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Parker Pen Company

The Parker Pen Company is a French manufacturer of luxury writing pens, founded in 1888[1] by George Safford Parker in Janesville, Wisconsin, United States. In 2011 the Parker factory at Newhaven, East Sussex, England, was closed, and its production transferred to Nantes, France.[2]

Parker Pen Company
The Parker factory on Railway Road in Newhaven, England
TypeSubsidiary
IndustryWriting instruments
Founded1888; 135 years ago (1888)
FounderGeorge Safford Parker
HeadquartersNantes France (after 2011), ,
UK (until 2011)
Area served
Worldwide
ProductsFountain and ballpoint pens, mechanical pencils
ParentNewell Brands
Websiteparkerpen.com

History

George Safford Parker, the founder, had previously been a sales agent for the John Holland Gold Pen Company. He received his first fountain pen related patent in 1889.[3] In 1894 Parker received a patent on his "Lucky Curve" fountain pen feed,[4] which was claimed to draw excess ink back into the pen barrel when the pen was not in use. The company's first successful pen, released in 1899, was the Parker Jointless. The Lucky Curve feed was used in various forms until 1928.[5]

 
Several models of the Parker 51, regarded as the most widely used model of fountain pen

From the 1920s to the 1960s, before the development of the ballpoint pen, Parker was either number one or number two in worldwide writing instrument sales. In 1931, Parker created Quink (quick drying ink), which eliminated the need for blotting.[6] In 1941, the company developed the most widely used model of fountain pen in history (over $400 million worth of sales in its 30-year history), the Parker 51.[7][8] Manufacturing facilities were set up over the years in Canada, United Kingdom, Denmark, France, Mexico, USA, Pakistan, India, Germany (Osmia-Parker), Brazil and Argentina.[citation needed]

 
Parker Duofold desk set, 1930

In 1954 Parker released the Parker Jotter ballpoint[9] pen with its original nylon body and inverted "V" clip. The Jotter would go on to sell over 750 million units during its history. In 1955, the company introduced its Liquid Lead pencil which used liquid graphite to write like a pen. Unfortunately, the Scripto company had introduced a similar product called Fluidlead a few months previously. To avoid a costly patent fight the companies agreed to share their formulas with each other.[10]

The company bought retailer and catalog company Norm Thompson in 1973, and then sold it in 1981.[11] In 1976 Parker acquired Manpower just as the temporary staffing market was surging. In time Manpower provided more revenue than the pen business. A 1982 spinoff, Sintered Specialties, Inc., became SSI Technologies, a manufacturer of automotive sensors.[citation needed]

A management buyout in 1986, moved the company's headquarters to Newhaven, East Sussex, England, which was the original location of the Valentine Pen Company previously acquired by Parker. In 1993 Parker was purchased by the Gillette Company, which already owned the Paper Mate brand - the best-selling disposable ballpoint. In 2000 Gillette sold its writing instruments division to the company Newell Rubbermaid, whose Sanford Stationery Division became the largest writing instrument manufacturers in the world at that time, simultaneously owning such brand names as Rotring, Sharpie, Reynolds as well as Parker, PaperMate, Waterman, and Liquid Paper.[citation needed]

With commercial competition increasing upon the Parker Jotter's classic metal ink refill cartridge design from low cost generic copies produced in China, as Parker's unique design patent for the cartridge expired, Parker's sales began to be drastically adversely affected. In July 2009 Newell Rubbermaid Inc. in response announced that it had decided to close down the Parker production factory at Newhaven in England with the dismissal of 180 employees from the facility, and relocate production to France.[12] The following month, Newell Rubbermaid Inc. announced that the factory in Janesville, Wisconsin, was also to close the remaining operation there producing Parker Pens (which eliminated a further 153 manufacturing jobs). The company press release stated: "This decision is a response to structural issues accelerated by market trends and is in no way a reflection on the highly valued work performed by our Janesville employees over the years." Newell Rubbermaid offered 'transitional employment services' along with severance pay in compensation to the dismissed workforce.[13][14]

Subsequently, Parker has abandoned its traditional retail outlets in North America. While some of its former staple Jotter pens may be found in retailers such as Office Depot, the Parker line has been moved to upscale "luxury" retailers in an abandonment of its former business model of quality manufacture combined with mass market appeal and pricing.[citation needed] With this commercial strategic move Parker also altered its traditional product warranty on its high end pens, changing the former lifetime guarantee to a two-year warranty limitation.[15]

