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Evarts Ambrose Graham

January 01, 1970

Evarts Ambrose Graham (March 19, 1883– March 4, 1957) was an American academic, physician, and surgeon.

Evarts Ambrose Graham
Born(1883-03-19)March 19, 1883
Chicago, Illinois, US
DiedMarch 4, 1957(1957-03-04) (aged 73)
St. Louis, Missouri, US
EducationPrinceton University; Rush Medical College
EmployerWashington University School of Medicine
Known forResearch in surgery and radiology; first surgeon to ever perform a successful pneumonectomy for lung cancer
Spouse(s)Helen Tredway, Ph.D.[1]
Children2
AwardsLister Medal (1942)

Early years and military service edit

Born in Chicago, Illinois to a surgeon, David Wilson Graham, and Ida Ansbach Barned Graham,[2] Evarts attended college at Princeton University (A.B., 1904) and received his M.D. degree from Rush Medical College in 1907.[3] Graham then trained as a surgery resident at Presbyterian Hospital in Chicago, and subsequently as a graduate student in chemistry at the University of Chicago. There, he met his wife, Helen Tredway, Ph.D. (1890-1971), a biochemist and pharmacologist.[4] Evarts served as a Major (O4) in the U.S. Army Medical Corps from 1917 to 1919, and was initially posted to Camp Lee (now Fort Lee, Virginia). He completed revolutionary new work on surgical technique for the treatment of empyema, which had become important following the influenza pandemic of 1918.[5] Afterwards, Graham served in France as commander of U.S. Army Evacuation Hospital 34.[6]

Career at Washington University edit

Following his discharge from military service, he was recruited to Washington University in St. Louis, MO as the Bixby Professor of Surgery. An expert thoracic surgeon, he was best known for collaborating with Jacob J. Singer, Kenneth Bell, and William Adams on the first successful removal of a lung for the treatment of bronchogenic carcinoma in 1933.[7] The patient was another physician (an obstetrician-gynecologist from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania), James Lee Gilmore.[8][9] In 1924, together with fellow surgeon Warren Henry Cole, Graham developed the technique of cholecystography, the first procedure for imaging the gallbladder and detecting the presence of cholelithiasis. Graham was instrumental in founding the American Board of Surgery in 1937 and he was active as a medical editor and author.[10] Graham was Editor-in-Chief of the Yearbook of Surgery & the Journal of Thoracic Surgery, and Co-Editor-in-Chief of Annals of Surgery.[11]

Graham served as the chairman of the department of surgery at Washington University School of Medicine (WUSM) from 1919 to 1951, and the chief of surgery at Barnes Hospital, the teaching medical center of WUSM now known as Barnes-Jewish Hospital. Graham and Ernst Wynder conducted the first systematic research on the carcinogenic effects of cigarette smoking that was done on a large scale, and they published their results in a 1950 paper in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA).[12]

Illness and death edit

Graham himself had been a long-time cigarette smoker until his own research, known as the 1950 Wynder and Graham Study, supported a link between smoking and disease, and he ironically died from lung cancer in 1957.[13] He was survived by his wife and two sons—Evarts A. Graham Jr. (1921–1996), an editor,[14] and David Tredway Graham (1918–1999), an internist. Evarts Graham's seminal lung cancer surgery patient in 1933, Gilmore, also outlived him by six years, dying in 1963 at the age of 78.[15]

Honors and awards edit

In 1941, Graham was elected to the American Philosophical Society.[16] That same year, he was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences.[17] He was awarded the Lister Medal in 1942 for his contributions to surgical science.[18] The corresponding Lister Oration, given at the Royal College of Surgeons of England, was not delivered until 1947, and was titled 'Some Aspects of Bronchogenic Carcinoma'.[19] His other awards included the gold medal of the Radiological Society of North America; the Leonard Research Prize of the American Roentgen Ray Society; the gold medal of the St. Louis Medical Society; the gold medal of the Southern Medical Society; and presidency of the International Congress of Surgeons in 1953-1954.[20] Graham received honorary doctorates from the University of Cincinnati, Princeton University, Western Reserve University, the University of Pennsylvania, and the University of Chicago. Named lectureships included the Harvey, Mutter, McArthur, Shattuck, Alvarez, Joyce, Arthur Dean Bevan, Caldwell, Balfour, and Judd Lectures.[11]

