Bemanning & Kompetanse AS". Workshop Bemanning, a wholly owned subsidiary of ManpowerGroup. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  99. ^ "iSense ICT Professionals". iSense ICT Professionals. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
  100. ^ "Management - Peak-It". Peak-It, a part of Experis. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  101. ^ "Salarisprofs". Salarisprofs, a ManpowerGroup company. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  102. ^ "特例子会社「ジョブサポートパワー株式会社」- 人材派遣・人材紹介のマンパワーグループ Special Subsidiary "Job Support Power Corporation" - Manpower Group of Staffing & Recruiting". ManpowerGroup. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  103. ^ "プロハント株式会社 ［マンパワーグループ］- Pro-Hunt ManpowerGroup". ManpowerGroup. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
  104. ^ "Event Elite a member of Manpower®". Event Elite Production and Promotion Limited, a member of Manpower. Retrieved February 9, 2019.

External links edit

  • Official website  
 
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January 01, 1970
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This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources ManpowerGroup news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2012 Learn how and when to remove this message ManpowerGroup formerly known as Manpower Inc is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Milwaukee Wisconsin Founded in 1948 by Elmer Winter and Aaron Scheinfeld ManpowerGroup is the third largest staffing firm in the world behind Swiss firm Adecco and Dutch firm Randstad 9 The company provides administrative amp support services professional services and business services through its four primary brands Manpower contingent staffing and permanent recruitment Experis resourcing and project management Right Management career management workforce consulting and training and development and ManpowerGroup Solutions managed services and outsourcing 10 ManpowerGroup Inc Horizontal version of logo used since 2019 ManpowerGroup World Headquarters in Milwaukee pictured in 2007FormerlyManpower Inc 1948 89 Manpower PLC 1989 91 Manpower Inc 1991 2011 Company typePublicTraded asNYSE MANS amp P 400 componentIndustryProfessional servicesFounded1948 76 years ago 1948 Milwaukee Wisconsin U S FoundersAaron ScheinfeldElmer WinterHeadquartersMilwaukee Wisconsin U S Number of locations2700 offices in 80 countries and territories 2017 Area servedWorldwideKey peopleJonas Prising Chairman amp CEO BrandsManpowerExperisRight ManagementManpowerGroup SolutionsServicesCareer ManagementOutsourcingRecruitment and AssessmentTraining and DevelopmentWorkforce ConsultingRevenueUS 20 724 billion 2021 1 Operating incomeUS 585 million 2021 1 Net incomeUS 382 million 2021 1 Total assetsUS 9 828 billion 2021 1 Total equityUS 2 531 billion 2021 1 Number of employees30 000 FTE 2021 1 600 000 workers 2021 1 ParentParker Pen Company 1975 85 Blue Arrow 1987 89 DivisionsAmericasAP MENorthern EuropeRight ManagementSouthern EuropeSubsidiariesBrook StreetCareerHarmonyEconometrixFuturSkillProserviaSupplayTAPFINVeritaaqWebsitewww wbr manpowergroup wbr comFootnotes references 2 3 4 5 6 1 7 8 Contents 1 History 1 1 Founding and expansion 1948 1961 1 2 The White Glove Girl and public offering 1966 1975 1 3 Parker Pen Company 1975 1985 1 4 Return to public company takeover by Blue Arrow 1986 1990 1 5 Reorganization as Manpower Inc 1990 2005 1 6 Global rebrand 2006 2011 1 7 Rebranding as ManpowerGroup since 2011 2 Subsidiaries 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksHistory edit nbsp Manpower Inc logo in use from 1948 to the mid 1960s Founding and expansion 1948 1961 edit In one version of the founding story Elmer Winter and his law partner Aaron Scheinfeld co founded Manpower in 1948 The pair was inspired when they found themselves looking for secretarial help to file a brief on a tight deadline with the Wisconsin Supreme Court They raised 7 000 and opened their first storefront in Milwaukee with the name Manpower suggested by a friend 11 In his book A History of Manpower Inc 1948 1976 James D Scheinfeld writes a different version Aaron Scheinfeld worked with a company on