Parker Pen Co. was an aviation pioneer. The interest of Parker Pen Co. about aircraft came from Kenneth Parker, son of the founder, he enlisted in the fledgling air service and, after flight training at Miami Air Base, Kenneth was assigned to officer training in tactical maneuvers at Pensacola Naval Air Station, Florida. From their first company business plane, the Parker Duofold Fairchild, they used it as an innovative advertising weapon inviting his dealers.[16] Between the 1920s and 1960s, Parker maintained a considerable air fleet.

Famous models

Key models in the company's history include:

  • Jointless (1899)
  • Jack Knife Safety (1909)
  • Duofold (1921)
  • Vacumatic (1932)
  • "51" (1941)
  • Jotter (1954)
  • 61 (1956)
  • 45 (1964)
  • 75 (1964)
  • Classic (1967)
  • 25 (1975)
  • 180 (1977)
  • Arrow (1982)
  • Vector (1986)
  • Duofold International (1987)
  • 95 (1988)
  • Sonnet (1993)
  • Parker 100 (2004)

Parker 25

The Parker 25 was a pen introduced by the Parker Pen Company in 1975. Created by the renowned designer Kenneth Grange based on a detailed brief,[17] it was manufactured in Newhaven, England and produced in a variety of different versions until 1999.[18] An eye-catching, contemporary-looking pen, with mainly steel components, the Parker 25 was intended to revive the company's fortunes. As The Guardian wrote, '(Grange's) classic Parker pen had the machined lustre of a bullet. In fact, its tapering barrel was inspired by an American space rocket, a form that enabled the lid to be the same diameter as the pen no matter which end it was attached to.'[19] It was affordable enough to become a staple entry-level pen for both work and leisure uses - and for secondary school students at a time when fountain pens were still obligatory in many British schools. Advertising slogans used to market Parker 25s included 'Modern as Tomorrow', 'Space Age Design, Space Age Performance', 'European Styled' and 'Contemporary, Highly Functional Design'.[20]

 
Parker 25 flighters

Parker 25s were issued in several variants: initially, fountain pen, ballpoint, fibre point and mechanical pencil.[21] A rollerball model was introduced in 1981, and fibre tips were phased out a couple of years later. While the great majority of Parker 25s were 'flighters', with a brushed steel finish, matte black and later white versions were issued between 1978 and 1987. The pens had four different trim colours - blue (the most common), black, green, and most rarely of all, orange. Orange trim Parker 25s were discontinued in 1976 following a copyright dispute with Rotring, and surviving examples are very sought after. A striking feature of all Parker 25s is the square plastic tassie logo on the clip.

The earliest Mark I Parker 25 fountain pens dating from the first year of production feature a distinctive breather hole in the nib. While the original models had a flat plastic circle on top of the cap, Mark III and IV pens have a round ridge on this inner cap. Pens manufactured from 1980 feature letter date codes which were changed every quarter. Those manufactured from 1990 are stamped 'Made in UK'; earlier pens were inscribed 'Made in England'. Pens without any manufacture stamps, or inscribed 'Made in Aust', are very rare. Parker 25s were all assembled in Britain by hand[22] - unlike Jotters, Vectors and other mass market pens - and were very minimalist, comprising between 9 and 11 components.

The 25 was an extremely successful pen for Parker commercially, especially during its first decade or so of production.[23] A number of promotional versions were made up to order, featuring company logos on the barrel (the matte black and white versions were often branded in this way), clip or cap.

Some pen fans are rather disparaging about the Parker 25, which lacks the status of the legendary Parker Duofold[24] or the storied Parker 51.[25] But in recent years they have been enjoying a revival, their space age look evoking nostalgia for the final quarter of the twentieth century. The Parker 25 was even given the accolade of an exhibition stand at the Victoria and Albert Museum.[26]

Parker Vector

 
Parker Vector stainless steel ballpoint pen

The precursor to the Parker Vector was introduced in 1981. It was a simple cylindrical plastic cap and barrel roller-ball pen called the "Parker RB1".[27] In 1984, Parker added the FP1 ("Fountain Pen 1"), with essentially the same design. The RB1 and FP1 models were produced until 1986, at which time Parker revised the pen by lengthening the cap and shortening the barrel and renaming the new pen the "Vector Standard". Presently, there are four models available (in plastic and steel): the fountain pen, capped rollerball, pushbutton ballpoint, and pushbutton pencil.[28]

