Entelodon (meaning 'complete teeth', from Ancient Greekἐντελήςentelēs 'complete' and ὀδώνodōn 'tooth', referring to its "complete" eutherian dentition[1]), formerly called Elotherium, is an extinctgenus of entelodontartiodactyl endemic to Eurasia. Fossils of species are found in Paleogene strata ranging in age from the Houldjinian (37.2–33.9 mya) until the Rupelian epoch of the early Oligocene (33.9–28.4 mya).[2]
Entelodon was a fairly typical entelodont, with a large, bulky body, slender legs, and a long snout.[3][1][4][5]
Like other entelodonts, Entelodon had complete eutherian dentition (3 incisors, 1 canine, 3 premolars, and 3 molars per quadrant). It had only two toes on each foot, and its legs were built for fast running.[6] Its long, wide head was supported by a robust, short neck,[6] and its cheekbones were greatly enlarged and protruded noticeably from the sides of the head.[7] Though it was more closely related to hippos and whales than pigs, its skull was generally pig-like.[6][7] It is presumed to have been an omnivore.
European species of Entelodon were around 1.35 metres (4 ft 5 in) tall at the shoulders, with a 65 centimetres (26 in) skull.[6]Entelodon major, known from the Kutanbulak Formation in Kazakhstan was around 1.70 metres (5 ft 7 in) tall at the shoulders, with a 80 centimetres (31 in) skull, making it one of the largest entelodonts.
Paleoecologyedit
Restoration of E. magnus
Entelodon remains are primarily known from Europe,[8][9][10] although fossils have also been found in Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, and even as far east as Japan.
Entelodon magnus populated a broad swath of Europe, with remains found in Spain, Germany, France, Romania, and the Caucasus. Extensive remains of Entelodon deguilhemi were uncovered in Vayres-sur-Essonne, France.[6][11] The Chinese Entelodon dirus is known from a single tooth discovered in Nei Mongol.[12]
^ abFoss, Scott E. (2007). "Family Entelodontidae". In Prothero, Donald R.; Foss, Scott E. (eds.). The Evolution of Artiodactyls. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 120–129. ISBN9780801887352.
^Foss, Scott E. (2001). Systematics and Paleobiology of the Entelodontidae (Mammalia, Artiodactyla). DeKalb, Illinois: Ph.D Dissertation. Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University. ProQuest 304715809.
^Scott, W. B. (1898). "The Osteology of Elotherium". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 19 (3): 273–324. doi:10.2307/1005496. ISSN 0065-9746. JSTOR 1005496.
^Marsh, O. C. (1894-05-01). "Restoration of Elotherium". American Journal of Science. s3-47 (281): 407–408. Bibcode:1894AmJS...47..407M. doi:10.2475/ajs.s3-47.281.407. ISSN 0002-9599. S2CID 130683520.
^ abcdeAgustí, J and Antón, M (2002). Mammoths, Sabertooths, and Hominids: 65 Million Years of Mammalian Evolution in Europe. Retrieved from Google Books
^ abJoeckel, R. M. (1990). "A Functional Interpretation of the Masticatory System and Paleoecology of Entelodonts". Paleobiology. 16 (4): 459–482. doi:10.1017/S0094837300010198. JSTOR 2400970.
^Aymard, A. (1846). "Essai monographique sur un nouveau genre de mammifere' fossile trouve dans la Haute-Loire, et nomme Entelodon". Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Sciences, Arts et Commerce du Puy. 12: 227–267.
^Pomel, A. (1847). "Note sur un nouveau genre de pachydermes du bassin de la Gironde (Elotherium magnum)". Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France. 2 (4): 1083–1085.
^Pomel, A. (1847). "Sur un nouveau genre de Pachydermes fossiles (Elotherium) voisin des Hippopotames". Archives des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles. 5: 307–308.