contracts to mothball military equipment at the close of World War II and envisioned a temporary help service By this account in 1948 Scheinfeld conceived of Manpower arrived at the name and early logo over lunch with friend and advertiser Marvin Frank and invited Winter to invest as a minority stockholder and co founder The two incorporated the company in Delaware and in June 1948 opened offices in downtown Milwaukee and Chicago 12 By 1952 Manpower had expanded in the US to Minneapolis Cleveland Cincinnati New York Pittsburgh and Boston in 1954 the company offered its first franchise in 1956 the company went international with offices in Montreal Toronto and the UK and in 1957 Manpower established operations in France 3 Historian Louis Hyman says Manpower started supplying workers to replace unexpected absences like people calling in sick Due to the limited size of this market it then attempted to expand to replacing full time workers wholesale with rented talent but found resistance in an era when corporations valued stability and subscribed to the notion that married white men needed stable jobs to be breadwinners for their families 13 The White Glove Girl and public offering 1966 1975 edit The growing temporary employment category has been said to be a new category of work intentionally exempt from union protections To avoid union opposition they developed a clever strategy casting temp work as women s work and advertising thousands of images of young white middle class women doing a variety of short term office jobs 14 In 1961 Manpower spent 1 million to place advertisements in Sunday papers across the country featuring their White Glove Girls Winter described the company s strategy We chose white gloves as a symbol because they seem to represent everything that is feminine neat and proper They symbolize quality and efficiency 15 A 1962 advertisement 16 from TIME features model Judy Newton 15 who was the public face of Manpower in the 1960s as The Girl in the White Gloves It cites Manpower s 240 offices in the US and Canada and 15 offices in Europe It also specifies that the company offered the following divisions Office Services Industrial Help Salespower Inc and Technical Services In The Temp Economy From Kelly Girls to Permatemps in Postwar America Hatton posits that the images in these advertisements were carefully curated to be respectable sex symbols and very purposefully not displaying images of men or nonwhites and emphasizing that the White Glove Girls were specially certified as code for white amp middle class and not recent immigrants or black migrants 15 A 1964 advertisement 17 claims that the White Glove Girl carries an official training certificate that she is trained in adapting quickly to new office routine advanced telephone technique dictation technique transcribing services good filing technique fine points of electric typing care of office equipment keeping work confidential starting the work day right office etiquette wardrobe and grooming and dealing with office emergencies The ad bills Manpower as the world s largest temporary help service with over 300 offices globally In 1962 Manpower went public listing shares on the New York Stock Exchange 18 nbsp Manpower Inc logo from 1967 to 2006 By 1967 Manpower advertising claimed the company has over 500 offices throughout the world 19 The company opened its 100th foreign office and 500th office globally in Istanbul Turkey on February 7 1967 20 On March 31 1967 Manpower registered 300 000 shares of common stock offered for sale at 28 per share 21 In 1968 Manpower Technical is established expanding to offer specialized temporary employees outside office clerical and industrial settings 3 Parker Pen Company 1975 1985 edit On August 18 1975 upon the retirement of co founder Elmer Winter the Parker Pen Company announced its acquisition of Manpower for 28 2 million A new subsidiary of Parker would own 80 of the common stock with the remaining 20 purchased by Mitchell S Fromstein Manpower Chairman of the Board 22 In January 1985 Fromstein became President of Parker Pen in October of the same year Fromstein announced the private sale of the pen business as Manpower had grown to