US Presidential Parkers

 
Bill Clinton Parker Insignia Set

Parker Jotters were a favorite choice of President John F. Kennedy for signing legislation and to give as gifts.[29] Indeed, successive presidents from Kennedy to Clinton used Parker pens for these purposes, and Parker retained a special representative, John W. Gibbs, to handle White House orders. In one of his early years in office, Lyndon Johnson ordered no less than 60,000 Parker pens. LBJ would use up to 75 pens to sign each important document and bill, writing different strokes of the letters of his name with different pens, and giving them all away to allies and supporters with little typed certificates. After Parker ceased to be an American-owned company, later presidents switched to using A. T. Cross Company pens.[30]

Products

Products offered by the Parker Pen Company as of 2012:[31]

Type Model
5th Technology I.M., Ingenuity, Sonnet, Urban
Fountain pens Duofold, Premier, Frontier, Sonnet, Facet, Esprit, Urban, I.M., Vector, Jotter
Ballpoint pens Reflex, Facet, Executive, Esprit, Frontier, Urban, I.M., Vector, Jotter
Inks and refills Quink, 5TH Mode

Gallery

See also

References

  1. ^ . www.parkerpen.com. Archived from the original on 2 September 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  2. ^ "Pen factory closure plan revealed". 16 July 2009. Retrieved 26 April 2018 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
  3. ^ "George safford parker". google.com. from the original on 26 April 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  4. ^ US patent n.512319 11 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine.
  5. ^ "Parker/en - FountainPen". www.fountainpen.it. from the original on 26 April 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  6. ^ "Sorry". www.parkerpen.com. from the original on 27 May 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  7. ^ "Parker Penography: PARKER 51". parkerpens.net. from the original on 22 October 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  8. ^ "Books About Pens". www.booksaboutpens.com. from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  9. ^ "Parker Jotter". Unsharpen.com. Retrieved 31 January 2021.
  10. ^ "Vintage Pen Blog". GoPens.com. from the original on 6 September 2017.
  11. ^ Hambug, Ken (20 November 1989). "Portland's Norm Thompson is 40 and still growing". The Oregonian. p. C9.
  12. ^ Sussex Edition 26 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine; BBC News.
  13. ^ Parker Pen Newhaven closure plan revealed 10 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine, The Argus, 16 July 2009
  14. ^ Sanford leaving Janesville 23 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Madison.com, 19 August 2009
  15. ^ Parker Official Website 9 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  16. ^ "Parker An Invitation to Fly". www.parkersheaffer.com. 23 May 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  17. ^ See Malcolm Toak, Pen to Paper, The Story of Newhaven's Pen Factory, New Anzac Publications, 2005
  18. ^ "Parker Pens Penography: PARKER 25". parkerpens.net. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
  19. ^ "Kenneth Grange: A very British modernist". the Guardian. 19 July 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
  20. ^ "publications-and-prices". My Site 15444. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
  21. ^ "Moreengineering".
  22. ^ "Introduction - moreengineering".
  23. ^ "Parker Pens Penography: PARKER 25".
  24. ^ See David Shepherd and Dan Zazove, Parker Duofold, Surrenden Pens Ltd, 2006.
  25. ^ See David Shepherd and Mark Shepherd, Parker "51", Surrenden Pens Ltd, 2004.
  26. ^ Kenneth Grange at the Boilerhouse, Parker 25, Design Council Slide Collection, Victoria and Albert Museum, https://vads.ac.uk/large.php?uid=53760&sos=0
  27. ^ Note: The RB1 name stands for "Rollerball 1".
  28. ^ Jr, Ralph Gardner (9 December 2010). "When Parker Pens Ruled". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
  29. ^ "John F. Kennedy Parker Jotter Pen". John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. JFK Library and museum. from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 3 February 2017. President Kennedy's Favorite Pen
  30. ^ Loring, John. "The Presidential Pen - the first fifty years". John Loring. from the original on 27 December 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2017.
  31. ^ "Welcome to Parker". www.parkerpen.com. from the original on 15 March 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2018.