References edit

  1. ^ wustl.edu
  2. ^
  3. ^ "Evarts Ambrose Graham" (PDF). National Academy of Science. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  4. ^ Anonymous: Evarts A. Graham (1883-1957). Radiology 1957; 68: 747-748.
  5. ^ Ibid.
  6. ^ Dragstedt LR: Evarts Ambrose Graham (1883-1957): A Biographical Memoir. National Academy of Sciences Press, Washington, D.C., 1976.
  7. ^ Horn L, Johnson DH: Evarts A. Graham and the first pneumonectomy for lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2008; 19: 3268-3275.
  8. ^ Baue AE: Landmark perspective: Evarts A. Graham and the first pneumonectomy. JAMA 1984; 251: 260-264.
  9. ^ http://magazine-archives.wustl.edu/fall03/EvartsGraham.ht[permanent dead link]ml
  10. ^ Mueller CB: Evarts A. Graham: The Life & Times of the Surgical Spirit of St. Louis. Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, BC Decker, Inc., 2002.
  11. ^ a b Op cit., ref. 5
  12. ^ Wynder EL, Graham EA: Tobacco smoking as a possible etiologic factor in bronchogenic carcinoma: a study of 684 proven cases. JAMA 1950; 143: 329-336.
  13. ^ Anonymous: Evarts A. Graham (1883-1957). CA Cancer J Clin 1974; 24: 236-237.
  14. ^ "Evarts A. Graham Journalist, 75". NY Times. 13 March 1996.
  15. ^ Anonymous: Evarts A. Graham (1883-1957). CA Cancer J Clin 1974; 24: 236-237., ref. 6
  16. ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2023-04-27.
  17. ^ "Evarts A. Graham". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2023-04-27.
  18. ^ Announcement of the award of the Lister Medal - Nature 148, 500-500 (25 October 1941).
  19. ^ Some Aspects of Bronchogenic Carcinoma, Evarts A. Graham, Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1947 November; 1(5): 248–264.
  20. ^ Op cit., ref. 3.