represent 90 of Parker s sales while the pen business struggled Upon the completion of the sale Parker Pen renamed itself Manpower Inc and the sold Pen business retained the Parker Pen name 23 Return to public company takeover by Blue Arrow 1986 1990 edit On June 27 1986 Manpower went public once again registering 300 000 shares of common stock with the SEC 24 On August 4 1987 British firm Blue Arrow made a surprise bid to purchase Manpower for 1 2 billion in cash or 75 a share for all 16 million outstanding shares Blue Arrow intended to change Manpower into a full service firm by adding permanent placement and executive recruiting services cutting costs and adding performance bonuses to employee compensation as they had done successfully with their 1985 purchase of Brook Street Bureau 25 At the time Manpower was virtually tied with Kelly Services for position as the largest American temporary services firm each with 11 12 market share Blue Arrow was about 10 the size of Manpower some analysts considered their takeover offer too low 26 Manpower s board rejected the initial takeover offer only to receive a new offer of 1 33 billion or 82 50 a share that they accepted on August 22 Along with the increased offer price Blue Arrow agreed that the company would operate as a subsidiary retaining the Manpower name in the US the Milwaukee office would remain open and that Fromstein would stay on 27 In the intervening weeks before accepting the Blue Arrow offer Fromstein attempted to negotiate a joint venture with Adia S A to blunt the takeover however the Swiss employment firm decided not to proceed 28 Adia later went on to merge with French firm Ecco in 1996 to form Adecco 29 The company resumed trading on the NYSE as MAN on October 3 1988 30 On December 7 1988 Fromstein resigned as President and Chief Executive of Manpower publicly stating that the decision was mutual 31 However it was Blue Arrow CEO and Chairman Antony Berry who convinced the board to oust Fromstein forcing him out of the company In response Fromstein mounted an effort backed by Manpower franchises in the US to replace Berry Just a month later in January 1989 the board removed Berry as CEO and appointed Fromstein in the Blue Arrow chief executive role while Berry remained company chairman 32 Berry s removal came amid poor stock performance and a scandal as the British Department of Trade and Industry investigated NatWest bank Blue Arrow s investment bank advisor for the Manpower purchase over an alleged stock price support operation following the failure of the stock flotation 33 Charges were later filed in what became known as the Blue Arrow Affair in November 1989 34 In April 1989 Fromstein consolidated his hold on Blue Arrow when the board removed Berry completely appointing Fromstein as chairman 35 Later that year Fromstein announced the intent to rename Blue Arrow PLC to Manpower PLC 36 commenting since Manpower Inc represents over 75 of the company s revenues and profits and is the multinational brand among the company s holdings it is appropriate to make this change 37 Ultimately Manpower moved the head office from Britain back to Milwaukee 38 Reorganization as Manpower Inc 1990 2005 edit On January 31 1990 Blue Arrow PLC announced its intent to re incorporate in the United States as Manpower Inc and to return its corporate headquarters to Milwaukee 39 This process completed in 1991 40 with the incorporation of Manpower Inc a new publicly traded holding company that acquired Manpower PLC the renamed Blue Arrow which indirectly owned Manpower International Inc 18 In 1999 Fromstein retired as president CEO and chairman of the board and is named chairman emeritus Jeffrey Joerres was named the new president and CEO The company rebranded Manpower Technical as Manpower Professional 3 In January 2000 Manpower acquired Elan Group Ltd a provider of IT staffing solutions buzzword based in the UK with operations in the Netherlands Ireland Switzerland Germany and Hong Kong for 146 2 million The company merged its IT staffing operations across Europe under the Elan brand 41 During 2000 Manpower launched The Empower Group an independent operating division providing consulting services to