External links

  • Official website  
  • Information site for 130 years of Parker pens
  • Parker pens gallery on Penhero site

parker, company, french, manufacturer, luxury, writing, pens, founded, 1888, george, safford, parker, janesville, wisconsin, united, states, 2011, parker, factory, newhaven, east, sussex, england, closed, production, transferred, nantes, france, parker, factor. The Parker Pen Company is a French manufacturer of luxury writing pens founded in 1888 1 by George Safford Parker in Janesville Wisconsin United States In 2011 the Parker factory at Newhaven East Sussex England was closed and its production transferred to Nantes France 2 Parker Pen CompanyThe Parker factory on Railway Road in Newhaven EnglandTypeSubsidiaryIndustryWriting instrumentsFounded1888 135 years ago 1888 FounderGeorge Safford ParkerHeadquartersNantes France after 2011 Newhaven East Sussex UK until 2011 Area servedWorldwideProductsFountain and ballpoint pens mechanical pencilsParentNewell BrandsWebsiteparkerpen com Contents 1 History 2 Famous models 2 1 Parker 25 2 2 Parker Vector 3 US Presidential Parkers 4 Products 5 Gallery 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksHistory EditGeorge Safford Parker the founder had previously been a sales agent for the John Holland Gold Pen Company He received his first fountain pen related patent in 1889 3 In 1894 Parker received a patent on his Lucky Curve fountain pen feed 4 which was claimed to draw excess ink back into the pen barrel when the pen was not in use The company s first successful pen released in 1899 was the Parker Jointless The Lucky Curve feed was used in various forms until 1928 5 Several models of the Parker 51 regarded as the most widely used model of fountain pen From the 1920s to the 1960s before the development of the ballpoint pen Parker was either number one or number two in worldwide writing instrument sales In 1931 Parker created Quink quick drying ink which eliminated the need for blotting 6 In 1941 the company developed the most widely used model of fountain pen in history over 400 million worth of sales in its 30 year history the Parker 51 7 8 Manufacturing facilities were set up over the years in Canada United Kingdom Denmark France Mexico USA Pakistan India Germany Osmia Parker Brazil and Argentina citation needed Parker Duofold desk set 1930 Parker Jotter pen In 1954 Parker released the Parker Jotter ballpoint 9 pen with its original nylon body and inverted V clip The Jotter would go on to sell over 750 million units during its history In 1955 the company introduced its Liquid Lead pencil which used liquid graphite to write like a pen Unfortunately the Scripto company had introduced a similar product called Fluidlead a few months previously To avoid a costly patent fight the companies agreed to share their formulas with each other 10 The company bought retailer and catalog company Norm Thompson in 1973 and then sold it in 1981 11 In 1976 Parker acquired Manpower just as the temporary staffing market was surging In time Manpower provided more revenue than the pen business A 1982 spinoff Sintered Specialties Inc became SSI Technologies a manufacturer of automotive sensors citation needed A management buyout in 1986 moved the company s headquarters to Newhaven East Sussex England which was the original location of the Valentine Pen Company previously acquired by Parker In 1993 Parker was purchased by the Gillette Company which already owned the Paper Mate brand the best selling disposable ballpoint In 2000 Gillette sold its writing instruments division to the company Newell Rubbermaid whose Sanford Stationery Division became the largest writing instrument manufacturers in the world at that time simultaneously owning such brand names as Rotring Sharpie Reynolds as well as Parker PaperMate Waterman and Liquid Paper citation needed With commercial competition increasing upon the Parker Jotter s classic metal ink refill cartridge design from low cost generic copies produced in China as Parker s unique design patent for the cartridge expired Parker s sales began to be drastically adversely affected In July 2009 Newell Rubbermaid Inc in response announced that it had decided to close down the Parker production factory at Newhaven in England with the dismissal of 180 employees from the facility and relocate production to France 12 The following month Newell Rubbermaid Inc announced that the factory in Janesville Wisconsin was also to close the remaining operation there producing Parker Pens which eliminated a further 153 manufacturing jobs The company press release stated This decision is a response to structural issues accelerated by market trends and is in no way a reflection on the highly valued work performed by our Janesville employees over the years Newell Rubbermaid offered transitional employment