Eugenie Scott
Eugenie Carol Scott (born October 24, 1945) is an American physical anthropologist, a former university professor and educator who has been active in opposing the teaching of young Earth creationism and intelligent design in schools. She coined the term "Gish gallop" to describe a fallacious rhetorical technique of overwhelming an interlocutor with as many individually weak arguments as possible, in order to prevent rebuttal of the whole argument.
Eugenie Scott | |
|---|---|
Scott in May 2014 | |
| Born | October 24, 1945 |
| Education | University of Missouri |
| Occupation | National Center for Science Education Advisor |
| Awards | Public Welfare Medal (2010), Richard Dawkins Award (2012) |
| Website | ncse |
| Notes | |
From 1986 to 2014,[1] Scott served as the Executive Director of the National Center for Science Education, a nonprofit science education organization supporting teaching of evolutionary science. Since 2013, Scott has been listed on their advisory council.[2]
Scott holds a Ph.D. in biological anthropology from the University of Missouri. A biologist, her research has been in human medical anthropology and skeletal biology. Scott serves on the Board of Trustees of Americans United for Separation of Church and State.[3] Scott is a member of the Board of Advisers for the publication, Scientific American. She is also a Fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI) and GWUP.
Early life and education edit
Scott grew up in Wisconsin and first became interested in anthropology after reading her sister's anthropology textbook.[4] Scott received BS and MS degrees from the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, followed by a PhD from the University of Missouri. She joined the University of Kentucky as a physical anthropologist in 1974, and shortly thereafter attended a debate between her mentor James A. Gavan and the young Earth creationist Duane Gish, which piqued her interest in the creation–evolution controversy.[5][6] She also taught at the University of Colorado and at California State University, Hayward. Her research work focused on medical anthropology, and skeletal biology.
Career edit
In 1980, Scott worked to prevent creationism from being taught in the public schools of Lexington, Kentucky. Scott was appointed the executive director of the National Center for Science Education in 1987, the year in which requiring the teaching of creation science in American public schools was deemed illegal by the Supreme Court in Edwards v. Aguillard. Scott announced that she would be retiring from this position by the end of 2013,[7][8] doing so on 6 January 2014. Her place was taken by Ann Reid.[9]
Worldview edit
Scott was brought up in Christian Science by her mother and grandmother but later switched to a congregational church under the influence of her sister; she describes her background as liberal Protestant.[10] Scott is now a secular humanist and describes herself as a nontheist. In 2003, the San Francisco Chronicle reported that, "Scott describes herself as atheist but does not discount the importance of spirituality."[11] In 2003 she was one of the signatories to the third humanist manifesto, Humanism and Its Aspirations.[12]
Authorship edit
Scott is an expert on creationism and intelligent design. Her book Evolution vs. Creationism: An Introduction was published by Greenwood Press in 2004 and then in paperback by the University of California Press in 2005. Niles Eldredge wrote the foreword in the first edition. A second edition of the book was published in 2008 and in paperback in 2009. The foreword to this edition was written by John E. Jones III, who was the presiding judge in the Kitzmiller v. Dover court case.[13][14]
She co-edited with Glenn Branch the 2006 anthology Not in Our Classrooms: Why Intelligent Design is Wrong for Our Schools.
In 2006 Jon D. Miller, Scott and Shinji Okamoto had a brief article published in Science entitled "Public Acceptance of Evolution", an analysis of polling on the acceptance of evolution from the last 20 years in the United States and compared to other countries.[15][16] Turkey had the lowest acceptance of evolution in the survey, with the United States having the next-lowest, though the authors saw a positive in the higher percentage of Americans who are unsure about evolution, and therefore "reachable" for evolution.[17]
Academic recognition edit
As of 2023 Dr. Scott has been the recipient of 10 honorary degrees.