entelodon, meaning, complete, teeth, from, ancient, greek, ἐντελής, entelēs, complete, ὀδών, odōn, tooth, referring, complete, eutherian, dentition, formerly, called, elotherium, extinct, genus, entelodont, artiodactyl, endemic, eurasia, fossils, species, foun. Entelodon meaning complete teeth from Ancient Greek ἐntelhs enteles complete and ὀdwn odōn tooth referring to its complete eutherian dentition 1 formerly called Elotherium is an extinct genus of entelodont artiodactyl endemic to Eurasia Fossils of species are found in Paleogene strata ranging in age from the Houldjinian 37 2 33 9 mya until the Rupelian epoch of the early Oligocene 33 9 28 4 mya 2 EntelodonTemporal range 37 2 28 4 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Houldjinian RupelianTwo mandibular canines of E magnus at the MHNTScientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass MammaliaOrder ArtiodactylaFamily EntelodontidaeGenus EntelodonAymard 1846Type species Entelodon magnusAymard 1846Species E magnus type species Aymard 1846 E ronzonii Aymard 1846 E aymardi Pomel 1853 E verdeaui Delfortrie 1874 E deguilhemi Repelin 1918 E antiquus Repelin 1919 E dirus Matthew and Granger 1923 E gobiensis Trofimov 1952 E major Biriukov 1961 SynonymsElotherium Pommel 1847 Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Description 3 Paleoecology 4 See also 5 ReferencesTaxonomy editIt is one of four entelodont genera native to Eurasia the other three being the primitive Eoentelodon of late Eocene China Proentelodon of middle Eocene Mongolia and the gigantic Paraentelodon of mid to late Oligocene Central Asia Description edit nbsp Size comparison between E deguilhemi and a humanEntelodon was a fairly typical entelodont with a large bulky body slender legs and a long snout 3 1 4 5 Like other entelodonts Entelodon had complete eutherian dentition 3 incisors 1 canine 3 premolars and 3 molars per quadrant It had only two toes on each foot and its legs were built for fast running 6 Its long wide head was supported by a robust short neck 6 and its cheekbones were greatly enlarged and protruded noticeably from the sides of the head 7 Though it was more closely related to hippos and whales than pigs its skull was generally pig like 6 7 It is presumed to have been an omnivore European species of Entelodon were around 1 35 metres 4 ft 5 in tall at the shoulders with a 65 centimetres 26 in skull 6 Entelodon major known from the Kutanbulak Formation in Kazakhstan was around 1 70 metres 5 ft 7 in tall at the shoulders with a 80 centimetres 31 in skull making it one of the largest entelodonts Paleoecology edit nbsp Restoration of E magnusEntelodon remains are primarily known from Europe 8 9 10 although fossils have also been found in Kazakhstan Mongolia China and even as far east as Japan Entelodon magnus populated a broad swath of Europe with remains found in Spain Germany France Romania and the Caucasus Extensive remains of Entelodon deguilhemi were uncovered in Vayres sur Essonne France 6 11 The Chinese Entelodon dirus is known from a single tooth discovered in Nei Mongol 12 See also edit nbsp Paleontology portalReferences edit nbsp Wikispecies has information related to Entelodon nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Entelodon a b Foss Scott E 2007 Family Entelodontidae In Prothero Donald R Foss Scott E eds The Evolution of Artiodactyls Baltimore Johns Hopkins University Press pp 120 129 ISBN 9780801887352 PaleoBiology Database Entelodon basic info Foss Scott E 2001 Systematics and Paleobiology of the Entelodontidae Mammalia Artiodactyla DeKalb Illinois Ph D Dissertation Department of Biological Sciences Northern Illinois University ProQuest 304715809 Scott W B 1898 The Osteology of Elotherium Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 19 3 273 324 doi 10 2307 1005496 ISSN 0065 9746 JSTOR 1005496 Marsh O C 1894 05 01 Restoration of Elotherium American Journal of Science s3 47 281 407 408 Bibcode 1894AmJS 47 407M doi 10 2475 ajs s3 47 281 407 ISSN 0002 9599 S2CID 130683520 a b c d e Agusti J and Anton M 2002 Mammoths Sabertooths and Hominids 65 Million Years of Mammalian Evolution in Europe Retrieved from Google Books a b Joeckel R M 1990 A Functional Interpretation of the Masticatory System and Paleoecology of Entelodonts Paleobiology 16 4 459 482 doi 10 1017 S0094837300010198 JSTOR 2400970 Aymard A 1846 Essai monographique sur un nouveau genre de mammifere fossile trouve dans la Haute Loire et nomme Entelodon Annales de la Societe d Agriculture Sciences Arts et Commerce du Puy 12 227 267 Pomel A 1847 Note sur un nouveau genre de pachydermes du bassin de la Gironde Elotherium magnum Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France 2 4 1083 1085 Pomel A 1847 Sur un nouveau genre de Pachydermes fossiles Elotherium voisin des Hippopotames Archives des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles 5 307 308 Paleobiology Database Entelodon deguilhemi Paleobiology Database Entelodon dirus Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Entelodon amp oldid 1191077042, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