services along with severance pay in compensation to the dismissed workforce 13 14 Subsequently Parker has abandoned its traditional retail outlets in North America While some of its former staple Jotter pens may be found in retailers such as Office Depot the Parker line has been moved to upscale luxury retailers in an abandonment of its former business model of quality manufacture combined with mass market appeal and pricing citation needed With this commercial strategic move Parker also altered its traditional product warranty on its high end pens changing the former lifetime guarantee to a two year warranty limitation 15 Parker Pen Co was an aviation pioneer The interest of Parker Pen Co about aircraft came from Kenneth Parker son of the founder he enlisted in the fledgling air service and after flight training at Miami Air Base Kenneth was assigned to officer training in tactical maneuvers at Pensacola Naval Air Station Florida From their first company business plane the Parker Duofold Fairchild they used it as an innovative advertising weapon inviting his dealers 16 Between the 1920s and 1960s Parker maintained a considerable air fleet Famous models EditKey models in the company s history include Jointless 1899 Jack Knife Safety 1909 Duofold 1921 Vacumatic 1932 51 1941 Jotter 1954 61 1956 45 1964 75 1964 Classic 1967 25 1975 180 1977 Arrow 1982 Vector 1986 Duofold International 1987 95 1988 Sonnet 1993 Parker 100 2004 Parker 25 Edit The Parker 25 was a pen introduced by the Parker Pen Company in 1975 Created by the renowned designer Kenneth Grange based on a detailed brief 17 it was manufactured in Newhaven England and produced in a variety of different versions until 1999 18 An eye catching contemporary looking pen with mainly steel components the Parker 25 was intended to revive the company s fortunes As The Guardian wrote Grange s classic Parker pen had the machined lustre of a bullet In fact its tapering barrel was inspired by an American space rocket a form that enabled the lid to be the same diameter as the pen no matter which end it was attached to 19 It was affordable enough to become a staple entry level pen for both work and leisure uses and for secondary school students at a time when fountain pens were still obligatory in many British schools Advertising slogans used to market Parker 25s included Modern as Tomorrow Space Age Design Space Age Performance European Styled and Contemporary Highly Functional Design 20 Parker 25 flighters Parker 25s were issued in several variants initially fountain pen ballpoint fibre point and mechanical pencil 21 A rollerball model was introduced in 1981 and fibre tips were phased out a couple of years later While the great majority of Parker 25s were flighters with a brushed steel finish matte black and later white versions were issued between 1978 and 1987 The pens had four different trim colours blue the most common black green and most rarely of all orange Orange trim Parker 25s were discontinued in 1976 following a copyright dispute with Rotring and surviving examples are very sought after A striking feature of all Parker 25s is the square plastic tassie logo on the clip The earliest Mark I Parker 25 fountain pens dating from the first year of production feature a distinctive breather hole in the nib While the original models had a flat plastic circle on top of the cap Mark III and IV pens have a round ridge on this inner cap Pens manufactured from 1980 feature letter date codes which were changed every quarter Those manufactured from 1990 are stamped Made in UK earlier pens were inscribed Made in England Pens without any manufacture stamps or inscribed Made in Aust are very rare Parker 25s were all assembled in Britain by hand 22 unlike Jotters Vectors and other mass market pens and were very minimalist comprising between 9 and 11 components The 25 was an extremely successful pen for Parker commercially especially during its first decade or so of production 23 A number of promotional versions were made up to order featuring company logos on the barrel the matte black and white versions were often branded in this way clip or cap Some pen fans are rather disparaging about the Parker 25 which lacks the status of the legendary Parker Duofold 24 or the storied Parker 51 25 But in recent years they have been enjoying a revival their space age look evoking nostalgia for the final quarter of the twentieth century The Parker 25 was even given the accolade of an exhibition stand at the Victoria and Albert Museum 26 Parker Vector Edit Parker Vector stainless steel ballpoint pen The precursor to the Parker Vector was introduced in 1981 It was a simple cylindrical plastic cap and barrel roller ball pen called the Parker RB1 27 In 1984 Parker added the FP1 Fountain Pen 1 with essentially the same design The RB1 and FP1 models