multinational corporations in the UK Australia New Zealand and the US 42 On July 9 2001 Manpower closed on its acquisition of Jefferson Wells International Inc a provider of professional accounting and tax services in the US and Canada for 174 million 43 On December 11 2003 Manpower announced an agreement to acquire Right Management Consultants for 488 million or 18 75 per share 44 into which they merged Empower 45 nbsp Manpower Inc logo from 2006 to 2011 Global rebrand 2006 2011 edit In 2006 the company announced a new global brand identity with a new logo marketing materials and advertising campaigns 46 The new brand was developed by the London office of Wolff Olins with advertising developed by WPP s Grey Worldwide in New York and media strategy and planning by sister agency MediaCom 47 According to the press release As part of the re branding process Manpower has streamlined its brand architecture from over 200 brands worldwide down to only five brands that now represent its total service offering These brands are Manpower Manpower Professional Elan Jefferson Wells and Right Management The new Manpower logo consists of five oval shapes in five different colors which comprise the initials MP and reflect the range of services that Manpower now offers 48 By 2007 under the name Manpower Business Solutions MBS the company provided task outsourcing vendor management onsite HR services and Recruitment Process Outsourcing RPO 49 In February 2010 Manpower agreed to acquire COMSYS IT Partners Inc for 17 65 per share or a total of 431 million in half cash and half stock 50 The COMSYS acquisition included their Tapfin brand expanding Manpower s investment in RPO and Managed Service Provider MSP offerings 51 On April 5 2010 Manpower completed the COMSYS acquisition and integrated the company with Manpower Professional IT Tapfin MSP and RPO offerings were integrated with Manpower Business Solutions 52 53 nbsp ManpowerGroup logo since 2011 Rebranding as ManpowerGroup since 2011 edit In 2011 the company rebranded itself to ManpowerGroup and organized itself into four primary brands Manpower Experis formed from the combination of Manpower Professional Elan and Jefferson Wells Right Management and ManpowerGroup Solutions formerly Manpower Business Solutions 54 The new corporate name was part of an effort to become known as a workforce solutions buzzword company versus a traditional employment agency 55 The new brand name Experis was intended to emphasize the concepts of experience and expertise 56 57 New corporate and brand logos derived from the current corporate logo with work from The Martin Agency of Richmond VA 58 59 On September 22 2011 ManpowerGroup acquired 70 of Proservia SA a French IT and systems engineering company 60 The remaining shares were acquired by November 2011 for a total of 29 4 million On May 1 2014 Jonas Prising replaced Joerres as CEO and Joerres assumed the role of executive chairman 61 Joerres retired on December 30 2015 and Prising replaced him as chairman while retaining his role as CEO 62 On June 1 2015 ManpowerGroup announced the acquisition of the Australian and Singapore divisions of Greythorn and its subsidiary Marks Sattin 63 In August 2015 the Experis division announced the acquisition of a majority stake in Veritaaq a Canadian IT consulting firm 64 On September 3 2015 ManpowerGroup acquired 7S Group GmbH a German HR services firm for 140 4 million 65 In 2016 and 2017 ManpowerGroup purchased several divisions of Ciber in Europe Ciber Netherlands 66 Ciber Norway 67 and Ciber Spain 68 In August 2021 Manpower acquired IT resourcing and services provider Ettain Group for 925 million 69 Subsidiaries editManpowerGroup owns hundreds of subsidiary companies around the world 8 the majority of which operate under the company s four primary brands Manpower Experis Right Management or ManpowerGroup Solutions The company does however operate several independent brands and joint ventures These subsidiaries include Manpower Jobs Solutions WORK PERMIS WORK Manpower Jobs Generation WORK PERMIS FOR EU TO WORLD JOB EU JOB CH c 2020 Manpower Jobs Generations All Rights Reserved 70 Econometrix 71 Tapfin 72 ManpowerGroup Public Sector 73 US Proservia 