External links edit

  • National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir

January 01, 1970
evarts, ambrose, graham, march, 1883, march, 1957, american, academic, physician, surgeon, born, 1883, march, 1883chicago, illinois, usdiedmarch, 1957, 1957, aged, louis, missouri, useducationprinceton, university, rush, medical, collegeemployerwashington, uni. Evarts Ambrose Graham March 19 1883 March 4 1957 was an American academic physician and surgeon Evarts Ambrose GrahamBorn 1883 03 19 March 19 1883Chicago Illinois USDiedMarch 4 1957 1957 03 04 aged 73 St Louis Missouri USEducationPrinceton University Rush Medical CollegeEmployerWashington University School of MedicineKnown forResearch in surgery and radiology first surgeon to ever perform a successful pneumonectomy for lung cancerSpouse s Helen Tredway Ph D 1 Children2AwardsLister Medal 1942 Contents 1 Early years and military service 2 Career at Washington University 3 Illness and death 4 Honors and awards 5 References 6 External linksEarly years and military service editBorn in Chicago Illinois to a surgeon David Wilson Graham and Ida Ansbach Barned Graham 2 Evarts attended college at Princeton University A B 1904 and received his M D degree from Rush Medical College in 1907 3 Graham then trained as a surgery resident at Presbyterian Hospital in Chicago and subsequently as a graduate student in chemistry at the University of Chicago There he met his wife Helen Tredway Ph D 1890 1971 a biochemist and pharmacologist 4 Evarts served as a Major O4 in the U S Army Medical Corps from 1917 to 1919 and was initially posted to Camp Lee now Fort Lee Virginia He completed revolutionary new work on surgical technique for the treatment of empyema which had become important following the influenza pandemic of 1918 5 Afterwards Graham served in France as commander of U S Army Evacuation Hospital 34 6 Career at Washington University editFollowing his discharge from military service he was recruited to Washington University in St Louis MO as the Bixby Professor of Surgery An expert thoracic surgeon he was best known for collaborating with Jacob J Singer Kenneth Bell and William Adams on the first successful removal of a lung for the treatment of bronchogenic carcinoma in 1933 7 The patient was another physician an obstetrician gynecologist from Pittsburgh Pennsylvania James Lee Gilmore 8 9 In 1924 together with fellow surgeon Warren Henry Cole Graham developed the technique of cholecystography the first procedure for imaging the gallbladder and detecting the presence of cholelithiasis Graham was instrumental in founding the American Board of Surgery in 1937 and he was active as a medical editor and author 10 Graham was Editor in Chief of the Yearbook of Surgery amp the Journal of Thoracic Surgery and Co Editor in Chief of Annals of Surgery 11 Graham served as the chairman of the department of surgery at Washington University School of Medicine WUSM from 1919 to 1951 and the chief of surgery at Barnes Hospital the teaching medical center of WUSM now known as Barnes Jewish Hospital Graham and Ernst Wynder conducted the first systematic research on the carcinogenic effects of cigarette smoking that was done on a large scale and they published their results in a 1950 paper in the Journal of the American Medical Association JAMA 12 Illness and death editGraham himself had been a long time cigarette smoker until his own research known as the 1950 Wynder and Graham Study supported a link between smoking and disease and he ironically died from lung cancer in 1957 13 He was survived by his wife and two sons Evarts A Graham Jr 1921 1996 an editor 14 and David Tredway Graham 1918 1999 an internist Evarts Graham s seminal lung cancer surgery patient in 1933 Gilmore also outlived him by six years dying in 1963 at the age of 78 15 Honors and awards editIn 1941 Graham was elected to the American Philosophical Society 16 That same year he was elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences 17 He was awarded the Lister Medal in 1942 for his contributions to surgical science 18 The corresponding Lister Oration given at the Royal College of Surgeons of England was not delivered until 1947 and was titled Some Aspects of Bronchogenic Carcinoma 19 His other awards included the gold medal of the Radiological Society of North America the Leonard Research Prize of the American Roentgen Ray Society the gold medal of the St Louis Medical Society the gold medal of the Southern Medical Society and presidency of the International Congress of Surgeons in 1953 1954 20 Graham received honorary doctorates from the University of Cincinnati Princeton University Western Reserve University the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Chicago Named lectureships included the Harvey Mutter McArthur Shattuck Alvarez Joyce Arthur Dean Bevan Caldwell Balfour and Judd Lectures 11 References edit wustl edu Time Evarts Ambrose Graham PDF National Academy of Science Retrieved January 30 2014 Anonymous Evarts A Graham 1883 1957 Radiology 1957 68 747 748 Ibid Dragstedt LR Evarts Ambrose Graham 1883 1957 A Biographical Memoir National Academy of Sciences Press Washington D C 1976 Horn L Johnson DH Evarts A Graham and the first pneumonectomy for lung cancer J Clin Oncol 2008 19 3268 3275 Baue AE Landmark perspective Evarts A Graham and the first pneumonectomy JAMA 1984 251 260 264 http magazine archives wustl edu fall03 EvartsGraham ht permanent dead link ml Mueller CB Evarts A Graham The Life amp Times of the Surgical Spirit of St Louis Hamilton Ontario Canada BC Decker Inc 2002 a b Op cit ref 5 Wynder EL Graham EA Tobacco smoking as a possible etiologic factor in bronchogenic carcinoma a study of 684 proven cases JAMA 1950 143 329 336 Anonymous Evarts A Graham 1883 1957 CA Cancer J Clin 1974 24 236 237 Evarts A Graham Journalist 75 NY Times 13 March 1996 Anonymous Evarts A Graham 1883 1957 CA Cancer J Clin 1974 24 236 237 ref 6 APS Member History search amphilsoc org Retrieved 2023 04 27 Evarts A Graham www nasonline org Retrieved 2023 04 27 Announcement of the award of the Lister Medal Nature 148 500 500 25 October 1941 Some Aspects of Bronchogenic Carcinoma Evarts A Graham Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1947 November 1 5 248 264 Op cit ref 3 External links editNational Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Evarts Ambrose Graham amp oldid 1192099528, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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