were produced until 1986 at which time Parker revised the pen by lengthening the cap and shortening the barrel and renaming the new pen the Vector Standard Presently there are four models available in plastic and steel the fountain pen capped rollerball pushbutton ballpoint and pushbutton pencil 28 US Presidential Parkers Edit Bill Clinton Parker Insignia Set Parker Jotters were a favorite choice of President John F Kennedy for signing legislation and to give as gifts 29 Indeed successive presidents from Kennedy to Clinton used Parker pens for these purposes and Parker retained a special representative John W Gibbs to handle White House orders In one of his early years in office Lyndon Johnson ordered no less than 60 000 Parker pens LBJ would use up to 75 pens to sign each important document and bill writing different strokes of the letters of his name with different pens and giving them all away to allies and supporters with little typed certificates After Parker ceased to be an American owned company later presidents switched to using A T Cross Company pens 30 Products EditProducts offered by the Parker Pen Company as of 2012 update 31 Type Model5th Technology I M Ingenuity Sonnet UrbanFountain pens Duofold Premier Frontier Sonnet Facet Esprit Urban I M Vector JotterBallpoint pens Reflex Facet Executive Esprit Frontier Urban I M Vector JotterInks and refills Quink 5TH ModeGallery Edit Sonnet in box Vector Fountain pen tip Gold I M pen Frontier ballpoint Sonnet 1993 Challenger 1938See also EditJointless Duofold 100 51 Jotter Vacumatic Vector Quink List of pen types brands and companiesReferences Edit Sorry www parkerpen com Archived from the original on 2 September 2013 Retrieved 26 April 2018 Pen factory closure plan revealed 16 July 2009 Retrieved 26 April 2018 via news bbc co uk George safford parker google com Archived from the original on 26 April 2018 Retrieved 26 April 2018 US patent n 512319 Archived 11 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine Parker en FountainPen www fountainpen it Archived from the original on 26 April 2018 Retrieved 26 April 2018 Sorry www parkerpen com Archived from the original on 27 May 2013 Retrieved 26 April 2018 Parker Penography PARKER 51 parkerpens net Archived from the original on 22 October 2017 Retrieved 26 April 2018 Books About Pens www booksaboutpens com Archived from the original on 8 July 2011 Retrieved 26 April 2018 Parker Jotter Unsharpen com Retrieved 31 January 2021 Vintage Pen Blog GoPens com Archived from the original on 6 September 2017 Hambug Ken 20 November 1989 Portland s Norm Thompson is 40 and still growing The Oregonian p C9 Sussex Edition Archived 26 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine BBC News Parker Pen Newhaven closure plan revealed Archived 10 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine The Argus 16 July 2009 Sanford leaving Janesville Archived 23 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine Madison com 19 August 2009 Parker Official Website Archived 9 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine Parker An Invitation to Fly www parkersheaffer com 23 May 2020 Retrieved 30 May 2020 See Malcolm Toak Pen to Paper The Story of Newhaven s Pen Factory New Anzac Publications 2005 Parker Pens Penography PARKER 25 parkerpens net Retrieved 22 November 2022 Kenneth Grange A very British modernist the Guardian 19 July 2011 Retrieved 22 November 2022 publications and prices My Site 15444 Retrieved 22 November 2022 Moreengineering Introduction moreengineering Parker Pens Penography PARKER 25 See David Shepherd and Dan Zazove Parker Duofold Surrenden Pens Ltd 2006 See David Shepherd and Mark Shepherd Parker 51 Surrenden Pens Ltd 2004 Kenneth Grange at the Boilerhouse Parker 25 Design Council Slide Collection Victoria and Albert Museum https vads ac uk large php uid 53760 amp sos 0 Note The RB1 name stands for Rollerball 1 Jr Ralph Gardner 9 December 2010 When Parker Pens Ruled Wall Street Journal ISSN 0099 9660 Retrieved 22 November 2022 John F Kennedy Parker Jotter Pen John F Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum JFK Library and museum Archived from the original on 5 September 2015 Retrieved 3 February 2017 President Kennedy s Favorite Pen Loring John The Presidential Pen the first fifty years John Loring Archived from the original on 27 December 2016 Retrieved 3 February 2017 Welcome to Parker www parkerpen com Archived from the original on 15 March 2018 Retrieved 26 April 2018 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Parker Official website Information site for 130 years of Parker pens Parker pens gallery on Penhero site Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Parker Pen Company amp oldid 1123306794, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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