| Year | Degree | Institution | Location |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2003 | Doctor of Science | McGill University | Québec, Canada[18] |
| 2005 | Doctor of Science | Ohio State University | Columbus, OH[19] |
| 2006 | Doctor of Science | Mount Holyoke College | South Hadley, MA[20] |
| 2006 | Doctor of Science | University of Wisconsin | Milwaukee, WI[21] |
| 2007 | Doctor of Science | Rutgers University | New Brunswick, NJ[22] |
| 2008 | Doctor of Science | University of New Mexico | Albuquerque, NM[23] |
| 2010 | Doctor of Science | University of Missouri-Columbia | Columbia, MO[24] |
| 2010 | Doctor of Science | Colorado College | Colorado Springs, CO[25] |
| 2013 | Honorary Doctorate | Chapman University | Orange, CA[26] |
| 2017 | Honorary Doctorate | Transylvania University | Lexington, KY[27] |
Media appearances edit
David Berlinski, a fellow at the Discovery Institute, describes Scott as an opponent "who is often sent out to defend Darwin".[29] Scott prefers to see herself as "Darwin's golden retriever".[30]
Scott has been profiled in The New York Times,[6] Scientific American,[31] The Scientist,[32] the San Francisco Chronicle,[33] and the Stanford Medical Magazine.[34] She has been interviewed for Science & Theology News,[10] CSICOP,[35] Church & State,[36] and Point of Inquiry.[37][38][39] Her commentary has been published by Science & Theology News,[40] and Metanexus Institute.[41]
Scott has taken part in numerous debates on MSNBC and Fox News.[42][43][44]
In 2004, Scott represented the National Center for Science Education on the Showtime television show Penn & Teller: Bullshit!, on the episode titled "Creationism", where she offered philosophical views about the creationist and intelligent design movements.[45]
Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District edit
In 2005, Scott and other NCSE staff served as scientific and educational consultants for the plaintiffs in the Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District case regarding the teaching of intelligent design in public schools. Judge John Jones ruled in favor of the plaintiffs. Scott said that "we won decisively" and "in triplicate", and "we had the better case."[38] About the merits of the case, she said, "Within evolutionary biology, we argue about the details... and the mechanisms," but "we don't argue about whether living things descended with modification from common ancestors, which is what biological evolution is all about.... The Dover School Board wanted students to doubt whether evolution had taken place."[38]
Awards edit
Dr. Scott has been recognized and honored by many organizations for her contributions to science.
| Year | Award | Awarded by | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1998 | Isaac Asimov Science Award | American Humanist Association | Given to recognize specific accomplishments that advance humanism[46] |
| 1999 | Bruce Alberts Award for Excellence in Science Education | American Society for Cell Biology | Awarded to an individual who has demonstrated innovative and sustained contributions to science education, with particular emphasis on the broad local, regional, and/or national impact[47] |
| 1999 | First Amendment Award | Hugh Hefner Foundation | Recognizes the efforts of an individual in defending the First Amendment[48] |
| 2001 | Public Service Award | Geological Society of America | Presented in honor of Gene and Carolyn Shoemaker, whose scientific work and generosity in sharing it inspired and stimulated the public's curiosity about the universe around them[49] |
| 2002 | AIBS Outstanding Service Award | American Institute of Biological Sciences | Given annually in recognition of an individual's and organization's noteworthy service to the biological sciences, especially integrative and organismal biology[50] |
| 2002 | National Science Board Public Service Award | National Science Board | The award recognizes outstanding contributions in communicating, promoting, or helping to develop broad public policy in science and engineering (Note: The Award has since been renamed the NSB Science and Society Award)[51] |
| 2002 | Margaret Nicholson Distinguished Service Award | California Science Teachers Association | CSTA's highest honor, the citation commemorates Scott "in recognition of your many contributions to science education, your leadership and service, and your positive impact on the quality of science teaching in California."[52] |
| 2006 | Anthropology in the Media Award | American Anthropological Association | Honors those who have raised public awareness of anthropology and have had a broad and sustained public impact at local, national, and international levels[53] |
| 2007 | Outstanding Educator's Award | Exploratorium Museum | Recognizing Dr. Scott's work in science education[54] |
| 2007 | Scientific Freedom and Responsibility Award | The American Association for the Advancement of Science | Honors scientists and engineers whose exemplary actions, often taken at significant personal cost, have served to foster scientific freedom and responsibility[55] |