74 France and elsewhere in Europe FuturSkill 75 France Supplay 76 France Experis Veritaaq 77 Canada The SJB Group 78 UK Greythorn 79 Australia Marks Sattin 80 81 Australia and Singapore Arcqus 82 Germany AviationPowerGroup 83 a joint venture with Lufthansa Technical Training Germany and the UK Bankpower 84 a joint venture with Deutsche Bank Germany Montaplan 85 Germany Shoga 86 Germany Siebenlist Grey amp Partner 87 Germany SPLU 88 Germany Stegdoc 89 Germany Stegmann 90 91 Germany and Belgium Stegmed 92 Germany Vivento Interim Services VIS 93 a joint venture with Deutsche Telekom Germany Avan 94 Norway Experis Ciber 95 96 97 Norway Spain and the Netherlands purchased from Ciber Workshop Bemanning amp Kompetanse 98 Norway iSense ICT Professionals 99 Netherlands PEAK IT 100 Netherlands Salarisprofs 101 Netherlands Job Support Power 102 Japan Pro Hunt 103 Japan Event Elite 104 Hong Kong Manpower Jobs Solutions Manpower Jobs GenerationSee also edit nbsp Companies portal Professional employer organization Employment agency Recruitment Temporary work UK agency worker law Casual workReferences edit a b c d e f g h Manpower Inc 2021 Annual Report Form 10 K sec gov U S Securities and Exchange Commission February 2021 Rovito Rich September 4 2007 Manpower set to begin move to downtown Milwaukee Milwaukee Business Journal Retrieved September 25 2017 a b c d History Over 65 Years of What s Humanly Possible ManpowerGroup Retrieved September 22 2017 ManpowerGroup About ManpowerGroup Retrieved February 6 2019 ManpowerGroup Corporate Fact Sheet 2017 PDF ManpowerGroup Retrieved September 22 2017 ManpowerGroup Corporate Fact Sheet 2016 PDF ManpowerGroup Retrieved September 22 2017 Annual Report 2016 ManpowerGroup Inc PDF ManpowerGroup Retrieved September 22 2017 a b Subsidiaries and Affiliates ManpowerGroup Inc ManpowerGroup Retrieved September 22 2017 SIA Announces Largest Global Staffing Firms Press release Mountain View California Staffing Industry Analysts SIA August 18 2016 Retrieved September 25 2017 ManpowerGroup Our Brands Annual Report ManpowerGroup 2006 Retrieved September 25 2017 Martin Douglas October 30 2009 Elmer Winter 97 Co Founder of Manpower Temp Agency Dies The New York Times Retrieved February 5 2019 Scheinfeld James D 2006 I 1947 1948 The Beginnings of Manpower Inc A History of Manpower Inc 1948 1976 First ed United States of America Shay Publishing LLC pp 1 4 ISBN 978 0 9773424 0 2 Retrieved February 5 2019 via Google Books The Fifty Year Path To The Gig Economy Hatton Erin January 26 2013 The Rise of the Permanent Temp Economy The New York Times Retrieved February 5 2019 a b c Hatton Erin 2011 The Making of the Kelly Girl The Temp Economy From Kelly Girls to Permatemps in Postwar America Philadelphia Temple University Press pp 30 41 ISBN 9781439900826 Retrieved February 5 2019 via Google Books Call Manpower For the Girl in The White Gloves Gallery of Graphic Design March 18 2008 Retrieved February 5 2019 New Special Training makes the difference between Manpower White Glove Girls and other temporary office workers Retrieved February 5 2019 a b Manpower Inc 1996 Annual Report Form 10 K sec gov U S Securities and Exchange Commission February 25 1997 Item 1 Business Introduction and History Call For a Manpower White Glove Girl Gallery of Graphic Design March 18 2008 Retrieved February 5 2019 100th Foreign Office Opened By Manpower Altoona Mirror February 7 1967 Retrieved February 5 2019 SEC News Digest 04 06 1967 PDF sec gov U S Securities and Exchange Commission April 6 1967 p 3 Koshetz Herbert August 19 1975 Parker Pen in Pact to Acquire Manpower Inc for 28 Million The New York Times Retrieved February 5 2019 Gilpin Kenneth N October 18 1985 Parker Family Member To Focus on Pens Again The New York Times Retrieved February 5 2019 SEC News Digest 07 08 1986 PDF sec gov U S Securities and Exchange Commission July 8 1986 p 4 Lohr Steve August 5 1987 A Daring Bid for Manpower The New York Times Retrieved February 5 2019 Yoshihara Nancy August 5 1987 British Rival Makes Surprise Offer for Manpower Temporary Jobs Firm Los Angeles Times Retrieved February 5 2019 Manpower Says Yes to Sweetened Takeover Offer Blue Arrow Rival British Temporary