| 2009 | The Stephen J Gould Prize | Society for the Study of Evolution | Recognizes "individuals whose sustained and exemplary efforts have advanced public understanding of evolutionary science and its importance in biology, education, and everyday life in the spirit of Stephen Jay Gould."[56] |
| 2009 | The Fellows Medal | California Academy of Sciences. | Awarded in recognition of a recipient's notable contributions to one or more of the natural sciences[57] |
| 2010 | The Public Welfare Medal | U.S. National Academy of Sciences | "For championing the teaching of evolution in the United States and for providing leadership to the National Center for Science Education."[58] |
| 2012 | The Richard Dawkins Award | Atheist Alliance of America | Awarded to individuals it judges to have raised the public consciousness of atheism[59] |
| 2014 | Lifetime Achievement Award | American Humanist Association | Recognizes the accomplishments and work of the individuals reflecting humanist values up to the date of the award and in concert with the prevailing humanist thought of the time[60] |
| 2014 | James Randi Award for Skepticism in the Public Interest | James Randi Educational Foundation | Award in recognition of Dr. Scott's outstanding achievements as an advocate for scientific skepticism and her promotion of science education[61] |
| 2018 | The Pojeta Award | Paleontological Society | The award recognizes "exceptional professional or public service by individuals or groups in the field of paleontology above and beyond that of existing formal roles or responsibilities"[62] |
| 2019 | Fellow for the German Skeptic group | Gesellschaft zur wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung von Parawissenschaften [English translation: Society for the Scientific Investigation of Parasciences] | Given to those who uphold scientific skepticism[63] |
| 2022 | Lifetime Achievement Award | California Freethought Day Committee | "Under her leadership, NCSE fought against 'intelligent design' and climate change denial in public schools."[64] |
Personal life edit
Scott and her husband, lawyer Thomas C. Sager, have one daughter and reside in Berkeley, California.
Scott is a backyard beekeeper with two beehives, and is interested in colony collapse disorder and an advocate of amateur beekeeping.[65]
Bibliography edit
- Eugenie C. Scott (2004). Evolution vs. Creationism: An Introduction. Berkeley & Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24650-8. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
evolution vs. creationism.
Also: Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-32122-1 - Eugenie C. Scott & Glenn Branch (2006). Not in Our Classrooms: Why Intelligent Design Is Wrong for Our Schools. Boston: Beacon Press. ISBN 978-0-8070-3278-7.
References edit
- ^ "Eugenie C. Scott: About". Facebook.com/eugenie.c.scott. Facebook. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
- ^ . ncse.com. National Center for Science Education. 2008-07-15. Archived from the original on 2013-08-10. Retrieved 2018-10-30.
- ^ "Who we are". au.org. Americans United for Separation of Church and State. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
- ^ What inspired me to take up science?, Eugenie Scott
- ^ My Favorite Pseudoscience, Eugenie Scott, from Skeptical Odysseys: Personal Accounts by the World's Leading Paranormal Inquirers. Paul Kurtz, ed. Amherst (NY): Prometheus Books, 2001, p 245-56.
- ^ a b "Standard-Bearer in Evolution Fight". New York Times. 2013-09-02. Retrieved 2013-09-06.
- ^ Press Release (May 6, 2013). "NCSE's Scott to retire". National Center for Science Education. Retrieved 2013-06-23.
- ^ Mervis, Jeffrey (May 6, 2013). . Science. Archived from the original on June 24, 2013. Retrieved 2013-06-23.
- ^ "Welcome, Ann Reid". NCSE. January 6, 2014. Retrieved 2014-01-13.
- ^ a b A Conversation with Eugenie Scott Science and Theology News
- ^ Lam, Monica (2006-11-13). "PROFILE / EUGENIE SCOTT / Berkeley scientist leads fight to stop teaching of creationism". The San Francisco Chronicle.
- ^ . Humanism and Its Aspirations. American Humanist Association. Archived from the original on October 5, 2012. Retrieved October 6, 2012.
- ^ Scott, Eugenie (2009). Evolution Vs. Creationism: An Introduction. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-26187-7.
- ^ "Kitzmiller v. Dover: Intelligent Design on Trial". ncse.com. National Center for Science Education, Inc. 2015-12-15. Retrieved 14 June 2018.
- ^ "Public Acceptance of Evolution" in Science, NCSE, August 15, 2006
- ^ Miller; et al. (2006). (PDF). Science. 313 (5788): 765–766. doi:10.1126/science.1126746. PMID 16902112. S2CID 152990938. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-02-28.
- ^ Nick Matzke (10 August 2006). . The Panda's Thumb. Archived from the original on 27 September 2006. Retrieved 9 November 2006.
- ^ "National Center for Science Education". Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "University Awards". Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "Mount Holyoke Honorary Degree Recipients". Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Recipients of Honorary Degrees" (PDF). Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "Past Rutgers University Honorary Degree Recipients". Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "Office of the University Secretary - Honorary Degrees". Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "University of Missouri". Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "Colorado College - Academic Events Committee". Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "Chapman University - Chapman News". Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "National Center for Science Education". Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ . Independent Investigations Report. Archived from the original on 2019-06-03. Retrieved 2014-02-13.
- ^ An Interview with David Berlinski: Part One 2006-12-08 at the Wayback Machine, Intelligent Design the Future, March 7, 2006
- ^ "Scientific American 10: Guiding Science for Humanity". Scientific American. June 2009.
- ^ Steve Mirsky (22 January 2006). . Scientific American. Archived from the original on 10 October 2007. Retrieved 4 November 2006.
- ^ . The Scientist. 16 (11): 60. 27 May 2002. Archived from the original on June 6, 2002.
- ^ "Profile: Eugenie Scott: Berkeley scientist leads fight to stop teaching of creationism". The Chronicle. 7 February 2003.
- ^ Ain't it the truth? Two plus two equals four — spread the word 2006-09-01 at the Wayback Machine, Joel Stein, Stanford Medicine Magazine
- ^ An Interview with Dr. Eugenie Scott 2013-09-19 at the Wayback Machine, By Bill Busher, CSICOP
- ^ Not In Our Classrooms! Leading Science Educator Explains Why 'Intelligent Design' Is Wrong For Our Schools 2006-11-09 at the Wayback Machine, Church & State, Americans United
- ^ Eugenie Scott - Evolution vs. Religious Belief? 2007-10-23 at the Wayback Machine Point of Inquiry
- ^ a b c . Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
- ^ Eugenie Scott: Decrypting Pseudoscience
- ^ . Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2006-11-15.
- ^ The Big Tent and the Camel's Nose 2006-10-01 at the Wayback Machine, Eugenie Scott, Metanexus Institute.
- ^ NCSE's Scott on Fox, CNN, NCSE
- ^ Kansas Debates Evolution: Stephen C. Meyer, Eugenie Scott 2008-12-16 at the Wayback Machine, May 6, 2005 from the Discovery Institute
- ^ "Evolution Vs. God in the Classroom - The Big Story w/ Gibson and Nauert". Fox News Channel. 2005-05-06. Retrieved 2010-02-17.
- ^ . Bullshit!. 2004. Archived from the original on 2008-06-18. Retrieved 2008-05-17.
- ^ "Science and Religion, Methodology, and Humanism". Reports of the National Center for Science Education. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "Bruce Alberts Award for Excellence in Science Education". ascb.
- ^ "New Voices in Evolution Activism: From Madalyn Murray O'Hair to Eugenie Scott". Institute for Creation Research. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "GSA Announces Public Service Medals for Scott and Dalrymple". National Center for Science Education. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "BioScience". American Institute of Biological Sciences. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "Eugenie Scott Awarded the 2002 National Science Board Public Service Award". BioScience. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "Scott Receives Teacher Association Award". National Center for Science Education. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "Previous AIME Awardees". American Anthropological Association. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "Eugenie C. Scott and Ken Miller honored by Exploratorium". National Center for Science Education. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "AAAS Scientific Freedom and Responsibility Award". AAAS. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "NCSE's Scott awarded Stephen Jay Gould prize". National Center for Science Education. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "Fellows Medalists". California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "Public Welfare Medal". National Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "2012 Richard Dawkins Award goes to Eugenie Scott". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "Annual Humanist Awardees". American Humanist Association. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "Genie Scott "plays with deception" in her TAM talk: Wins the 2014 James Randi Award". James Randi Educational Foundation. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "Scott Honored by Paleontological Society". Skeptical Inquirer. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "Integral World: Exploring Theories of Everything". Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ "California Freethought award for NCSE's Eugenie C. Scott". National Center for Science Education. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ^ Richard, Saunders (2 July 2017). "Skeptic Zone podcast #454". Skeptic Zone. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
External links edit
- from the National Center for Science Education
- Eugenie Scott on Teaching Evolution, Books and Ideas
- Eugenie Scott's Talk: "The Right to Teach Evolution"