Agency Bids 1 33 Billion for U S Firm Los Angeles Times August 22 1987 Retrieved February 10 2019 Phillips Stephen August 22 1987 Blue Arrow To Acquire Manpower The New York Times Retrieved February 5 2019 Studer Margaret May 9 1996 Adia Ecco Merger to Form Giant in Personnel Services The Wall Street Journal Retrieved February 5 2019 MAN ManpowerGroup Yahoo Finance 2019 Retrieved February 5 2019 Schachter Jim December 7 1988 Manpower Chief Resigns Post by Mutual Consent Los Angeles Times Retrieved February 5 2019 Blue Arrow Chief Executive Replaced by Man He Ousted The New York Times January 14 1989 Retrieved February 6 2019 Ex Manpower Chief to Head Parent Firm Los Angeles Times January 14 1989 Retrieved February 10 2019 Police Bring Charges in Blue Arrow Affair Associated Press November 9 1989 Retrieved February 10 2019 Blue Arrow s Berry Out As Chairman Replaced By Fromstein Associated Press April 5 1989 Retrieved February 10 2019 Blue Arrow to Change Name to Manpower Chicago Tribune October 18 1989 Retrieved February 5 2019 Blue Arrow makes way for Manpower The Herald December 13 1989 Retrieved February 5 2019 Berss Marcia October 1990 You Can Go Home Again Forbes Retrieved February 5 2019 Blue Arrow PLC the world s biggest employment Chicago Tribune January 31 1990 Retrieved February 5 2019 SEC News Digest 03 22 1991 PDF sec gov U S Securities and Exchange Commission March 22 1991 p 4 Jones Dow January 12 2000 Manpower to Buy Elan An Employment Concern The New York Times Retrieved February 5 2019 Manpower Inc 2001 Annual Report Form 10 K sec gov U S Securities and Exchange Commission February 28 2002 Item 1 Business Operations Manpower Inc Completes Acquisition of Jefferson Wells International Inc Press release ManpowerGroup July 9 2001 Retrieved February 5 2019 Manpower in 488 Million Deal To Acquire Right Management The Wall Street Journal December 11 2003 Retrieved February 5 2019 Manpower Inc 2003 Annual Report Form 10 K sec gov U S Securities and Exchange Commission February 17 2004 Item 1 Business Other Operations Alex Griffin April 12 2016 Manpower Rebrand on Behance Behance Retrieved February 5 2019 Manpower unveils fresh brand identity and advertising push Campaign February 22 2006 Retrieved February 5 2019 Manpower Refreshes its Brand to Encompass its Full Range of Services Press release ManpowerGroup February 21 2006 Retrieved February 5 2019 Manpower Inc 2008 Annual Report Form 10 K sec gov U S Securities and Exchange Commission February 17 2009 Item 1 Business Introduction amp History Manpower Inc 2009 Annual Report Form 10 K sec gov U S Securities and Exchange Commission February 16 2010 p 15 Behind the News Another Acquisition Manpower Buys Comsys CWS 30 February 2 4 Staffing Industry Analysts SIA February 11 2010 Retrieved September 25 2017 Manpower Expands Staffing Services With Acquisition of COMSYS HRO Today February 4 2010 Retrieved September 25 2017 Acquisition of COMSYS Offers Strategic and Cultural Fit Providing the Manpower Group of Companies with Unparalleled Presence Capabilities and Value to Help Clients and Candidates Win Press release ManpowerGroup 2010 Retrieved February 5 2019 Manpower Inc 2011 Annual Report Form 10 K sec gov U S Securities and Exchange Commission February 22 2012 Item 1 Business Introduction amp History Daniels Chris April 1 2011 Manpower Rebrands as ManpowerGroup with new campaign PR Week Retrieved February 5 2019 Rovito Rich March 30 2011 Joerres explains Manpower s new name Milwaukee Business Journal Retrieved February 5 2019 Cohn Michael May 13 2011 Jefferson Wells Becomes Experis Accounting Today Retrieved February 5 2019 New logo ManpowerGroup The Branding Source March 31 2011 Retrieved September 25 2017 Manpower Procreates Manpower ey Logos Brand New May 5 2011 Retrieved September 25 2017 France ManpowerGroup Completes Proservica Deal Staffing Industry Analysts SIA September 23 2011 Retrieved February 10 2019 Jonas Prising elected ManpowerGroup CEO Jeffrey Joerres named Executive Chairman both effective May 1 2014 Press release Milwaukee PRNewswire February 11 2014 Retrieved February 10 2019 Schuyler David October 29 2015 ManpowerGroup chairman Jeffrey Joerres to retire Dec 30 Milwaukee Business Journal Retrieved February 10 2019 ManpoweGroup Buys Greythorn Staffing Ops in Australia Singapore Staffing Industry Analysts June 1 2015 Retrieved February 10 2019 Manpowergrou s Experis to Acquire Majority Stake in Canadian Firm Staffing Industry Analysts SIA August 6 2015 Retrieved February 10 2019 H I G Completes Sale of 7S Group to ManpowerGroup Business Wire September 3 2015 Retrieved February 10 2019 Barrow Olivia June 6 2016 ManpowerGroup buys IT firm in Netherlands Milwaukee Business Journal Retrieved February 10 2019 Manpowergroup to Acquire Ciber Norway Staffing Industry Analysts SIA August 24 2016 Retrieved February 10 2019 Dill Molly February 15 2017 ManpowerGroup to acquire Ciber Spain BizTimes Retrieved February 10 2019 Melendez John August 25 2021 ManpowerGroup Buys Ettain Group for 925M Mergers amp Acquisitions Retrieved June 6 2022 About CareerHarmony CareerHarmony Retrieved February 9 2019 Econometrix About Us Econometrix A ManpowerGroup Company Retrieved February 9 2019 About TAPFIN Tapfin a ManpowerGroup Solutions Company Retrieved February 9 2019 ManpowerGroup Public Sector ManpowerGroup Retrieved February 9 2019 Proservia Nous connaitre Proservia Retrieved February 9 2019 Nous connaitre Manpower FuturSkill FuturSkill Retrieved February 9 2019 Supplay Supplay a subsidiary of ManpowerGroup Retrieved February 9 2019 Experis Veritaaq About Us Veritaaq March 28 2013 Retrieved February 9 2019 About SJB The SJB Group Retrieved February 9 2019 Greythorn History Greythorn Retrieved February 9 2019 History Marks Sattin Australia Mark Sattin Retrieved February 9 2019 Marks Sattin s Milestones Marks Sattin Singapore Mark Sattin Retrieved February 9 2019 Arcqus Arcqus a brand of ManpowerGroup Solutions Retrieved February 9 2019 Luftfahrdienstleister AviationPower ManpowerGroup ManpowerGroup Retrieved February 9 2019 Bankpower cooperation with Deutsche Bank ManpowerGroup ManpowerGroup Retrieved February 9 2019 Uber uns Montaplan ManpowerGroup Retrieved February 9 2019 Shoga Jobs und Personal fur Gastronomie und Hotellerie Shoga Personal a brand of Manpower Retrieved February 9 2019 ManpowerGroup Siebenlist Grey amp Partner GmbH Siebenlist Grey amp Partner a brand of Experis Retrieved February 9 2019 SPLU Engineers echte Engineering Experten SPLU a brand of ManpowerGroup Solutions Retrieved February 9 2019 Arztestellen amp Arztevermittlung durch Facharzt Agentur Honorararztagentur Stegdoc Stegdoc a brand of Experis Retrieved February 9 2019 Zeitarbeit und Personaldienstleistung Stegmann Stegmann Personaldienstleistung GmbH Retrieved February 9 2019 Over Stegmann Stegmann Belgium Stegmann Belgium a ManpowerGroup Company Retrieved February 9 2019 Stegmed Vermittlung von Pflegepersonal in der Medizin Stegmed a brand of Experis Retrieved February 9 2019 Vivento Interim Services Kooperation mit der deutschen Telekom ManpowerGroup ManpowerGroup Retrieved February 9 2019 AVAN Avan AS a subsidiary of ManpowerGroup Retrieved February 9 2019 Ciber Norge Experis Ciber AS Retrieved February 9 2019 Experis Ciber Experis Ciber Retrieved February 10 2019 Over ons Experis Ciber Experis Ciber Retrieved February 9 2019 Workshop Bemanning amp Kompetanse AS Workshop Bemanning a wholly owned subsidiary of ManpowerGroup Retrieved February 9 2019 iSense ICT Professionals iSense ICT Professionals Retrieved June 12 2019 Management Peak It Peak It a part of Experis Retrieved February 9 2019 Salarisprofs Salarisprofs a ManpowerGroup company Retrieved February 9 2019 特例子会社 ジョブサポートパワー株式会社 人材派遣 人材紹介のマンパワーグループ Special Subsidiary Job Support Power Corporation Manpower Group of Staffing amp Recruiting ManpowerGroup Retrieved February 9 2019 プロハント株式会社 マンパワーグループ Pro Hunt ManpowerGroup ManpowerGroup Retrieved February 9 2019 Event Elite a member of Manpower Event Elite Production and Promotion Limited a member of Manpower Retrieved February 9 2019 External links editOfficial website nbsp nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Manpower Inc Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title ManpowerGroup amp oldid 1224277471 Subsidiaries, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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